新闻传播学专业英语 课件 13 News Writing

13

News

WritingUnemploymentratehitsfive-yearlowFedpolicyenrichesprivateequity,ifnotworkersFlightsdelayedasairpollutionhitsshanghaiStatesbidforBoeingwork新闻标题的特点aid—help/assistback—supportfake—counterfeitgem—jewelstance—attitudeties—(diplomatic)relation多用实词，短小词名词、动词Iraqmayquitoil-for-foodplan=Iraqmayquittheoil-for-foodplanSpecialcoatingkillsbacteria=Aspecialcoatingkillsthebacteria省略虚词冠词Polygamistwillnotchangelife=ThepolygamistwillnotchangehislifePakistantoopenconsulateinShanghai=PakistanwillopenitsconsulateinShanghai省略代词Xi,BidenphonecallrekindleshopesforglobaldevelopmentAtWEF,Xileadsthewaytohelpworldfightpandemic,recession省略连词andBeijinginOlympicstopthree=BeijingisinOlympicstopthreeWTOmembership‘important’=TheWTOmembershipisimportant省略系动词Apollo13damagedbyexplosion=Apollo13wasdamagedbyexplosionEverestclimberscleaningmountains=EverestclimbersarecleaningmountainsNewrulestolimitmigrantpopulation=Newrulesaretolimitmigrantpopulation省略助动词1.逗号取代连词2.冒号表示引文或取代系动词3.分号连接两句减少标点使用Jiang:Childrenkeytofuture＝Jiangsays:“Childrenarekeytothefuture.”Smoking:Topkillerofwomen=Smokingisthetopkillerofwomen.冒号表示引用或系动词‘Gladiator’topfilm;OscarstoCrowe,Roberts分号连接两个独立的标题aid—help/assistback—supportfake—counterfeitgem—jewelstance—attitude ties—(diplomatic)relation用词简短、生动、具体biz＝business（商业）champ＝champion（冠军）con＝convict（罪犯）deli＝delicatessen（熟食）expo＝exposition（博览会）homo＝homosexual（同性恋）lib＝liberation（解放）多用截短词ad—advertisementfridge/frige—refrigeratorauto—automobileNat'l–nationalcello—violoncelloMotel-motorhotelquake—earthquakebike—bicycleflu—influenzatelly—television多用截短词pro＝professional（专业的；职业的）rep＝representative（代表）sec＝secretary（秘书）chute＝parachute（降落伞）copter＝helicopter（直升机）nat''l＝national（全国的）com''l＝commercial（商业的；广告）多用截短词c''tee＝committee（委员会）c''wealth＝commonwealth（英联邦）telly＝television（电视机）tech＝technology（技术）pix＝pictures（电影）vet＝veteran（老兵；老手）vic＝victory（胜利）多用截短词UNESCO＝（UnitedNationsEducational，ScientificandCulturalOrganization（联合国教科文组织）IMF＝internationalmonetaryfund（国际货币基金组织）ASEAN＝associationofsoutheastasiannations（东南亚国家联盟）APEC=Asian-PacificEconomicCooperation（亚太经济合作组织）WTO＝worldtradeorganization（世界贸易组织）WHO＝worldhealthorganization（世界卫生组织）OPEC＝organizationofpetroleumexportingcountries（石油输出国组织）IOC＝InternationalOlympicCommittee（国际奥林匹克委员会）多用缩略词组织机构RCEP,RegionalComprehensiveEconomicPartnership

区域全面经济伙伴关系协定CPTPP,ComprehensiveandProgressiveAgreementforTrans-PacificPartnership 全面与进步跨太平洋伙伴关系CAI,China-EUComprehensiveAgreementonInvestment 中欧《全面投资协定》贸易或投资协定缩略词UFO＝unidentifiedflyingobject（不明飞行物：“飞碟”）DJI＝Dow-Jonesindex（道琼斯指数）ABM＝anti-ballisticmissile（反弹道导弹）PR＝publicrelations（公共关系）SALT＝strategicarmslimitationtalks（限制战略武器会谈）SDI＝strategicdefenseinitiative（战略防御措施）GMT＝greenwichmeantime（格林威治标准时间）IT=InformationTechnology5G=theFifth-generation科技学术类缩略词pm＝primeminister（总理；首相）gm＝generalmanager（总经理）vip＝veryimportantperson（贵宾；要人）tp＝trafficpoliceman（交通警察）pa＝personalassistant（私人助理）职业、职务或职称的缩略词新闻标题的时态特征现在进行时一般将来时一般现在时一般过去时引用比喻押韵双关典故英语新闻标题常用修辞硬新闻软新闻开门见山straightforward1笔墨经济succinct2内容充实informative3引人入胜intriguing4形式多样varied5导语的作用summarymain-factdescriptivedirectaddressquotationsuspense123456delayedcontrastquestioncombinedanecdotal7891011各种类型的导语一般将来时彭博社推荐的财经新闻四段落导语BloombergTHEMEwhat（什么）和why（为什么）/sowhat（如何）DETAILS支持主题的信息或基本事实QUOTATION权威人士对针对该主题的立场NUTPARAGRAPH解释这条新闻为何对读者很重要彭博社报道中煤集团碳达峰的导语ChinaCoalGroupSaysPeakDemandImminentasCleanPowerGrows(Bloomberg)—Chinaisrapidlyapproachingpeakcoalconsumption,butthefossilfuel’sroleinhelpingtoaddressenergysecurityconcernsmeansitsusewillplateauforsometimeafterthat,accordingtothenation’stopindustryassociation.Coalisbeingdisplacedinthepowersectorthankstoahugesurgeinwindandsolaradditionslastyear,whiletherealestatecrisisishelpingtocooldemandfromheavyindustry,saidZhangHong,deputysecretary-generaloftheChinaNationalCoalAssociation.Atthesametime,thegrowthofrenewablesmeanscoalisindemandtohelpbalanceoutintermittentgeneration.Asharpdropinconsumption,therefore,willnotcomeswiftly.“Coaldemandisreachingaplateauperiod,butitsfundamentalroleinsupportingChina’senergysupplysafetyishardtochangeintheshort-term,”ZhangsaidattheChinaCoalImportInternationalSummitinXiamen,southeasternChina.“Theroleofcoalasprimaryenergyandafallbackforensuringenergysecurityremainsunchanged,evenwhenitisclosetoreachingaplateau.”主题细节核心段落引用当今西方通讯社仍以路透、美联和法新三家为主。三者各有特色。路透社的文章以行文简洁明了、用词精练漂亮见长，美联社以内容丰满翔实、背景脉络清楚取胜，而法新社则以消息快、稿量大著称。（陈树培，2014）其他英语通讯社导语字数也大都少于35-40字。美联社导语字数少于25个单词。新华社导语字数少于110个汉字。Fewestwords,mosteffects.通讯社的硬新闻，导语大都要求用词简洁美联社：如何报道质疑气候变化的人？不要贴标签climatechangedeniersclimatechangeskepticsclimatechangedoubterspeoplewhodonotagreewithmainstreamsciencethatsaystheclimateischangingpeoplewhodonotbelievethathumanactivityisresponsibleforthebulkofclimatechangepeoplewhodisagreewiththeseverityofclimatechangeprojectedbyscientists安乐死Euthanasia医生或医疗人员在严格条件下，应病人要求，通过给病人注射致命针，主动杀死符合某些标准的病人。（欧洲7国）医生协助自杀Medicallyassistedsuicide,physcician-assisteddeath符合某些标准的病人自己服用医生开的致命药水或药片杀死自己。（美国11个州）安乐死≠医生协助自杀哪一列表达效果更好？intheeventofifdespitethefactthatinspiteofadverseweatherconditionbadweatherimpactnegativelyonhurt/damageapplypressurepressgiveauthorizationpermittakeappropriateactionactExperiencehungerstarvethequestionastowhetherwhether/thequestionwhetherthereisnodoubtbutthatnodoubt/doubtlessusedforfuelpurposesusedforfuel新闻机构句内单词数Times,NYT16-18,<20AP,UPI<17新闻机构推荐句子长度UPI

句子长度与可读性调查可读性句内单词数最易读<8易读11较易读14标准句子17较难读20难读25很难读>29多用主谓宾短句，少用倒装句句子的单词尽量不要超过20个句子更简单，错误更少，用词更有效Fouraircraftpassengers,thepilotandthreepeopletravellinginacarwerekilledwhenatwin-enginedBeechcraftBaronaircrafthitanelectricpowerlineandcrashednearNadiairportthisweek.EightpeoplediedwhenanaircraftcrashednearNadiairportthisweek.Thepilotandfourpassengersdiedwhentheirtwin-enginedBeechcraftBaronhitapowerline.Theplanethencrashedintoacaronaroadneartheairport,killingthreemorepeople.力求清晰，采用具体、简短的动词Asurveyofthisregionwasmadein1900.Thisregionwassurveyedin1900.✅Mobilizationofthearmywasrapidlycarriedout.Thearmywasrapidlymobilized.✅Confirmationofthesereportscannotbeobtained.Thesereportscannotbeconfirmed.✅Acommonfaultistouseasthesubjectofapassiveconstructionanounwhichexpressestheentireaction,leavingtotheverbnofunctionbeyondthatofcompletingthesentence.不要滥用动名词W.Strunk&E.B.White，TheElementsofStyleAvoidadjectivesandsearchforthelittleverbsthatbounceandleapandswimandcut.用短小的动词StanleyWalker正面表达更有效Itisbettertoexpressanegativeinpositiveform.nothonestdishonestnotimportanttriflingdidnotrememberforgotdidnotpayanyattentiontoignoreddidnothavemuchconfidenceindistrustedAlthoughtherehasbeena20percentincreaseinmurdersthisyear,thePrimeMinisterhasvowednottobringbackhanging.ThePrimeMinisterhasvowednottobringbackhanging,despitea20percentincreaseinmurdersthisyear.✔避免用从句开始一个句子代词与先行词的距离读者对该名词的记忆2-3

句很好回忆4-5

句不太记得6-7

句已经忘了代词阅读广度实验少用关联词、代词、插入语Daneman&Capenter,1980;Whitney,Ritchie&Clark,1991SANANTONIO,Nov.2(UPI)——PoliceareinvestigatingthecauseofacrashinSanAntoniothatleftthreepeopledead,officialssaid.ThevictimswerekilledSaturdaynightafteracarjumpedamedianandhitanothercarhead-on,theSanAntonioExpress-NewsreportedSunday.SanAntonioPoliceSgt.DanielAnderssaidamaninhis20sastravelingeastboundinasedanontheWurzbachParkwaywhenhiscarcrossedagrassymedianandcrashedintoanothercarcarryingtwowomenandtravelingintheoppositedirection.Allthreeweredeclareddeadatthescene,thenewspaperreported.Anderssaidonewomanwasinher40sandtheotherinher70s.Hesaidhedidnotknowifthetwowomenwererelatedtoeachother.Therewasnoobviou