4.1+多彩的汉族民歌课件-高中音乐湘教版（2019）必修音乐鉴赏

qweu0jkwqhkjbj113jasdjkhcb89adasds109ksjahcnhqweu0jkwqhkjbj113jasdjkhcb89adasds109ksjahcnhqweu0jkwqhkjbj113jasdjkhcb89adasds109ksjahcnhqweu0jkwqhkjbj113jasdjkhcb89adasds109ksjahcnhqweu0jkwqhkjbj113jasdjkhcb89adasds109ksjahcnhqweu0jkwqhkjbj113jasdjkhcb89adasds109ksjahcnh请回答：中国有多少个民族？你知道哪些民族？你知道哪些民歌？qweu0jkwqhkjbj113jasdjkhcb89adasds109ksjahcnhqweu0jkwqhkjbj113jasdjkhcb89adasds109ksjahcnhqweu0jkwqhkjbj113jasdjkhcb89adasds109ksjahcnhqweu0jkwqhkjbj113jasdjkhcb89adasds109ksjahcnhqweu0jkwqhkjbj113jasdjkhcb89adasds109ksjahcnhqweu0jkwqhkjbj113jasdjkhcb89adasds109ksjahcnh多彩的汉族民歌汉族民歌的起源qweu0jkwqhkjbj113jasdjkhcb89adasds109ksjahcnhqweu0jkwqhkjbj113jasdjkhcb89adasds109ksjahcnhqweu0jkwqhkjbj113jasdjkhcb89adasds109ksjahcnhqweu0jkwqhkjbj113jasdjkhcb89adasds109ksjahcnhqweu0jkwqhkjbj113jasdjkhcb89adasds109ksjahcnhqweu0jkwqhkjbj113jasdjkhcb89adasds109ksjahcnh在有文字和乐谱之前，汉族人民已创造了民歌。在漫长的历史长河中，人们的口头歌曲创作以诗歌的形式保存了中国古代民歌的精华《诗经》是我国最早的诗歌总集，包括“风”、“雅”、“颂”。其中“国风”是当时北方15个地区的民歌，反映了从西周初年到春秋中叶五百余年间复杂的社会生活、阶级关系以及人民的生活情况。《楚辞》又称《楚词》，是继《诗经》之后，战国时期（公元前4世纪）的著名诗集。其中部分是伟大诗人屈原、宋玉等楚国民歌的佳作。如《离骚》、《九歌》、《天问》等汉乐府《战城南》、《东门行》、《十五从军征》、《限上桑》等，《孔雀东南飞》汉族民歌的种类汉族民歌山歌小调号子qweu0jkwqhkjbj113jasdjkhcb89adasds109ksjahcnhqweu0jkwqhkjbj113jasdjkhcb89adasds109ksjahcnhqweu0jkwqhkjbj113jasdjkhcb89adasds109ksjahcnhqweu0jkwqhkjbj113jasdjkhcb89adasds109ksjahcnhqweu0jkwqhkjbj113jasdjkhcb89adasds109ksjahcnhqweu0jkwqhkjbj113jasdjkhcb89adasds109ksjahcnh123汉族民歌—山歌qweu0jkwqhkjbj113jasdjkhcb89adasds109ksjahcnhqweu0jkwqhkjbj113jasdjkhcb89adasds109ksjahcnhqweu0jkwqhkjbj113jasdjkhcb89adasds109ksjahcnhqweu0jkwqhkjbj113jasdjkhcb89adasds109ksjahcnhqweu0jkwqhkjbj113jasdjkhcb89adasds109ksjahcnhqweu0jkwqhkjbj113jasdjkhcb89adasds109ksjahcnh抒发情感内容广泛结构短小曲调爽朗情感质朴节奏自由汉族民歌—山歌陕北民歌信天游云南民歌典型结构：引腔+主体+尾声陕北民歌信天游结构：上下句，上句上扬，下句回落《小河淌水》qweu0jkwqhkjbj113jasdjkhcb89adasds109ksjahcnhqweu0jkwqhkjbj113jasdjkhcb89adasds109ksjahcnhqweu0jkwqhkjbj113jasdjkhcb89adasds109ksjahcnhqweu0jkwqhkjbj113jasdjkhcb89adasds109ksjahcnhqweu0jkwqhkjbj113jasdjkhcb89adasds109ksjahcnhqweu0jkwqhkjbj113jasdjkhcb89adasds109ksjahcnh《脚夫调》云南弥渡山歌汉族民歌—号子澧水船夫号子qweu0jkwqhkjbj113jasdjkhcb89adasds109ksjahcnhqweu0jkwqhkjbj113jasdjkhcb89adasds109ksjahcnhqweu0jkwqhkjbj113jasdjkhcb89adasds109ksjahcnhqweu0jkwqhkjbj113jasdjkhcb89adasds109ksjahcnhqweu0jkwqhkjbj113jasdjkhcb89adasds109ksjahcnhqweu0jkwqhkjbj113jasdjkhcb89adasds109ksjahcnh听一听想一想：这首歌曲在歌词、演唱形式和旋律上有什么特点？可以分成几部分？歌词：嗨、哦、啊、呦、嗬等衬词，内容通俗，具有即兴性。演唱形式：一领众和旋律：装饰音、滑音，领唱自由，富于变化，应和简单重复缺少变化。受地域影响，具有当地苗族、土家族音乐风格特点。汉族民歌—号子qweu0jkwqhkjbj113jasdjkhcb89adasds109ksjahcnhqweu0jkwqhkjbj113jasdjkhcb89adasds109ksjahcnhqweu0jkwqhkjbj113jasdjkhcb89adasds109ksjahcnhqweu0jkwqhkjbj113jasdjkhcb89adasds109ksjahcnhqweu0jkwqhkjbj113jasdjkhcb89adasds109ksjahcnhqweu0jkwqhkjbj113jasdjkhcb89adasds109ksjahcnh歌词：嗨、哦、啊、呦、嗬等衬词，内容通俗，具有即兴性。汉族民歌—号子qweu0jkwqhkjbj113jasdjkhcb89adasds109ksjahcnhqweu0jkwqhkjbj113jasdjkhcb89adasds109ksjahcnhqweu0jkwqhkjbj113jasdjkhcb89adasds109ksjahcnhqweu0jkwqhkjbj113jasdjkhcb89adasds109ksjahcnhqweu0jkwqhkjbj113jasdjkhcb89adasds109ksjahcnhqweu0jkwqhkjbj113jasdjkhcb89adasds109ksjahcnh演唱形式:一领众和即一人领，众人合，一领众和是号子最常见、最典型的歌唱方式，领唱者往往就是集体劳动的指挥者。领唱部分常常是唱词的主要陈述部分，其音乐比较灵活、自由，曲调和唱词常有即兴变化，旋律常上扬，或比较高亢嘹亮，有呼唤、号召的特点；和唱的部分大多是衬词或重复领唱中的片段唱词，音乐较固定，变化少，节奏型强，常使用同一乐汇或同一节奏型的重复进行。汉族民歌—号子qweu0jkwqhkjbj113jasdjkhcb89adasds109ksjahcnhqweu0jkwqhkjbj113jasdjkhcb89adasds109ksjahcnhqweu0jkwqhkjbj113jasdjkhcb89adasds109ksjahcnhqweu0jkwqhkjbj113jasdjkhcb89adasds109ksjahcnhqweu0jkwqhkjbj113jasdjkhcb89adasds109ksjahcnhqweu0jkwqhkjbj113jasdjkhcb89adasds109ksjahcnh旋律：装饰音、滑音，领唱自由，富于变化，应和简单重复缺少变化。受地域影响，具有当地苗族、土家族音乐风格特点。汉族民歌—号子qweu0jkwqhkjbj113jasdjkhcb89adasds109ksjahcnhqweu0jkwqhkjbj113jasdjkhcb89adasds109ksjahcnhqweu0jkwqhkjbj113jasdjkhcb89adasds109ksjahcnhqweu0jkwqhkjbj113jasdjkhcb89adasds109ksjahcnhqweu0jkwqhkjbj113jasdjkhcb89adasds109ksjahcnhqweu0jkwqhkjbj113jasdjkhcb89adasds109ksjahcnh澧水船夫号子汉族民歌——小调姑苏风光qweu0jkwqhkjbj113jasdjkhcb89adasds109ksjahcnhqweu0jkwqhkjbj113jasdjkhcb89adasds109ksjahcnhqweu0jkwqhkjbj113jasdjkhcb89adasds109ksjahcnhqweu0jkwqhkjbj113jasdjkhcb89adasds109ksjahcnhqweu0jkwqhkjbj113jasdjkhcb89adasds109ksjahcnhqweu0jkwqhkjbj113jasdjkhcb89adasds109ksjahcnh·苏州民歌中最有代表性的一首大型叙事性套曲。由码头调、满江红、六花六节、鲜花调、湘江浪五首具有浓郁江南风格的小调连缀而成。各曲环环相扣，又称《大九连环》。各曲环环相扣，又称《大九连环》。码头调是大九连环五首曲牌中运用最广泛的一种。·音乐特点：一字多音、细腻、委婉，旋律多级进，回旋环绕。山歌小调号子听辨汉族民歌各体裁特点qweu0jkwqhkjbj113jasdjkhcb89adasds109ksjahcnhqweu0jkwqhkjbj113jasdjkhcb89adasds109ksjahcnhqweu0jkwqhkjbj113jasdjkhcb89adasds109ksjahcnhqweu0jkwqhkjbj113jasdjkhcb89adasds109ksjahcnhqweu0jkwqhkjbj113jasdjkhcb89adasds109ksjahcnhqweu0jkwqhkjbj113jasdjkhcb89adasds109ksjahcnh体裁劳动号子山歌小调演唱场合演唱风格演唱形式演唱目的劳动场合山间、田野、牧场等城镇集市豪放、质朴、粗犷旋律舒展优美抒情一领众和独唱、对唱伴奏表演服务劳动、鼓舞斗志抒发感情用于表演民歌的创新民歌新鲜明的民族风格科学的技术方法强烈的时代气息qweu0jkwqhkjbj113jasdjkh