《中国文化》英语教程复习题及答案

I.ChineseCulturalTerms:6.茉莉花茶jasminetea7.八大菜系eightmajorschoolsofcuisine/8RegionalChineseCuisines茶具teaset10.紫砂壶boccaroteapot14.佛跳墙BuddhaJumpingtheWall21.甲骨文oracle-boneinscription/oracle-bonescript22.篆文sealcharacter/sealscript23.文房四宝fourtreasuresofstudy24.丝绸之路theSilkRoad25.海上丝绸之路theMaritimesilkroad26.一带一路倡议TheBeltandRoadInitiative27.西域theWesternregions28.敦煌石窟theDunhuangGrottoes29.春秋时期theSpringandAutumnPeriod30.方块象形文字thesquare-shapedpictographiccharacter31.颜(真卿)体theYanstyle32.民间艺术folkarts33.年画NewYearpictures35.皮影戏shadowplay36.苏绣SuhouEmbroidery37.造纸术papermakingting39.佛经Buddhistscripture40.行书runningscript/semi-cursivescript41.草书cursivescript42.楷书regularscript/standardscript43.隶书officialscript/clericalscriptk45.六艺：礼乐射御书数“sixarts”:ritual,music,archery,carriagedriving,calligraphy,andmathematics46.毛笔thewritingbrush47.宣纸xuanpaper/ricepaper50.繁体字complexcharacters/traditionalcharacters51.中国结Chineseknotsm53.国徽nationalemblem国歌nationalanthemII.Multiplechoices(每题三个选项中选一个最佳答案)1)WhichofthefollowingisirrelevanttothepictographicsymbolsofChinesecharacters?(下列哪项与汉字的象形符号无关？)___AAspiration.吸Imagination.想象Creativity.创造力Allusion.典故WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueofthenameofFudanUniversit(y关于复旦大学的名称，下列哪个陈述是正确的？)___DThecharactersbothstandfor"thesunrisingonthehorizon"这.些字符都代表着“太阳在地平线上升起”ThenameistakenfromaChineseclassicalpoem.这个名字取自中国古典歌Thenameencouragesthestudentstogetupearlyinthemorning.这个名字鼓励学生早上早起Thecharactersareintendedtotellthestudentstomakeprogressdaybyday.这些字旨在让学生们一天天地进步3)Whichofthefollowinglanguagesmostlyconsistsoflanguagepictures(下列语言中哪一种主要由语言图片组成？)?B___MandarinChinese.普通话HieroglyphsofancientEgypt.古埃及的象形文字Oracle-boneinscription.甲骨文Sealcharacters.篆书4)Thesymbolfor“swimming”isclosestto(“游泳”的符号最接近的是)___.Coracle-boneinscription甲骨文MandarinChinese普通话sealcharacters篆书noneoftheabove没有选项5)Thesymbolfor“athletics”containstheingredientsof(“运动”的符号包含了)___.Adancingandrunning跳舞、跑步runningandswinging跑步和摆动dancingandswinging跳舞和摆动triathlonandfootball铁人三项和足球6)AllthefollowingarethetitlesofConfuciusexcep(t以下孔子的头衔除了)___.Baneducator一个教育家Abiologist一个生物学家Ascholar有识之士Aphilosopher一个哲学家7)Theexpression“filialpiety”mostprobablymeansbeing(“孝”的意思很可能是指)___.DLoyaltothestate忠于国家Obedienttosister(s)听姐姐的话Responsibleforthefamily对家庭负责Dutifultoparents孝顺父母8)WhichoffollowingcanbestdescribeConfucius’viewontherelationshipbetweenmanandnature(下面哪一个最能说明孔子对人与自然关系的看法？)___.DBrothers兄弟Husbandandwife夫妇Doctorandpatient医生和病人Motherandson母子9)Throughburialandancestralworshiprituals,peoplecanlearnthat(通过丧葬和祭祖仪式，人们可以了解到。)___.BNatureislifelesssoitwillneverdie自然是没有生命的，所以它永远不会死。Individual’slifecanbeeverlastingbyjoiningnature人的一生可以通过自。Theyshouldbegratefultotheirparentsforgivingthemlives他们应该感谢父母给了他们生命。Individual’slifespanisshort,sotheyshouldenjoylifeasmuchaspossible每个人的寿命都很短，所以他们应该尽可能地享受生活。10)WhichoffollowingisthemostimportantpartofConfucius’curriculum?(下列哪一项是孔子课程最重要的部分？)___.Ccalligraphy书法virtue美德Mathematics数学reflects(子路，你和公西迟的愿望代表了___，而曾点的反映了)___.DPersonalambition;selfishness个人的野心;自私Loftyideals;meaninglesspursuit远大的志向；毫无意义的追求Personalstruggle;generouscontribution个人奋斗;慷慨的奉献Individualcontributiontosociety;harmony个人对社会的贡献;和谐12)Whichofthefollowingcancoveralltheconnotationsoftheartofwritin下列哪一项可以涵盖书写艺术的所有内涵？)___.Dcalligraphy美术字(体);书法，笔迹penmanship书写艺术，书法，书写技巧handwriting书法，手书Noneoftheabove以上都不是13)HowwasChinesecalligraphydisplayedbyLinHuaimin(林怀民是如何展现中国书法的)___.ABydance通过舞蹈Byscript通过剧本Bymusic通过音乐Bybrush用刷子14)WhatcanweinferfromtheexampleofZhangXu(我们可以从张旭的例子中推断出什么？)___.DHedidnothingbutpracticehisrunning-cursivescriptallday他整天只练Helearntcalligraphybycopyingothercalligraphersofhistime他模仿他那个时代的书法家学习书法。Heoftenwatchedsworddancetolearnfromitforhiscalligraphy他经法。Hemadefastprogresswhenhediscoveredthegenuinebeautyofcalligraphy当他发现书法真正的美时，他进步很快。15)Howisthe“energy”of”one-strokecharacter”achieved(“能量”的一笔书是如何写出来的？)___.CBypressingthebrushharder通过用力按压笔刷Bywritingthecharacterwithonlyonestroke只写一个笔画bywritingthestrokesatonego写那些笔画的时候一气呵成Byconnectingthestrokesintheinterior通过连接内部的笔画16)Whichoffollowingwordscanbestsummarizethecharacteristicof“inkpig”(下面哪个词最能概括“墨猪”的特点？)___.Bvigorous有力的cumbersome笨重的heavy重的，沉重的Dense密集的，稠密的17)Thethreemostvaluablecalligraphicworksinthethree-treasurestudyincludeworksbyallthefollowingcalligraphersexcept___.DWangxizhiWangxianzhiWangxunZhangxu18)Whatcanwelearnaboutwangxizhi’scalligraphicworksaccordingtothepassage(根据这篇文章，我们可以从王羲之的书法作品中学到什么？)___.DHishandwritinglookslikeadragon他的笔迹像一条龙。Hishandwritingisheavybutvigorous他的笔迹重而有力。Prefacetothelantingpavilioncollectionishisfirstwork《兰亭集》的序部作品。Theoriginalofprefacetothelantingpavilioncollectionismissing《兰亭集序》的真迹已经不见了19)Howdidthecriterionof“beinghidden”inyanstyleoccur(颜体的“隐”的标准是怎么出现的)___.CItdawneduponyanzhenqingaccidentally颜真卿偶然发现的Yanzhenqinglearntitfromformermasters颜真卿从它原先的主人那里学Yanzhenqinggottheideafromzhangxu颜真卿是从张旭那里得到的想法Itwaspasseddownfromyan’sancestors它是颜真卿的祖宗传下来的III.Translation英译汉，汉译英(英汉互译都要掌握)重要提示：请各位同学务必复习这些段落的英译汉，以及汉BeforeConfucius,onlythenobilityhadtherighttoeducation.HewasthefirstfigureinChinesehistorytoinitiateprivateeducation.Accordingtohistoricalrecords,Confuciustaughtformanyyearsandtrained3000disciples.Atotalof72ofthemexcelledinthe”sixarts”,i.e.(也就aphy (书),andmathematics(数).Agreateducator,Confuciushasbeen开私人讲学之风气。他长期从事教育工作。据史书记载，他有弟子三千，其中通六艺的有七十二人。孔子是伟大的教育家，被后人尊称为of”non-contention”towater,todistinguishitfromthelawoftheingbutcontendsfornothingToLaozi,humanstendtoseekhigherpositionswhilewateralwaysflowstolowerplaces.Drivenbydesire,humanslikewhateverthythinkissuperiorwhiledespisingwhatevertheythinkisinferior.Yetwateralwaysflowsdownward.AsthesourceoflifewaternourishesalllivingthingsonEarth.老子说“上善若水”水具有最高的善。老子以水比喻他的“不争”在老子看来，人往高处走，水往低处流。人情受欲望驱动，好高而恶下，而水却永远往下流淌。水是生命之源，可以滋润万物，给大地带3.Unit5,page43,para.1Protectionoftheeco-environmentiscapturingwiderinternationalattentiontoday.Eco-ethicsandeco-philosophyhaveariseninthefaceoftheincreasinglyseriousecologicalcrisisfacingthewholeworld.Scholarsinthefieldpointoutthathumandamagetothenaturalenvironmenthasacceleratedtosuchanextentastothreatentheveryexistenceofhumanbeingsthemselves.危机，国际上出现了生态伦理学和生态哲学。学者们强调指出，人类SomepictographicsymbolsofChinesecharactersexpresspeople’skeenobservationandexperienceoftheworld.ThisiswhysomeEuropeanpoetshavefoundChinesecharactersinspiringtotheirimagination.EzraPound,forexample,waswellknownforhisadmirationofChinesecharacters,fromwhichhewasabletodrawcreativity.Whenhesawthe他的创造力。eparaTheSilkRoadfunctionednotonlyasatraderoute,butalsoasabridgethatlinkedtheancientcivilizationsofChina,India,theMesopotamianplains,Egypt,andGreece.Italsohelpedtopromotetheexchangeofscienceandtechnologybetweeneastandwest.TheSilkRoadservedasthemainchannelforancientChinatoopenuptotheoutsideworld,aswellasforfreshimpulsesfromotherculturestoenterthecountry,whichcontributedasignificantsharetotheshapingofChineseculture.度文明，埃及文明，希腊文明和美索不达米亚文明的纽带。它也为东tomeetfriendsfromafar?””Afar”impliesdifferentwaysoflifeandphilosophies,Confucius’attitudeshowsthattheChinesehavealwayshighlyrespectedfriendsfromalongwayoffandaspiredtolearnfromthem.Atthesametime,thereexistedthewishtopresentagoodimagetooutsiders.ThereisanotherusefulquotationfromTheAnalects:”Magistrate(地方行政官)ZigaooftheYeCountyaskedaboutgovernance.Confuciusreplied,’Goodgovernancemakesone’sneighborshappyandattractspeoplefromfarawayplacestocomeandlearnfrom“远方”提示着生活方式和思想观念的差异。孔子的态度也表明了TheprosperousTangDynastybestexemplifiedtheopenandinclusivespiritofChinesecultureasadvocatedbyConfucius.Insteadofdenialorconfrontation,theTang,fromthereignofEmperorTaizongonwards,toleratedandabsorbedelementsfromallculturesthatitcameintocontactwith,leadingtoprosperityinallaspectsofsociallife.pageparaComparedwiththeseexplorers,ZhengHe’svoyagestookplacemuchearlierandonamuchlargerscale.OneachofthesevenvoyagestotheWesternSeas,hisfleetconsistedofmorethan100ships,with62largeandmedium-sizedshipsformingthemainbody.Crewsandotherpersonneladdeduptomorethan20000.Columbus’fleethadonlythreeshipsandan88-membercrew.Obviously,ZhengHe’sfleetswereunparalleledduringhistimeintermsofsize,navigationtechnology,organizationandpableofmakingthosesuccessfullongtrips.与这些人类航海史的创举相比，郑和下西洋，时间上比他们早，规模上也比他们大得多，郑和每次下西洋，船队都由一二百艘船组成，其上船员及其他人员总共两万航的规模之大，技术之先进，组织之严密，设施之便利都是同时代其Today,anyonewhoknowsalittlebitaboutChinesecultureusuallyknowsaboutChinesecalligraphy.Thisuniqueartisrelatedtowriting,butspeaksofmuchmorethansimple,evenattractive,penmanship.Actually,althoughweuse“calligraphy”torefertothisartofwriting,thisEnglishwordisunabletocoverallitsconnotations.就是书法艺术了。事实上，尽管我们使用英语calligraphy一词来指Unitpage1,para.2;CloisonneisatraditionalartwidelyknowninandoutsideChina.ItisakindofsuperblocalexpertisefromBeijing,whichcombinestheskillsofbronzeart,porcelain,carving,andothertypesoffolkarts.Itisdeemedvaluableintheeyesofcollectors,aswellasprovidingrefinedornamentsfordailyuse.作技巧于一身，是一门道地的北京绝活。它是收藏家收藏的佳品，又SpringFestival(orChineseNewYear)isthemostimportanttraditionalfestivalinChina.Peoplecelebrateitwithlanternsandstreamers,nomatterwheretheylive,inthecountrysideorinthecity.NewYearpicturesareanindispensablepartofthiscelebrationforeachandeveryhousehold.PeopleputupNewYearPicturesintheirhomestoenhancethelivelyfestiveatmosphere.春节是中国最重要的传统节日，一到春节，无论城市农村，人们都要MostNewYearpicturesfeaturedesignssymbolizinggoodfortune,auspiciousness(吉利)andfestivity.ApopularNewYearpictureentitledSurplusinSuccessiveYearsdepictsacuteplumpbabyholdingabigcarp(鲤鱼)inhisarmsandabouquetoflotusflowersinhishand.”Fish”and”surplus”inChinesehavethesamepronunciation(yu).Throughthehomophony(同音异义)ofthetwowords,peopleexpresstheirwishesforaffluent(富裕的)lives.画《连年有鱼》，画一个可爱的胖娃娃，，怀里抱着一条大鲤鱼，手ItiswidelyacknowledgedthatfromMingandQingdynastiesonwards,thereareeightmajorschoolsofcuisinebasedonregionalcooking.theycamefromShandong,Sichuan,Guangdong,Fujian,Jiangsu,Zhejiang,Hunan,andAnhuiprovinces.Inadditiontothesetraditionalcuisines,theculinaryindustryinChinahasundergonegreatchanges,asalmosteveryplacehasitsownlocalspecialties,andthedifferentcuisinesTeaisawonderfulbeverageoriginallyproducedinChinaabout4000yearsago.DuringtheTangDynasty,JapanesemonksintroducedteaseedstoJapan,andbycombiningteawithZenBuddhism,createdtheworld-famousJapaneseteaceremony.Inthe17thcentury,theDutchtooktoEuropetheChinesehabitofteadrinking,whichthenbecameatraditionoftheEuropeans.InEnglandinparticular,peopledevelopedthecustomofafternoontea.Priortothe19thcentury,alltheteaintheworldwasgrowninChina,andeventheEnglishword“tea”wasatransliteration(音译)ofthepronunciationof“tea”intheFujiandialectofChina.TeaisanimportantcontributionoftheChinesepeopletotheworld.饮茶的习惯。唐代时，日本的僧人从中国引入茶种，与同时引入的禅宗思想相结合，形成了闻名世界的日本茶道。17世纪时荷兰人将中都来自中国。英文中茶叶译为tea,就是根据中文的音译(福建方言“茶”的读音)。茶，是中国人对世界的重要贡献。IV.ShortAnswerquestionsdTheSilkRoadfunctionednotonlyasatraderoute,butalsoasabridgethatlinkedtheancientcivilizationsofChina,India,theMesopotamianplains,Egypt,andGreece.Italsohelpedtopromotetheexchangeofscienceandtechnologybetweeneastandwest.TheSilkRoadservedasthemainchannelforancientChinatoopenuptotheoutsideworld,aswellasforfreshimpulsesfromotherculturestoenterthecountry,whichcontributedasignificantsharetotheshapingofChineseculture.印度文明，埃及文明，希腊文明和美索不达米亚文明的纽带。它也为是什么意思？)?Confuciusregarded“filialpietyandfraternalduty”astheessenceofren.TheDoctrineoftheMean(Zhongyong)quotesConfuciusassaying,“Thegreatestloveforpeopleistheloveofone’sparents.”最伟大的爱是父母的爱。”Howdoyouunderstandit(你是怎么理解的？)?Ithinkfilialpietyisthebasisofbeingaman,andparentsarethemostimportantpeopleintheworld.Ourlifeisgivenbyourparents,andweshouldalwaysbegratefultoourparents.我认为孝顺是成为人的基础，父母是世界上最重要的人。我们的illustrateitwithanexample(儒家“生命”哲学强调什么？请举例说明。).alllivingthingsareemphasized.。4.WhatistheattitudeoftheTangDynastytowardothercultures(唐代对其他文化的态度如何？)?TangDynastytoleratedandabsorbedelementsfromallforeigncultures. 代的欧洲探险家相比最伟大的？)?Becausecomparedwiththoseexplorers,ZhengHe’svoyagestookplacemuchearlierandonamuchlargerscale.AndZhengHe’sshipswerealsoconstructedwithadvancedtechnologyandcraft.行时间更早，规模更大，郑6.What’sthemeaningof“ren”(仁)(benevolence)accordingto“loveforone’sparents”.nkingtea喝茶的重要因素是什么？)?TheChineseattachgreatimportancetothewater,tealeaves,teasetandfire,whenmakinganddrinkingtea.什么唐代长安被认为是当时世界上最大、最繁荣的国际城市？)?italChangancouldbesaidtobethelargestmetropolisintheworldatthetimebecauseofitsenormoussize,largepopulationandlargenumberofforeignvisitors.唐代长安城规模巨大，人口众多，外来游人众多，可以说是当时likewater么理解上善若水的).“Waternourisheseverythingbutcontendsfornothing”.ToLaozi,humanstendtoseekhigherpositionswhilewateralwaysflowstolowerplaces.Drivenbydesire,humanslikewhatevertheythinkissuperiorwhiledespisingwhatevertheythinkisinferior.Yetwateralwaysflowsdownward.AsthesourceoflifewaternourishesalllivingthingsonEarth.“水善万物而不争。”在老子看来，人往高处走，水往低处流。人和舞蹈有什么共同点？)?BothChinesecalligraphyanddanceinvolvemovementswhichareswift,smoothandelegant,slow,gentleandenchanting.“personsofvirtue”shouldhavesoundcharacterandupliftedminds.Suchpersonsshouldbeabletoshoulderimportantsocialresponsibilitiesandtomakecontributionstosociety.Confuciusregardedloftyideals,greatvirtue,loveofpeople,andthe“sixarts”asthegeneralprinciplesofeducation.Ofthese,virtuewasthemostimportant.“品德人”要有健全的人格和清醒的头脑，这样的人才能承担起对人民的热爱，和“六艺”作为教育的基本原则。其中，美德是最重(郑和下西洋的任务是什么？)?WhenEmperorYonglesentZhengHeonthemissionstotheWesternSeas,heexpectedtoshowofftheprosperityoftheMingEmpireaswellastoputhisidealsintopractice,ofmakingfriendswithandspreadingpeacetoothercountriesnearandfar.永乐皇帝派郑和下西洋，一方面是为了在世人面前显示大明帝国的强盛，另一方面也是为了实现和顺万邦，与远近各国相安无事，以13.Whatdoestheancientsilkroadreferto(古丝绸之路指的是什么？)?TheSilkRoadreferstoatransportrouteconnectingancientChinawithCentralAsia,WestAsia,Africa,andtheEuropeancontinent.Itappearedasearly