2026年南京大学医药类考研真题及答案解析

2026年南京大学医药类考研真题及答案解析考试说明：1.适配南京大学医药类学术型硕士（药学、中药学、基础医学、临床医学等）与专业型硕士（药学硕士、中药学硕士、临床医学硕士等），贴合院校自命题风格，兼顾核心基础考点与2026年前沿命题趋势（如智能药学、精准医疗、中药现代化等）；2.公共课聚焦医药类考生常考科目（思想政治理论、英语一/二、数学二/化学），专业课聚焦南京大学医药类核心教材（《药理学》《药剂学》《药物化学》《中药学》《基础医学综合》等）；3.题型严格遵循南京大学历年命题规律，涵盖选择题、填空题、名词解释、简答题、论述题、计算题（化学/数学）、案例分析题，解析侧重考点延伸、解题思路及院校命题偏好，助力考生精准备考；4.参考2025年南京大学医药类考研修订大纲及2026年命题导向，减少纯记忆性考点，强化综合应用、案例分析及前沿热点结合能力，贴合院校“基础扎实、注重实践、聚焦前沿”的命题特点。第一部分公共课（医药类考生常考版本，适配南京大学命题偏好）一、思想政治理论（满分100分）（一）单项选择题（每题1分，共16分）1.马克思主义哲学中，实践的基本特征不包括（）A.客观物质性B.主观能动性C.社会历史性D.直接现实性2.下列关于矛盾普遍性与特殊性的表述，正确的是（）A.矛盾普遍性寓于特殊性之中，特殊性包含普遍性B.矛盾普遍性与特殊性相互独立，互不关联C.矛盾普遍性是特殊性的具体表现D.矛盾特殊性决定矛盾普遍性3.中国特色社会主义进入新时代，我国发展的根本目的是（）A.实现中华民族伟大复兴B.增进民生福祉C.建设社会主义现代化强国D.推动高质量发展4.全面依法治国的总目标是（）A.建设中国特色社会主义法治体系，建设社会主义法治国家B.坚持党的领导、人民当家作主、依法治国有机统一C.实现科学立法、严格执法、公正司法、全民守法D.维护社会公平正义、保障人民合法权益5.我国卫生健康事业发展的根本遵循是（）（贴合医药类热点）A.人民至上、生命至上B.预防为主、防治结合C.中西医并重D.优质高效、公平可及6.下列关于科技创新的表述，错误的是（）A.科技创新是提高社会生产力和综合国力的战略支撑B.医药领域科技创新是推动医药产业高质量发展的核心动力C.科技创新不需要结合实践需求，专注理论突破即可D.我国高度重视医药科技创新，助力健康中国建设7.马克思主义中国化时代化的最新成果是（）A.毛泽东思想B.邓小平理论C.习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想D.“三个代表”重要思想8.社会主义市场经济体制的核心是（）A.市场在资源配置中起决定性作用，更好发挥政府作用B.坚持公有制为主体、多种所有制经济共同发展C.坚持按劳分配为主体、多种分配方式并存D.实现共同富裕9.下列关于“健康中国”战略的表述，正确的是（）（贴合医药类）A.健康中国战略仅关注疾病治疗，不重视预防保健B.推进健康中国建设，要坚持中西医并重，促进中医药传承创新发展C.健康中国战略与医药类专业人才培养无关D.健康中国建设不需要科技创新支撑10.中国共产党成立的历史意义不包括（）A.彻底结束了旧中国半殖民地半封建社会的历史B.中国革命有了坚强的领导核心C.中国革命的面貌焕然一新D.开启了中国特色社会主义新时代11.下列关于道德与法治的关系，正确的是（）A.道德与法治相互对立，不可兼容B.道德是法治的基础，法治是道德的保障C.法治不需要道德支撑，仅靠强制力即可D.道德可以替代法治，发挥规范作用12.我国的基本医疗卫生制度的核心是（）（贴合医药类）A.公共卫生服务体系B.医疗服务体系C.基本医疗保障体系D.药品供应保障体系13.下列关于形势与政策的表述，正确的是（）（2025-2026年医药类热点）A.我国推动医药产业创新发展，加快新药研发和医疗器械国产化B.我国不重视中医药传承创新，侧重西医发展C.精准医疗技术未应用于临床实践D.医药行业不需要规范管理，完全依靠市场调节14.马克思主义政治经济学中，商品价值的实体是（）A.具体劳动B.抽象劳动C.使用价值D.交换价值15.我国经济发展的主题是（）A.高质量发展B.高速增长C.扩大内需D.供给侧结构性改革16.下列关于文化自信的表述，错误的是（）A.中医药文化是中华优秀传统文化的重要组成部分，是文化自信的重要体现B.文化自信不需要吸收外来优秀文化成果C.文化自信是更基础、更广泛、更深厚的自信D.传承和弘扬医药文化，有助于增强文化自信（二）多项选择题（每题2分，共34分）17.下列关于马克思主义的表述，正确的有（）A.马克思主义是科学的世界观和方法论B.马克思主义是不断发展的开放的理论C.马克思主义的理论来源包括德国古典哲学、英国古典政治经济学和英法空想社会主义D.马克思主义适用于一切时代，无需结合具体实际18.下列关于物质与意识的关系，正确的有（）A.物质决定意识，意识是物质的反映B.意识对物质具有能动的反作用，正确的意识促进物质发展C.意识可以脱离物质独立存在D.物质与意识相互依存、相互转化19.健康中国战略的主要任务包括（）（贴合医药类）A.全方位全周期保障人民健康B.加强公共卫生体系建设C.推进医药产业创新发展D.促进中医药传承创新20.下列关于中医药发展的表述，正确的有（）（2026年热点）A.坚持中西医并重，推动中医药与西医药相互补充、协调发展B.加强中医药科技创新，推进中药现代化、国际化C.保护中医药文化遗产，传承中医药经典技艺D.中医药仅适用于慢性病治疗，不适用于急症救治21.下列关于党的建设的表述，正确的有（）A.党的政治建设是党的根本性建设B.思想建设是党的基础性建设C.作风建设的核心是保持党同人民群众的血肉联系D.纪律建设是全面从严治党的重要保障22.下列关于医药科技创新的表述，正确的有（）（贴合2026年命题热点）A.新药研发是医药科技创新的核心内容之一B.智能药学、精准医疗是医药科技创新的重要方向C.医药科技创新需要加强产学研协同合作D.医药科技创新无需考虑伦理规范23.社会主义核心价值观的内容包括（）A.国家层面：富强、民主、文明、和谐B.社会层面：自由、平等、公正、法治C.公民层面：爱国、敬业、诚信、友善D.行业层面：创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享24.下列关于经济全球化的表述，正确的有（）A.经济全球化是不可逆转的时代潮流B.医药行业的全球化合作有助于推动新药研发和医疗技术进步C.经济全球化只带来机遇，不带来挑战D.我国积极参与医药行业全球化，提升国际竞争力25.下列关于公共卫生体系建设的表述，正确的有（）（贴合医药类）A.公共卫生体系包括疾病预防控制、健康教育、应急处置等内容B.加强公共卫生体系建设，有助于提升重大疾病防控能力C.公共卫生体系建设与医药类专业人才培养密切相关D.公共卫生工作仅由政府负责，与个人无关26.下列关于马克思主义认识论的表述，正确的有（）A.实践是认识的来源和发展的动力B.实践是检验认识真理性的唯一标准C.认识对实践具有反作用，正确的认识指导实践取得成功D.认识是一个从实践到认识、再从认识到实践的循环往复的过程27.我国医药行业发展的基本原则包括（）（贴合行业政策）A.坚持以人民健康为中心B.坚持创新驱动发展C.坚持质量优先、安全第一D.坚持中西医并重28.下列关于中国近代史的表述，正确的有（）A.鸦片战争是中国近代史的开端B.辛亥革命推翻了封建帝制，建立了中华民国C.抗日战争是中国近代以来第一次取得完全胜利的民族解放战争D.新中国成立标志着中国进入社会主义社会29.下列关于法治与医药行业的关系，正确的有（）A.法治是医药行业健康发展的重要保障B.我国出台了《药品管理法》《中医药法》等法律法规规范医药行业发展C.医药行业的发展无需法治约束，依靠行业自律即可D.加强医药行业法治建设，有助于保障人民用药安全30.下列关于科技创新与健康中国建设的关系，正确的有（）A.科技创新是健康中国建设的重要支撑B.医疗设备创新、新药研发等有助于提升医疗服务水平C.健康中国建设为医药科技创新提供了广阔需求D.科技创新与健康中国建设无关31.下列关于思想道德建设的表述，正确的有（）A.思想道德建设是社会主义精神文明建设的重要内容B.医药工作者的职业道德是思想道德建设的重要组成部分C.思想道德建设的核心是为人民服务D.思想道德建设与医药行业发展无关32.下列关于我国基本医疗保障体系的表述，正确的有（）（贴合医药类）A.基本医疗保障体系包括职工基本医疗保险、城乡居民基本医疗保险等B.基本医疗保障体系有助于减轻群众就医负担C.基本医疗保障覆盖全体公民，实现应保尽保D.基本医疗保障不涵盖药品费用报销33.下列关于2025-2026年医药类热点的表述，正确的有（）A.我国加快推进药品集中采购，降低群众用药成本B.精准医疗、细胞治疗等新兴医疗技术快速发展C.中医药在重大疾病防治中的作用日益凸显D.医药人才短缺问题得到彻底解决（三）材料分析题（每题10分，共50分）34.材料：健康中国建设是关系中华民族永续发展的根本大计，医药行业作为健康中国建设的核心支撑，肩负着保障人民健康、推动医疗事业发展的重要使命。近年来，我国高度重视医药产业创新发展，加快新药研发、医疗器械国产化进程，推进中医药传承创新，加强公共卫生体系建设，完善药品供应保障体系，让优质医疗资源惠及更多群众。同时，我国加强医药行业监管，规范药品生产、流通、使用全流程，保障人民用药安全有效，推动医药行业高质量发展，助力健康中国战略落地实施。问题：（1）结合材料，运用马克思主义唯物论的相关知识，分析我国推动医药行业高质量发展的哲学依据。（4分）（2）结合材料，说明医药行业发展对健康中国建设的重要意义。（3分）（3）结合医药类专业知识，谈谈青年学子应如何践行医者使命，助力健康中国建设。（3分）35.材料：马克思主义中国化时代化是一个不断推进的过程，中国共产党始终坚持把马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际相结合、同中华优秀传统文化相结合，形成了一系列重大理论成果。进入新时代，我国医药行业面临着转型升级的挑战，需要以科学理论为指导，破解新药研发瓶颈、优化医疗资源配置、推进中医药现代化，推动医药行业从“量的积累”向“质的飞跃”转变，为人民健康提供更坚实的保障。问题：（1）结合材料，说明马克思主义中国化时代化对医药行业发展的指导意义。（4分）（2）结合医药行业发展实际，谈谈如何以马克思主义理论为指导，推动医药行业转型升级。（6分）36.材料：新时代医药青年立足专业岗位，扎根医疗一线、科研前沿，深耕新药研发、临床诊疗、公共卫生、中医药传承等领域，不畏艰辛、勇于创新，用专业知识守护人民健康，在平凡的岗位上书写不平凡的青春篇章。在医药科技创新快速发展的今天，医药青年更需要提升专业素养，掌握前沿技术，坚守职业道德，适应行业发展新趋势，为医药行业高质量发展注入青春力量。问题：（1）结合材料，谈谈新时代医药青年应具备的精神品质和专业素养。（4分）（2）结合自身备考与未来发展规划，谈谈你如何做一名合格的新时代医药青年。（6分）37.材料：当前，全球医药产业竞争日趋激烈，新药研发、医疗技术创新成为竞争的核心领域。我国医药行业虽然取得了长足发展，但仍面临核心技术“卡脖子”、创新能力不足、高端医疗设备依赖进口等问题。我国坚持自主创新，加强产学研协同合作，加大医药科技创新投入，突破关键核心技术，提升医药产业国际竞争力；同时，坚持对外开放，加强国际医药合作，引进先进技术和经验，推动我国医药产品走向世界，助力全球公共卫生治理。问题：（1）结合材料，说明我国重视医药科技创新对提升国际竞争力的重要意义。（4分）（2）结合经济全球化背景，谈谈我国医药行业如何加强国际合作，实现高质量发展。（6分）38.材料：全面依法治国是国家治理的一场深刻革命，医药行业的健康发展离不开法治保障。我国先后出台了《药品管理法》《中医药法》《医疗器械监督管理条例》等一系列法律法规，规范药品生产、流通、使用、监管全流程，严厉打击制售假药、劣药等违法违规行为，保障人民用药安全。同时，加强法治宣传教育，提升医药工作者的法治意识，推动形成办事依法、遇事找法、解决问题用法、化解矛盾靠法的良好氛围，为医药行业健康发展提供坚实的法治支撑。问题：（1）结合材料，说明法治在医药行业发展中的重要作用。（4分）（2）结合医药类专业实际，谈谈如何推进医药行业法治建设。（6分）二、英语一（学硕常考，专硕可参考英语二，贴合医药类话题）（满分100分）（一）完形填空（每题0.5分，共10分）Pharmacyisabranchofsciencethatfocusesontheresearch,development,production,anduseofdrugs.Itplaysacrucialroleinprotectinghumanhealthand41thequalityofmedicalservices.Pharmacistsareresponsiblefor42drugssafelyandeffectively,ensuringthatpatientsreceivetherightmedicationattherightdose.Inrecentyears,withtherapiddevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,pharmacyhas43significantchanges.Theemergenceofintelligentpharmacy,precisionmedicine,andtraditionalChinesemedicinemodernizationhas44thewaypharmacistsworkandthedevelopmentdirectionofthepharmaceuticalindustry.Intelligentpharmacyusesartificialintelligenceandbigdatato45drugmanagement,improveworkefficiency,andreducemedicationerrors.Precisionmedicine,whichtailorsmedicaltreatmenttoindividualpatientsbasedontheirgeneticcharacteristics,has46aneweraindrugtreatment.Ithelpstoimprovethecurativeeffectofdrugs,reducesideeffects,and47medicalresources.TraditionalChinesemedicine,withitsuniquetheoreticalsystemandtherapeuticeffects,hasbeen48recognizedworldwide,anditsintegrationwithmodernmedicinehasbecomeanimportant49inthepharmaceuticalindustry.Pharmacyisnotonlyatheoreticalsciencebutalsoapracticalone.It50closelywithclinicalmedicine,publichealth,andotherfields,providingstrongsupportforthepreventionandtreatmentofdiseases.Asthedemandforhealthservicescontinuesto51,pharmacywillplayanincreasinglyimportantroleinpromotinghumanhealthand52thegoalofbuildingahealthysociety.Pharmacistsneedtokeeplearningandupdatingtheirprofessionalknowledgeto53thedevelopmentofthetimes.Theyshouldalsoadheretoprofessionalethics,putpatientsfirst,and54thehigheststandardsofdrugsafetyandquality.Withthejointeffortsofpharmacistsandothermedicalworkers,thepharmaceuticalindustrywillcontinueto55andmakegreatercontributionstohumanhealth.41.A.improvingB.reducingC.limitingD.ignoring42.A.prescribingB.administeringC.distributingD.inventing43.A.undergoneB.avoidedC.refusedD.missed44.A.changedB.preservedC.ignoredD.repeated45.A.complicateB.simplifyC.controlD.regulate46.A.enteredB.endedC.avoidedD.missed47.A.wasteB.conserveC.increaseD.reduce48.A.widelyB.rarelyC.neverD.hardly49.A.trendB.problemC.obstacleD.challenge50.A.connectsB.separatesC.conflictsD.competes51.A.decreaseB.increaseC.stabilizeD.disappear52.A.achievingB.abandoningC.changingD.adjusting53.A.keepupwithB.fallbehindC.stayawayfromD.giveupon54.A.maintainB.lowerC.abandonD.ignore55.A.declineB.developC.stagnateD.regress（二）阅读理解（每题2分，共40分）Text1Precisionmedicineisanemergingmedicalmodelthattailorstreatmenttotheindividualcharacteristicsofeachpatient.Unliketraditionalmedicalmodelsthatadopta“one-size-fits-all”approach,precisionmedicineusesgenetictesting,bigdataanalysis,andothertechnologiestounderstandtheuniquegeneticmakeupanddiseasecharacteristicsofeachpatient,therebyformulatingpersonalizedtreatmentplans.Thedevelopmentofprecisionmedicineiscloselyrelatedtotheadvancementofgeneticsequencingtechnology.Inrecentyears,thecostofgeneticsequencinghasdroppedsignificantly,makingitpossibletoconductlarge-scalegenetictestingandcollectalargeamountofgeneticdata.Thisdata,combinedwithclinicaldata,helpsdoctorsidentifythegeneticfactorsthatcausediseasesandpredicttheeffectofdrugtreatment,thusimprovingthecurativeeffectandreducingsideeffects.Precisionmedicinehasmaderemarkableachievementsinthetreatmentofcancer,cardiovasculardiseases,andotherchronicdiseases.Forexample,inthetreatmentoflungcancer,doctorscandeterminethetypeofcancerbasedonthepatient’sgenetictestresultsandselecttargeteddrugsthataremosteffectiveforthepatient.Thisnotonlyimprovesthesurvivalrateofpatientsbutalsoreducesthepaincausedbyineffectivetreatmentandsideeffects.However,precisionmedicinealsofacessomechallenges.Ontheonehand,thecostofgenetictestingandtargeteddrugsisstillrelativelyhigh,whichlimitsthepopularizationofprecisionmedicine.Ontheotherhand,thereisalackofprofessionaltalentswhoareproficientinbothgeneticsandclinicalmedicine,whichaffectstheapplicationandpromotionofprecisionmedicine.Inthefuture,withthecontinuousadvancementoftechnologyandthereductionofcosts,precisionmedicinewillbewidelyappliedinclinicalpractice.Itwillnotonlychangethewaydiseasesaretreatedbutalsopromotethedevelopmentofthepharmaceuticalindustry,leadingtothedevelopmentofmoretargeteddrugsandpersonalizedmedicalservices.56.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.ThedevelopmentandchallengesofprecisionmedicineB.TheadvantagesoftraditionalmedicalmodelsC.ThehighcostofgenetictestingD.Thetreatmentoflungcancer57.WhichofthefollowingisNOTafeatureofprecisionmedicine?A.TailoringtreatmenttoindividualpatientsB.UsinggenetictestingandbigdataanalysisC.Adoptinga“one-size-fits-all”approachD.Formulatingpersonalizedtreatmentplans58.Whatistherelationshipbetweengeneticsequencingtechnologyandprecisionmedicine?A.GeneticsequencingtechnologyhasnoconnectionwithprecisionmedicineB.GeneticsequencingtechnologyisthefoundationofprecisionmedicineC.PrecisionmedicineisthefoundationofgeneticsequencingtechnologyD.Geneticsequencingtechnologylimitsthedevelopmentofprecisionmedicine59.Whatarethechallengesofprecisionmedicine?A.LowcostofgenetictestingandlackofdrugsB.HighcostandlackofprofessionaltalentsC.LowcurativeeffectandhighsideeffectsD.Noapplicationinclinicalpractice60.Whatwillthefutureofprecisionmedicinebelike?A.ItwillbewidelyappliedinclinicalpracticeB.ItwillbeabandonedduetohighcostC.ItwillnotchangethewaydiseasesaretreatedD.ItwillfocusontraditionaltreatmentmethodsText2TraditionalChinesemedicine(TCM)isanimportantpartofChineseexcellenttraditionalculture,withahistoryofmorethan2,000years.Ithasauniquetheoreticalsystemandtherapeuticmethods,focusingontheoverallconceptandtreatmentbasedonsyndromedifferentiation.Inrecentyears,withtheincreasingattentiontohealth,TCMhasbeenwidelyconcernedandrecognizedworldwide.ThetheoreticalsystemofTCMisbasedontheconceptsofyinandyang,fiveelements,andmeridians.Itholdsthatthehumanbodyisanorganicwhole,andthebalancebetweenyinandyangisthebasisofhealth.Whenthebalanceisdisrupted,diseasesoccur.TCMtreatmentmethodsincludeherbalmedicine,acupuncture,moxibustion,tuina,andotherforms,whichaimtoadjustthebalanceofyinandyanginthehumanbodyandrestorehealth.Inrecentyears,themodernizationofTCMhasmadegreatprogress.ScientistshaveusedmodernscientificandtechnologicalmeanstostudytheeffectivecomponentsofChineseherbalmedicine,clarifyitsmechanismofaction,anddevelopaseriesofmodernChinesemedicinepreparations.Forexample,artemisinin,whichisextractedfromArtemisiaannua,hasbeenwidelyusedinthetreatmentofmalariaandhassavedmillionsoflivesaroundtheworld.ThishasgreatlypromotedtheinternationalizationofTCM.However,thedevelopmentofTCMalsofacessomeproblems.Ontheonehand,thestandardizationofTCMisnothigh,andthequalityofChineseherbalmedicinevaries.Ontheotherhand,theinternationalrecognitionofTCMisstillinsufficient,andthereisalackofunifiedinternationalstandardsforTCMtreatmentmethodsandefficacyevaluation.TopromotethedevelopmentofTCM,itisnecessarytostrengthentheresearchandinnovationofTCM,improvethestandardizationsystemofTCM,andstrengtheninternationalcooperationandexchanges.OnlyinthiswaycanTCMplayagreaterroleinprotectinghumanhealthandmakegreatercontributionstothedevelopmentofglobalmedicalandhealthundertakings.61.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.ThehistoryofTCMB.ThetheoreticalsystemofTCMC.ThedevelopmentandchallengesofTCMD.ThetreatmentmethodsofTCM62.WhatisthetheoreticalbasisofTCM?A.Theconceptsofyinandyang,fiveelements,andmeridiansB.ModernscientificandtechnologicalmeansC.WesternmedicaltheoryD.Theconceptof“one-size-fits-all”treatment63.WhichofthefollowingisaTCMtreatmentmethod?A.GenetictestingB.TargeteddrugtherapyC.AcupunctureD.Surgery64.WhatistheproblemfacingthedevelopmentofTCM?A.HighcostofTCMtreatmentB.LowcurativeeffectofTCMC.InsufficientstandardizationandinternationalrecognitionD.LackofChineseherbalmedicineresources65.HowtopromotethedevelopmentofTCM?A.IgnoremodernscientificandtechnologicalmeansB.Strengthenresearchinnovation,improvestandardization,andstrengtheninternationalcooperationC.AbandonthetraditionaltheoreticalsystemofTCMD.Focusonlyondomesticdevelopment,notinternationalexchangesText3Drugresearchanddevelopment(R&D)isacomplexandtime-consumingprocessthatrequiresalotofinvestmentinfunds,manpower,andmaterials.Itusuallyincludesdrugdiscovery,preclinicalresearch,clinicaltrials,andmarketapproval.Theentireprocesscantake10-15yearsandcostbillionsofdollars,andthesuccessrateisrelativelylow.DrugdiscoveryisthefirststepindrugR&D,whichinvolvesidentifyingpotentialdrugtargetsandscreeningcandidatedrugs.Withthedevelopmentofbiotechnologyandartificialintelligence,theefficiencyofdrugdiscoveryhasbeengreatlyimproved.Forexample,artificialintelligencecanbeusedtosimulatetheinteractionbetweendrugsandtargets,screenalargenumberofcompoundsinashorttime,andidentifypotentialcandidatedrugs.Preclinicalresearchisthesecondstep,whichinvolvestestingcandidatedrugsinvitroandinanimalstoevaluatetheirsafety,efficacy,andpharmacokineticproperties.Thisstepiscrucialtoensurethesafetyofdrugsinclinicaltrials.Ifacandidatedrugfailsinpreclinicalresearch,itwillbeeliminatedinadvance,avoidingunnecessaryinvestmentinclinicaltrials.ClinicaltrialsarethemostimportantstepindrugR&D,whichinvolvestestingdrugsinhumanstoevaluatetheirsafetyandefficacy.Clinicaltrialsaredividedintothreephases:PhaseIfocusesonsafety,PhaseIIfocusesonefficacyanddosage,andPhaseIIIfocusesonlarge-scaleefficacyandsafetyverification.Onlyafterpassingallthreephasesofclinicaltrialscanadrugapplyformarketapproval.Inrecentyears,withthesupportofgovernmentpoliciesandtheadvancementoftechnology,thespeedofdrugR&Dhasbeenaccelerated.Manynewdrugshavebeendevelopedandputonthemarket,bringingnewhopetopatientswithvariousdiseases.However,drugR&Dstillfacesmanychallenges,suchashighcost,lowsuccessrate,andlongcycle.Tosolvetheseproblems,itisnecessarytostrengthen产学研cooperation,increaseinvestmentinscientificresearch,andpromotetheintegrationofnewtechnologiessuchasartificialintelligenceandbiotechnologyintodrugR&D.66.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.ThehighcostofdrugR&DB.TheprocessandchallengesofdrugR&DC.ThesuccessrateofdrugR&DD.TheroleofartificialintelligenceindrugR&D67.WhatisthefirststepindrugR&D?A.PreclinicalresearchB.ClinicaltrialsC.DrugdiscoveryD.Marketapproval68.Whatisthepurposeofpreclinicalresearch?A.TotestdrugsinhumansB.Toevaluatethesafety,efficacy,andpharmacokineticpropertiesofcandidatedrugsC.ToidentifypotentialdrugtargetsD.Toapplyformarketapproval69.Whichphaseofclinicaltrialsfocusesonlarge-scaleefficacyandsafetyverification?A.PhaseIB.PhaseIIC.PhaseIIID.Allphases70.WhatcanbedonetosolvethechallengesofdrugR&D?A.ReduceinvestmentinscientificresearchB.Strengthen产学研cooperationandpromotetechnologyintegrationC.AbandonnewtechnologiessuchasartificialintelligenceD.ShortenthedrugR&DcyclewithoutensuringsafetyText4Publichealthisanimportantpartofmedicalandhealthundertakings,focusingonthehealthofthewholepopulationandthepreventionandcontrolofdiseases.Itincludesdiseasepreventionandcontrol,healtheducation,environmentalhealth,andotherfields,playingacrucialroleinprotectingpublichealthandpromotingsocialdevelopment.Inrecentyears,globalpublichealthemergencieshaveoccurredfrequently,suchastheCOVID-19pandemic,whichhasbroughtgreatchallengestopublichealthsystemsaroundtheworld.Thishasmadecountriesaroundtheworldrealizetheimportanceofstrengtheningpublichealthsystemconstructionandimprovingtheabilitytorespondtopublichealthemergencies.Theconstructionofapublichealthsystemincludestheconstructionofdiseasepreventionandcontrolsystems,emergencyresponsesystems,andhealtheducationsystems.Thediseasepreventionandcontrolsystemisresponsibleformonitoringandearlywarningofdiseases,conductingepidemiologicalinvestigations,andimplementingpreventionandcontrolmeasures.Theemergencyresponsesystemisresponsibleforrespondingtopublichealthemergenciesquickly,organizingmedicaltreatment,andpreventingthespreadofdiseases.Thehealtheducationsystemisresponsibleforpopularizinghealthknowledge,improvingthehealthawarenessofthewholepopulation,andguidingpeopletodevelophealthylivinghabits.Pharmacyplaysanimportantroleinpublichealth.Pharmacistsareresponsibleforensuringthesupplyofdrugs,guidingrationaldruguse,andparticipatingindiseasepreventionandcontrol.Forexample,inthepreventionandcontrolofinfectiousdiseases,pharmacistsareresponsiblefortheallocationandmanagementofantiviraldrugs,vaccines,andothermedicalsupplies,ensuringthattheyaredeliveredtothehandsofthoseinneedinatimelymanner.Inthefuture,withthecontinuousimprovementofpublichealthsystems,theroleofpharmacyinpublichealthwillbecomemoreprominent.Itisnecessarytostrengthenthetrainingofpharmaceuticaltalents,improvethelevelofpharmaceuticalservices,andpromotetheintegrationofpharmacyandpublichealth,soastobetterprotectpublichealthandpromotethehealthydevelopmentofsociety.71.Whatispublichealthfocusedon?A.ThehealthofindividualpatientsB.ThehealthofthewholepopulationanddiseasepreventionandcontrolC.ThetreatmentofchronicdiseasesD.Thedevelopmentofnewdrugs72.Whathasmadecountriesrealizetheimportanceofpublichealthsystemconstruction?A.TherapiddevelopmentofthepharmaceuticalindustryB.ThefrequentoccurrenceofglobalpublichealthemergenciesC.Theimprovementofpeople’slivingstandardsD.Theadvancementofmedicaltechnology73.Whichofthefollowingispartofpublichealthsystemconstruction?A.DrugR&DB.ClinicaltreatmentC.DiseasepreventionandcontrolsystemD.Medicalequipmentproduction74.Whatroledoespharmacyplayinpublichealth?A.EnsuringdrugsupplyandguidingrationaldruguseB.ConductingsurgicaloperationsC.DevelopingnewvaccinesD.Conductingepidemiologicalinvestigations75.Howtobetterplaytheroleofpharmacyinpublichealth?A.ReducethenumberofpharmacistsB.StrengthentalenttrainingandpromotetheintegrationofpharmacyandpublichealthC.IgnorethetrainingofpharmaceuticaltalentsD.Focusonlyondrugsales,notdrugguidance（三）新题型（每题2分，共10分）Directions:Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions76-80,youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherenttextbychoosingfromthelistA-Gandfillingthemintothenumberedboxes.ParagraphsCandFhavebeenplacedforyou.A.Afterthedrugisapprovedformarketing,pharmacistsalsoneedtomonitorthesafetyofthedruginclinicaluse,collectadversereactioninformation,andprovidedrugconsultationservicesforpatients.B.Theprocessofdruguseinvolvesmultiplelinks,fromdrugselectiontodrugadministration,whichrequirestheparticipationofpharmaciststoensuresafetyandeffectiveness.C.Thefirstlinkisdrugselection,wherepharmacistsneedtochoosethemostappropriatedrugaccordingtothepatient’sdisease,physicalcondition,anddrugsensitivity.D.Afterselectingthedrug,pharmacistsneedtoaccuratelycalculatethedosageandexplaintheusageandprecautionstothepatienttoavoidmedicationerrors.E.Duringthedrugadministrationprocess,pharmacistsneedtocooperatewithdoctorsandnursestoensurethatthedrugisadministeredcorrectly,suchasintravenousinjection,oraladministration,etc.F.Pharmacistsplayacrucial