浙江杭州市2025-2026学年第二学期高三年级教学质量检测二模英语试题卷 附解析

第1页/共1页绝密★启用前2025学年第二学期杭州市高三年级教学质量检测英语试题2026年4月注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上，录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题：每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段录音读两遍。1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatwillthemandoforthewoman?A.Returnherbooks. B.Buyheracoffee. C.Reviewherplan.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:I’mgoingtothelibrarytoreturnthesebooks.W:Couldyougrabmeacoffeeonyourway?M:Sure,Iwasplanningtowalkthereanyway.2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whathasmostprobablycausedthedelay?A.Heavytraffic. B.Theappfailure. C.Thetruckbreakdown.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:I’vebeenwaitingforthedeliveryforthreehours.M:Thetrackingsystemshowsthedeliverytruckhasn’tmovedforawhile.W:Iknowit’srushhour,butIhopeitarrivesbeforefive.3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatisthewomandoing?A.Doingafitnesstest.B.Checkingintoahotel.C.Goingthroughsecurity.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:Doyouhaveanykeysormetalitemsinyourpockets?W:No,Idon’t.M:Okay.Pleaseplaceyourcarry-onbagonthebeltandwalkthroughthescanner.4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Ataservicedesk.B.Inanelectronicsstore.C.Inacomputerclassroom.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:Ilikethislaptop,butIprefertheonewiththelargerscreen.W:Youcanexchangeitbypayingthepricedifference.M:WhereshouldIgo?W:Theservicedeskisdownstairs.5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whosuggestedtryingthechocolate?A.Theman. B.Thetourguide. C.Thewoman’smother.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:ThefoodinMexicowasincredible.Ourtourguidetalkedusintotryingthetraditionalchocolatewithpeppers,andmymumtriedsome.M:Ibetyoumusthavetriedittoo.第二节（共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段录音读两遍。听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】6.Whatisthemandoing?A.Polishinghiswriting.B.Registeringonawebsite.C.Checkinghisbankaccountdetails.7.Whatisthewomantryingtodo?A.Persuadethemannottowastetime.B.Helpthemanimprovehiswritingskills.C.Stopthemanfromgivingawaypersonalinformation.【答案】6.B7.C【解析】【原文】M:Hey,thiswebsitesaysithelpsimproveourwritingforfree.I’msigningupnow.W:Soundsuseful.Whatdoyouneedtoenter?M:Justbasicinfo,likenameandbirthdayandbankdetails,plusacreditcardnumber.W:Wait!Creditcard,ifit’sfree,whyaskforthat?That’sreallysuspicious.M:Maybeit’sjustforfutureupdates.Ireallywanttotrythisout.W:It’saclassicwarning.I’mshuttingdownyourcomputer.Ican’twatchmybrothergettrickedlikethis.听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】8.Whatdidthemandolastnight?A.Heenjoyedaplaylive.B.Heperformedinaplay.C.Hewatchedalivebroadcast.9.Whatdoesthemanimplyaboutstudentstoday?A.Theyliketowatchshowsinperson.B.Theydon’treadtheoriginaltextsenough.C.Theyhavemoreopportunitiestoseeliveplays.10.Whatisthewomanconcernedabout?A.Studentsskippingreading.B.Studentsmisinterpretingplays.C.Studentsshowinglessinterestinplays.【答案】8.A9.C10.A【解析】【原文】W:SoTom,howwastheShakespeareplaylastnight?Iheardyoumanagedtogetagreatseat.M:Yeah,rightinthefrontrow.Itwasamazing!Watchingitlivereallybroughtthestorytolife.W:Icanimagine.Whenwewerestudents,hardlyanyonegottoseeperformancesinperson.M:Thesedays,theatersnotonlystagemoreplays,butalsoofferdiscountsforstudents.W:That’sgood,butIworrysomestudentsmightrelyonlyonwatching.M:Iseeyourpoint.Liveshowsareexciting,buttheycan’treplacethedepththatcomesfromreadingtheoriginaltext.W:Exactly.Iguessthebestapproachisamixofboth.听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】11.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Tidyingupthegarage.B.Planningacampingtrip.C.Preparingforanemergency.12.Whathasthemanpacked?A.Flashcards. B.Energybars. C.Creditcards.13.Wheredoesthewomanprefertostay?A.Athome. B.Inashelter. C.Atacampsite.【答案】11.C12.B13.A【解析】【原文】W:Hey,Tim,whyareyouinyourgaragesoearly?What’sallthatfor?Acampingtrip?M:Notexactly.I’mputtingtogether72-houremergencykitsformyfamily.W:Emergencykits?Wow,youreallythinkit’sthatbad?M:Idon’tthinkit’sbad.Ijustthinkit’sunpredictable.Threedayswithoutpowerorwatercanfeellikeforever.W:Sowhat?You’replanningtoliveonsurvivalfood?M:Notexactlysimplestuff—energybars,bottledwater,aflashlight,somecash.Creditcardsareuselessifthesystem’sdown.W:Okay,thatpartactuallymakessense.M:Andshelter’sanotherissue.Youmightbesenttoacrowdedcenterornowhereatall.W:Thatsoundsmiserable.I’drathertakemychancesathome.M:Fairenough,buthavingoptionsbeatshavingnone.听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】14.Whoistheman?A.Ahelplineadvisor. B.Aschoolteacher. C.Apersonaltrainer.15.Whatmakesthewomanfeelbad?A.Tryingtopleasefamily.B.Comparingherselfonline.C.Beinggluedtoherphone.16.Whatdoesthemansuggest?A.Improvingonlineimages.B.Stoppingusingsocialmedia.C.Focusingonreal-lifeconnections.17.Whatdoesthewomanthinksheneeds?A.Someonetocomforther.B.Morefamilysupport.C.Somealonetime.【答案】14.A15.B16.C17.A【解析】【原文】M:Hello.You’respeakingwithatrainedlistenerontheholidayhotline.HowcanIhelpyou?W:Hi,I’mfeelingreallystressedthisholidayseason.EverytimeIlookthroughsocialmedia,Iseealltheseperfectfamilyphotos,decorationsandgifts.IjustfeellikeI’mnotdoingenough.M:Iunderstandmanypeoplefeelthatway.Lotsofpeoplefeelpressuretomaketheirholidaysperfectbecauseofwhattheyseeonline.Howisthataffectingyou?W:Well,I’mtryingtospendtimewithmyfamilypreparingmeals,butIfeelcompletelyexhausted.EventhoughIknowthesepostsaren’treallife,Ican’tstopcomparing.M:That’sverycommon.Enjoyingthemomentismoreimportantthantryingtomatchonlineimages.Sometimes,puttingyourphoneawayandengagingwithpeopledirectlycanhelpreducestress.W:I’lltrythat.IguessIjustneedsomeonetoremindmeit’sokaynottobeperfect.M:Exactly.You’renotalone,andtakingcareofyourselfiswhatreallymatters.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】18.Whatisthespeaker’sfavoritetopiconTV?A.Howthehumanbodyworks.B.Howlearningevolveswithage.C.Howthebrainchangeswithlearning.19.Whatdoweknowaboutthespeaker’sbook?A.It’shisfirstbook. B.It’saboutfirstaid. C.IttalksaboutLego.20.Howcanthespeaker’sworkbedescribed?A.Quietbutrewarding.B.Simplebutfascinating.C.Challengingbutinteresting.【答案】18.C19.A20.C【解析】【原文】Speaker1:HiJohn,thankyouforhavingmeontheWeeklyJuniorPodcasttoday.Speaker2:Hieveryone.I’mDr.Ronx.YoumightknowmefromtheTVshowOperationOuch,whereIshowkidshowthehumanbodyworksinafunandeasyway.Ilovesharinginterestingmedicalfacts,butthetopicIlovemostisthebrainandlearning.Ifinditamazinghowourbrainscanadaptwhenwelearnnewthings.Itmeansthatpeopleofanyagecanalwaysimprovetheirknowledge.IrecentlywroteabookcalledAmazingBodies.It’sfulloffascinatingfactsabouthowourbodiesfunction.Writingbookswasacompletelynewexperienceforme,andsometimesquitedifficult,butseeingthefinishedbookwasanamazingmoment.WhenI’mnotfilmingorwriting,Iworkinahospitalaccidentandemergencydepartment.Itcanbetoughattimes,butIenjoythevarietyandhelpingpeoplegetbetter.Andtorelax,IloveplayingwithLegoandIalwaysbelieveyou’renevertoooldtoplay.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。AWeallknowthatindigenoustribes(部落)inrainforestssupportrelativelyfewpeople,buttheymanagerainforestssustainably.Thesecommunitiesserveasguardiansofanancientwisdomandheritagepasseddownthroughgenerations.Theypossessathorough,traditionalknowledgeoftheforestecosystem,usingresourceswithoutexhaustingthem.Bycontrast,thewealthylandowners,largecompaniesandillegalloggers,intheirpursuitoffinancialgain,havedonehugedamage.Theirdeforestationandburningoftropicalrainforestsarealreadyhavingsevereeffectsonglobalclimate,biodiversity,humanhealth,andlocalandregionalsocioeconomics.Facedwiththeseacceleratingimpacts,weurgentlyneedsustainablemanagementofrainforestresources.Amulti-facetedapproachcombiningconservation,sustainableuse,andinternationalcooperationisessentialforrainforestprotection.●Selectiveloggingandreplanting—introducedinMalaysia(Figure1)—avoidsthecompletelydestructiveclearfelling(砍伐).●Ecotourism,suchasinCostaRicaandMalaysia,introducespeopletothenaturalworldandprovideslong-termincometolocalpeopleandgovernments.●Conservationandeducationencouragespreservationofrainforestsinnationalparksandnaturereservesforscientificresearch(e.g.theCauraBasin,Venezuela).●Internationalagreementsrecognizetheglobalimportanceofrainforestsincombatingclimatechange.Theyinclude“debt-for-nature-swapping”agreementsunderwhichsomedonorcountriesandorganisationsreducetheirdebtrepaymentdemandsinreturnforcallingastoptodestructivelogging.TheForestStewardshipCouncil(FSC)promotessustainablymanagedforestrythrougheducationprogrammesanditsFSC-labelledproducts.21.Whathascausedseriousdamagetorainforests?A.Profit-drivenactivities. B.Traditionalfarmingpractices.C.Thedeclineoflocaleconomy. D.Deforestationbyindigenoustribes.22.AccordingtoFigure1,howlongdoesforestregenerationtakebeforethenextcycle?A.3-6months. B.10-15years. C.30-40years. D.60-70years.23.Whichpracticereflectsglobalcollaborationinrainforestmanagement?A.Selectivelogging. B.Debt-for-natureswaps.C.Developingecotourism. D.Establishingnaturalparks.【答案】21.A22.C23.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了热带雨林面临的破坏现状，指出原住民部落的可持续管理与逐利活动的破坏形成鲜明对比，并列举了多种热带雨林保护措施，同时通过流程图展示了马来西亚选择性伐木的完整周期。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Bycontrast,thewealthylandowners,largecompaniesandillegalloggers,intheirpursuitoffinancialgain,havedonehugedamage.Theirdeforestationandburningoftropicalrainforestsarealreadyhavingsevereeffectsonglobalclimate,biodiversity,humanhealth,andlocalandregionalsocioeconomics.(相比之下，富有的土地所有者、大公司和非法伐木工为了追求经济利益，造成了巨大的破坏。他们对热带雨林的砍伐和焚烧已经对全球气候、生物多样性、人类健康以及地方和区域社会经济产生了严重影响)”可知，由利益驱动的活动对热带雨林造成了严重破坏。故选A。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据图1的流程框，明确标注“30-40yearsTreesregrowuntilreadyfornextcycle(树木重新生长，为下一轮砍伐周期做好准备需要30-40年)”可知，根据图1所示，森林再生需要30-40年才能进入下一个周期。故选C。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据第六段“Internationalagreementsrecognizetheglobalimportanceofrainforestsincombatingclimatechange.Theyinclude“debt-for-nature-swapping”agreementsunderwhichsomedonorcountriesandorganisationsreducetheirdebtrepaymentdemandsinreturnforcallingastoptodestructivelogging.(国际协议认可热带雨林在应对气候变化中的全球重要性，其中包括“债务减免换自然保护”协议，即一些捐助国和组织减少债务偿还要求，以换取停止破坏性伐木)”可知，“债务减免换自然保护”协议体现了热带雨林管理中的全球合作。故选B。BMaya’sdreamswerenotgentle.Theywereinsistent,unfoldingintheblankspacesofheraccountingtextbooksasbrokenlinesofpoetry.Thefuturehadalreadybeendraftedbyherparents:adegreeinbusiness,astablejob,security.Herwritingwasa“pleasanthobby,”aphrasethatmadeherpenfeellikeaghostinherhand.Theconflictwasnotasingleconversationbutaquiet,constantpressure.Herfathersawhernotebooksasevidenceofadangerous,riskyworld.Hermotherworriedthestorieswereanescapefromareallifethatdemandedpracticalthings.Mayacomplied,studyingspreadsheetsbyday,butatnight,shefedablogunderafalsename.Thatwasherrealvoice,awhisperedrebellion(反抗).Yet,theoutsideworldofferednosanctuary.ThecommentsonherblogfeltlikeanX-ray.Theotherwritersattheworkshopssheattendedcriticizedherworkwithatoneshecouldn’tbear.Rejectionsfrommagazinescarriedasharperpain—theyweren’tjustrejectingahobby,buttherefinedcraftshe’dworkedsohardfor!Then,amomentofrecognitionstruck,thoughitcamewithitsowncost.Aliteraryjournalacceptedastory—butrequestedthoroughrevisionsthatwouldtakeapartitshopefulending.Foraweek,Mayawrestledwithit,feelinglikerefusing.Finally,sherewroteit.Thenewendingheldbothloveanddistance,ambitionandsacrifice.Itwaspublished.Afterthat,shebeganvolunteeringatacommunitycenter,notasafamousauthor,butasafellowstruggler.Sheshowedteenagersherearlydrafts,fullofredinkanddoubt.“Theconflictisn’ttheobstacletoyourdream,”she’dtellthem.“It’sthematerial.Don’twriteafairytale.Writethestorm.Andthen,writethepersonlearningtostandintherain.”Herinkwasnolongerjustfordreams.Itwasformappingtherisky,beautiful,andcompletelyuniqueterritoryofareallifebeinglived.24.WhatistherootofMaya’sinnerstruggle?A.Choosingbetweentwostablejobs. B.Livingadoublelifebetweenworkandfamily.C.Balancingherdreamwithfamily’sexpectations. D.Seekingabalancebetweenrealityandfantasy.25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“complied”inparagraph2mean?A.Obeyed. B.Panicked. C.Protested. D.Wondered.26.WhatmightMayalearnfromhersubmissionexperience?A.Gettingpublishedisn’thard. B.Standingyourgroundisavirtue.C.Youhavetopayafeetogetrecognized. D.Youhavetocompromisesometimestosucceed.27.WhatisMaya’sadvicetotheteenagers?A.Choosepropermaterial. B.Turnstormsintostories.C.Buildcastlebeforedreaming. D.Dreambiganddaretofail.【答案】24.C25.A26.D27.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。玛雅在父母规划的现实与写作梦想间挣扎，默默创作屡遭挫折，修改作品后发表，最终以自身经历鼓励青少年书写人生风雨。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Thefuturehadalreadybeendraftedbyherparents:adegreeinbusiness,astablejob,security.Herwritingwasa“pleasanthobby,”aphrasethatmadeherpenfeellikeaghostinherhand.(她的父母早已为她的未来规划好了：攻读商科学位，找到一份稳定的工作，过上安稳的生活。而她的写作只是“一项令人愉快的爱好”，这句话让她手中的笔仿佛成了一个幽灵)”可知，玛雅内心挣扎的根源是将自己的梦想与家人的期望相平衡。故选C。【25题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“studyingspreadsheetsbyday,butatnight,shefedablogunderafalsename.Thatwasherrealvoice,awhisperedrebellion(白天她忙着研究电子表格，而晚上她则以假名撰写博客。那才是她真实的声音，一种低语般的反抗之声)”可知，她顺从父母安排，白天她忙着研究电子表格，而晚上她则以假名撰写博客。故划线词意思是“顺从”。故选A。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Then,amomentofrecognitionstruck,thoughitcamewithitsowncost.Aliteraryjournalacceptedastory—butrequestedthoroughrevisionsthatwouldtakeapartitshopefulending.Foraweek,Mayawrestledwithit,feelinglikerefusing.Finally,sherewroteit.Thenewendingheldbothloveanddistance,ambitionandsacrifice.Itwaspublished.(随后，一种恍然大悟的感觉油然而生，但这也付出了代价。一家文学杂志接受了她的一篇故事，但要求进行彻底的修改，这会将故事中美好的结局拆解掉。整整一周，玛雅都在为此纠结，她甚至想过拒绝。最终，她还是重写了这篇故事。新的结局既包含了爱与距离，也包含了追求与牺牲。故事得以发表)”可知，玛雅从她的提交经历中学到有时你必须做出妥协才能取得成功。故选D。【27题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Writethestorm.Andthen,writethepersonlearningtostandintherain.(写下那场暴风雨。然后，再写下那个逐渐学会在雨中站立的人)”可知，玛雅建议青少年们将风暴转化为故事。故选B。CInrecentyears,consumershaveincreasinglysought“clean-label”foods—productsmadewithnaturalingredients.Thistrendhasdrivenscientiststosearchforsafe,naturalpreservatives.Theyhaveturnedtheirattentiontoapartofthecashewnut(腰果)thatisoftenthrownaway—theshell.Fromit,theyextractCashewNutShellLiquid(CNSL)andfindthatitcontainsspecialnaturalsubstancesthatcanfightbacteriaandpreventdecay(变质).Whilethisdarkliquidhasbeenstudiedforuseinindustrieslikepaintandmedicine,itspotentialforpreservingfoodhadnotbeenfullyexploreduntilnow.ThescientistsdesignedacarefulexperimenttotestwhetherCNSLcouldhelppreservebeef,oneofthemostwidelyconsumedmeatsglobally.Theyappliedtheliquidtobeefsamplesatdifferentconcentrations.Somemeatwasleftuntreatedascontrols.Thesampleswerethenstoredunderdifferentconditions—someatroomtemperatureandothersinrefrigeration—fortwoweeks.Duringstorage,adetailedmicrobiologicalevaluationwasconductedtoquantifytotalviable(活菌)countsandspecificspoilageorganisms,includingPseudomonasspp.,Clostridiumspp.,andProteusspp.PhysicochemicalanalysesmonitoredchangesinpHandwateractivity,whilebacteriagrowthwasassessedduringstorageatroomtemperature.ThescientistsdiscoveredthattheCNSL-treatedmeatshowedsignificantlylessbacterialgrowththanuntreatedmeat.Theeffectwasstrongestathigherconcentrations,witha2.0%solutionprovidingexcellentprotectionwhilemaintainingmeatquality.Evenatroomtemperature,iteffectivelydelayedthemeat’ssouringprocessandreducedbacteriagrowth,helpingthebeefstayfresh-lookinglonger.Theresearchersnotethatfurtherstudiesareneededtounderstandwhethertheliquidaffectsthetasteandtextureofthebeef,andhowitmightbecombinedwithmodernpackagingforevenbetterresults.Still,thisstudyopensawindowintonature’sownwayofkeepingfoodfresh—hiddeninsideahumblecashewshell.28.Whyarescientistsstudyingcashewnutshells?A.Toreducewasteinthefoodindustry.B.Toimprovethetasteofprocessedfoods.C.Tofindnaturalalternativestoartificialpreservatives.D.Todevelopnewindustrialmaterialsforpaintandmedicine.29.Whatwastheprimaryfocusofthemicrobiologicalevaluation?A.Thevarietyofcashewspecies. B.Thesafetyofrefrigeratedbeef.C.ThechangesinpHandwateractivity. D.TheeffectivenessofCNSLagainstbacteria.30.WhatdoestheexperimentsuggestaboutCNSL?A.Itcanimprovemeatqualityovertime.B.Itperformsbestatroomtemperature.C.Itspeedsupthemeat’ssouringprocess.D.Itsconcentrationandthestoragelifearecloselyrelated.31.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthefutureofCNSL?A.Fullyconvinced. B.Cautiouslyoptimistic.C.Hesitantanddoubtful. D.Neutralandobjective.【答案】28.C29.D30.D31.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了科学家从腰果壳中提取天然物质用于肉类保鲜的研究。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Thistrendhasdrivenscientiststosearchforsafe,naturalpreservatives.Theyhaveturnedtheirattentiontoapartofthecashewnut(腰果)thatisoftenthrownaway—theshell.(这一趋势促使科学家们寻找安全、天然的防腐剂。他们把注意力转向了腰果中经常被扔掉的一部分——果壳)”可知，科学家研究腰果壳是为了寻找人工防腐剂的天然替代品。故选C。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Duringstorage,adetailedmicrobiologicalevaluationwasconductedtoquantifytotalviable(活菌)countsandspecificspoilageorganisms,includingPseudomonasspp.,Clostridiumspp.,andProteusspp.PhysicochemicalanalysesmonitoredchangesinpHandwateractivity,whilebacteriagrowthwasassessedduringstorageatroomtemperature.ThescientistsdiscoveredthattheCNSL-treatedmeatshowedsignificantlylessbacterialgrowththanuntreatedmeat.(在储存过程中，进行了详细的微生物评估，以量化总活菌数和特定的腐败菌，包括假单胞菌属、梭菌属和变形杆菌属。理化分析监测了pH值和水分活性的变化，同时在室温下储存期间评估了细菌的生长情况。科学家们发现，经CNSL处理的肉类比未经处理的肉类细菌生长明显更少)”可知，微生物评估的主要焦点是CNSL对细菌的抑制效果。故选D。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“Theeffectwasstrongestathigherconcentrations,witha2.0%solutionprovidingexcellentprotectionwhilemaintainingmeatquality.Evenatroomtemperature,iteffectivelydelayedthemeat’ssouringprocessandreducedbacteriagrowth,helpingthebeefstayfresh-lookinglonger.(这种效果在较高浓度下最强，2.0%的溶液在保持肉质的同时提供了极好的保护。即使在室温下，它也有效地延缓了肉的变酸过程，减少了细菌的生长，帮助牛肉保持新鲜，看起来更久)”可知，实验表明CNSL的浓度与保鲜效果密切相关，浓度越高效果越好。故选D。【31题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Theresearchersnotethatfurtherstudiesareneededtounderstandwhethertheliquidaffectsthetasteandtextureofthebeef,andhowitmightbecombinedwithmodernpackagingforevenbetterresults.Still,thisstudyopensawindowintonature’sownwayofkeepingfoodfresh—hiddeninsideahumblecashewshell.(研究人员指出，需要进一步的研究来了解这种液体是否会影响牛肉的味道和质地，以及如何将其与现代包装相结合以获得更好的效果。尽管如此，这项研究还是打开了一扇窗户，让我们了解大自然自己保持食物新鲜的方式——隐藏在一个不起眼的腰果壳里)”可知，作者认为研究虽需深入，但对CNSL的潜力持谨慎乐观态度。故选B。DAreweabouttouseGeneEditingTechnologytogrowwings?WillweallbeuploadingourbrainstotheAmazoncloud?Ifyoulovescienceandengineering,sci-fiistheplaceyouturntoimaginetheanswers.Theproblemisthatmanypeoplearegettingthewrongmessagesfromthesevisionsoftomorrow.Therearetwomainwaysthatpeoplemisreadsci-fi.Let’sstartwiththesimplerone,knownastheTormentNexusProblem.Coinedina2021tweet,itreferstoasituationinwhichpeoplereadorwatchasci-fistorybutfocusonitsfuturistictech—which,intheoriginalstories,isoftentheverysourceofhumansuffering—ratherthanthestory’sactualpoint.Asaresult,yougetbillionairePeterThielco-foundingacompanycalledPalantir,namedafterthefantasytechofthe“seeingstones”inTheLordoftheRingsthatdrivetheiruserstoevilandmadness.Palantir’sproductshaverecentlybeenusedinairstrikesonGaza.TheauthorJ.R.R.Tolkienwouldnotbeamused.ThesecondmajorwaypeoplemisreadsciencefictioncouldbecalledtheBlueprintProblem.Essentially,it’sthemistakenideathatsci-fiprovidesanexactmodelforwhatiscomingnextandifwecopywhathappensinsci-fi,wewillarriveinagloriousfuture.TheBlueprintProbleminspiredalotofearlyspaceprogrammesinthe1950s,whichprioritisedputtinghumansintospaceratherthanexploringitremotelywithroboticspacecraft.WeweretoldAIwouldbecomeourobedientservantsandbrilliantexpertsinsomuchsci-fioverthepastcentury,makingrobocopsandholographic(全息的)doctorsseeminevitable—buttheyaren’t.Sciencefictionisn’tamaporaprescription.Instead,itisaworldview,awayofapproachingproblemswiththeunderlyingassumptionthatthingsdon’thavetobethewaytheyare.Thefutureisn’tpredetermined;it’saprocess,andpeopleareactivelyshapingit.32.Thementionof“Palantir”servestoshowthat__________.A.Tolkien’sworkhasinspiredreal-worldevilB.name-choosingisvitalforacompany’simageC.sci-fiservesasapracticalguideforinventorsD.thesci-fistory’struemessageoftengoesunnoticed33.Whatisthe“BlueprintProblem”asdescribedinparagraph3?A.Havingrobotstakeoverhumanjobs. B.Viewingsci-fiasaperfectfuturemodel.C.Expectingauthorstoengineerrealtech. D.Favoringrobotsoverastronautsinspace.34.Whatdoestheauthorimplyinthelastparagraph?A.Sci-fiexposestheessenceofthings. B.Sci-fiisarigidguideforfutureplanning.C.Sci-fiisamindsetforre-examiningreality. D.Sci-fipredictsspecifictechnologicaloutcomes.35.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthepassage?A.TheMisreadingTrapsofSci-Fi B.TheHiddenDangersofSci-FiC.TheMoralDilemmasinSci-Fi D.TheTechnologicalFantasiesofSci-Fi【答案】32.D33.B34.C35.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章指出人们常误读科幻，存在痛苦联结与蓝图两大问题，强调科幻非规划图，而是审视现实、塑造未来的思维方式。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Therearetwomainwaysthatpeoplemisreadsci-fi.Let’sstartwiththesimplerone,knownastheTormentNexusProblem.Coinedina2021tweet,itreferstoasituationinwhichpeoplereadorwatchasci-fistorybutfocusonitsfuturistictech—which,intheoriginalstories,isoftentheverysourceofhumansuffering—ratherthanthestory’sactualpoint.Asaresult,yougetbillionairePeterThielco-foundingacompanycalledPalantir,namedafterthefantasytechofthe“seeingstones”inTheLordoftheRingsthatdrivetheiruserstoevilandmadness.Palantir’sproductshaverecentlybeenusedinairstrikesonGaza.TheauthorJ.R.R.Tolkienwouldnotbeamused.(人们误读科幻作品主要有两种方式。我们先从较简单的一种说起，它被称为痛苦联结问题。这一说法诞生于2021年的一条推文，指的是人们在阅读或观看科幻故事时，只关注其中的未来科技，而在原作里，这些科技往往正是人类苦难的根源，却忽略了故事真正想要表达的主旨。于是就出现了这样的情况：亿万富翁彼得·蒂尔联合创立了一家名为帕兰提尔的公司，名字取自《指环王》中的真知晶球这一奇幻设定，而这种晶石在原著中会驱使使用者走向邪恶与疯狂。帕兰提尔公司的产品近期被用于加沙空袭。作者J.R.R.托尔金若泉下有知，定然不会感到欣慰)”可知，提到“帕兰提尔”这一概念是为了表明科幻故事的真正内涵往往被人们忽视了。故选D。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“ThesecondmajorwaypeoplemisreadsciencefictioncouldbecalledtheBlueprintProblem.Essentially,it’sthemistakenideathatsci-fiprovidesanexactmodelforwhatiscomingnextandifwecopywhathappensinsci-fi,wewillarriveinagloriousfuture.(人们误解科幻作品的第二种主要方式可以称为“蓝图问题”。从本质上讲，这是一种错误的观点，即认为科幻作品为我们描绘了未来发展的精确蓝图，如果我们照搬科幻作品中的情节，就能迎来一个美好的未来)”可知，第三段中所描述的“蓝图问题”是指将科幻作品视为完美的未来模式。故选B。【34题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Sciencefictionisn’tamaporaprescription.Instead,itisaworldview,awayofapproachingproblemswiththeunderlyingassumptionthatthingsdon’thavetobethewaytheyare.Thefutureisn’tpredetermined;it’saprocess,andpeopleareactivelyshapingit.(科幻小说并非是一张地图或一份处方。相反，它是一种世界观，是一种解决问题的方式，其核心假设是事物并非必然如此。未来并非是注定不变的；它是个过程，而人们正在积极地塑造它)”可知，作者想要表达科幻是一种重新审视现实的思维方式。故选C。【35题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“AreweabouttouseGeneEditingTechnologytogrowwings?WillweallbeuploadingourbrainstotheAmazoncloud?Ifyoulovescienceandengineering,sci-fiistheplaceyouturntoimaginetheanswers.Theproblemisthatmanypeoplearegettingthewrongmessagesfromthesevisionsoftomorrow.(我们是不是即将利用基因编辑技术来培育翅膀？我们是不是都要将自己的大脑上传至亚马逊云端？如果你热爱科学与工程，科幻作品就是你用来畅想未来答案的地方。但问题在于，许多人从这些关于未来的想象中获取到了错误的信息)”结合文章指出人们常误读科幻，存在痛苦联结与蓝图两大问题，强调科幻非规划图，而是审视现实、塑造未来的思维方式。可知，A选项“科幻作品中的误读陷阱”最符合文章标题。故选A。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Streetnameshelpusfigureoutwhereweare.Thiscanbeunderstoodbothliterallyandmetaphorically.Somenames,like125thStreet,arejustdescriptions.Butoften,streetsarenamedafterpeople,whichplacesusinahistoricalorpoliticalcontexttoo.NotfarfromwheremybrotherlivesinnorthLondonisastreetcalledKitchenerRoad.Justbehindthelamppostwasanoldsign,madeofthickiron,bearingthename.____36____Thatsignseemstosaythispersonwasandstillisdeservingofrecognition.ButKitchenerRoadremindedmeofBritain’shistoryofcolonial(殖民地的)rule,astheKitchener(1850-1916)wasacruelBritishmilitaryofficeracrossAsiaandAfrica.Sayingstreetnamesaremarkersofhistoryattractstwotypesofcriticism.Oneisthatit’snothingmorethanastorminateacup.Streetnamesdon’treallymatter.____37____Buthonoringpeopleresponsibleforkillingthroughstreetnamespreservesacelebratoryviewofthatpastandnormalisesitindailylife.Sowhatshouldwedo?____38____AnotheroptionistheAmsterdamapproach.There,astreethonoringanti-apartheid(反种族隔离)leaderAlbertLuthulihasasignnoting:“Formerly:LouisBothastreet,”namedafteraprimeministerofcolonialSouthAfrica.Wheresuchnamesremain,peoplearecreatingwalkingtourstoprovidefullcontext.InGlasgow,atourwasorganizedtomakepeopleknowaboutthecity’sroleintheenslavementof