2026年上海市崇明区高三下学期二模英语试卷和答案

第第10页,共NUMPAGES14SectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.DedicatedtoDunhuang:ALifeInspiredbyAncientFamousChineseartistChangShana,thedesignerbehindthedecorativemural(壁画)ontheceilingofthebanquet宴会hallofBeijing’sGreatHallofthePeople,andherfatherChangShuhong,whowasalsoafamousartist,havededicatedtheirlivestopreservingandpromotingtheartofDunhuang.HerpassionforDunhuang(1)(inspire)byherfatherChangShuhong,oftenreferredtoasthepioneerofintroducingDunhuangart.In1943,herfather,thenapromisingartistwho(2)(win)severalmedalsinFrance,madeuphismindtocontributetoDunhuangafterreadingaboutthecaveartthere.Itwasn’tlong(3)hemovedtoDunhuang,aremotecountyinnorthwestChina’sGansuProvince.(4)(travel)alongroughroadsforanentiremonth,inthefallof1943,thefamilyarrivedatthedusty,yetexcitingMogaoCavesinDunhuang.In1944,ChangShuhongfoundedDunhuangArtInstitute,(5)isnowknownasDunhuangAcademy.Hegaveuptheprospectoffurtheringhisartcareer,anddevotedhimselftotheprotectionandstudyofDunhuang’streasures.Butthiswassohardataskthathiswifecouldn’tbeartheharshconditionsandlefthim.What’sworse,duringthewar,thegovernmentstopped(6)(fund)theDunhuangArtResearchInstitute.Nevertheless,ChangShanaandherfatherstayedtocontinuetheirmission.ChangShanamadecopiesofthemurals(7)theguidanceofherfather,researchersattheinstituteandvisitingartists.Shelearnedalotaboutmuralsand(8)thestylesforthemuralshadevolved.Thatexperiencehasgreatlyinfluencedhercareer.ChangShanalaterwenttotheUSforfurtherstudyandwhenshecameback,sheturnedtoindustrialart,teachingatTsinghuaUniversity.Changhascompletedmanykeydesigns(9)(base)onDunhuangmurals,includingtheceilingoftheGreatHallofthePeople.ForChang,Dunhuanghasbecomeaninseparablepartofherlife.She’snowcooperatingwithane-commerceplatformtopromotethesaleofherwork(10)(make)surethatthethousand-year-oldartliveson.SectionA.B.C.D.E.G.H.I.J.K.Directions:FillineachblankwithaA.B.C.D.E.G.H.I.J.K.China’sSpringFestivalGalaBecomesSuperBowl-likeStageforHumanoid(像人的Humanoidrobotshaveundoubtedlytakencenterstageatthisyear’sCMG(ChinaMediaGroup)SpringFestivalGala—theworld’smost-watchedTVshowincelebrationoftheChineseNewYear.Fortheroboticsindustry,thisisn’tjustaperformance.Itisahigh-riskproduct11tobillionsofviewers.Thisyear,fourChinesepowerhousestartupsbroughttheirmostadvancedhumanoidstothestage.Theirperformancescoveredmanyaspectsofhumanlife—fromenergeticmartialartsandrhythmicdancingtoshortfunnyplaysanddailylifescenes.The12natureoftheGalamakesittheultimate“stresstest”forrobotics.Onastagefilledwithmovingobjects,hundredsofdancersandunpredictablelighting,thereisno“reset”button.Forthischallenge,robotsonceagainamazedtheworldwith13movementsandexcellentstability—demonstratingwellbalancedlandingsafterrunning,kicking,andjumpingfromspringboards.Itisahuge14fromlastyear,whentheirH1robotsfinisheda“HandkerchiefDance”withcautiousmovementsandrequiredhumanassistancejusttoexitthestage.Thisshiftisanevidentproofthattheindustryhasmovedfrompre-programmed“puppets傀儡)”tomachinespoweredbyadvancedstabilityalgorithms(算法SpringFestivalGalahasbecomemorethanatechnicaldisplay.Forthefirsttime,robotsweren’tjustguestperformers.Rather,theywere16totheChinesetraditionofTuanyuan,orreunion.Intheshortfunnyplay,Noetix’s“Bumi”robottookpartinafamilyscene,17usinghumortobridgethegapbetweenmachineandcompanion.Thisyearalsosignaledashiftfromearlymodelstothe18.AsNoetixCMOZhangMiaoexplainedtothepress,if2025wasabouttheracetomass-produce,2026isabouttheracetodeliver.“Thefocushasmovedfromthefactoryfloortothecommercialchannel,wherethereal19ofacompany’shealthisnolongerhowmanyrobotsitcanbuild,buthowmanyitcansuccessfullyintegrateintoreal-worldscenes,”Zhangsaid.Aneweraofroboticsisnowtakingshape—anditis20rootedinReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Adventuretravelersusedtorepresentasmallgroupofbravetravelerswillingtogotonearlyanyextremeinpursuitofanextraordinarytrip.Butmorerecently,theranksofadventuretravelersaregrowing,pursuingunforgettable“Frontiertourism,”asithasbeencalled,israpidlygainingpopularitywiththeordinaryvacationenthusiast—andthis21dynamicisnotwithoutriskforboththeplanetandthetraveler.Asunbelievableasitmayseem,spacetravelisgeneratingwidespread22.Whileaspaceflightmightcertainlybeunforgettable,therearealsosomehealth23toconsider.“Theextraordinaryexperiencecomeswiththeharshimpactsofradiationand24gravity,”saysanexpert.“Thechangeingravitycanputanincredibleamountofpressureonthebody,increasingtheriskofaheartattack.”Spacetouristsarealso2510spacerays,whichcandamagecellsandDNA,increasingtherisksofeyediseaseandcancer.Anotheraspectoffrontiertourisminvolvesexploringenvironmentsonthisplanetthatremainlargely26bymodernization.However,increasedtraveltotheseareasdrivespollutionandupsetsthesensitivebalanceoflocalTheultimatehikinggoal,climbingMountQomolangma,providesavivid27ofthis.Hikestothepeakhaveseenanenormousriseininterestinrecentyears.The28mountainisleftcoveredwithsome75tonsofwasteeachseasonatitsbasecamp.Fartherupthemountain,beyondbasecamp,another50tonsofwasteareleftbytravelersseekingtomakeittothemountain’speak.Frontiertourismisalsohavingaharmfulimpacton29destinationssuchasAntarctica.The30ofthesefantasticlocationsistheopportunitytoseebreathtakingglaciers)anddiversewildlife,particularlyastherapidlywarmingplanetdestroysthoseveryglaciersandmakes31evermoredifficultfortheregion’sWhat’sworse,it’sasevere32.Thegrowingcrowdsaredoingharmintheformofanevenlargercarbonfootprint,onethat’sworseningglobalwarmingissuesfurther.AccordingtotheInternationalUnionforConservationforNature(IUCN),33regulationsarenotenoughtoprotecttheenvironmentfromtourismimpacts.TheIUCNreportgoesontostressthatgrowingtourism34arecausingpenguin(企鹅)speciestochangetheirreproductiveandsocialbehaviors.Soisfrontiertourismadevelopmentthat’slikelytocontinue35?Indeed,thistypeoftourismalsorequires“highresponsibilityfromtouristsandtouroperators.”A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.A.prohibitedB.protectedC.exposedD.excludedA.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.SectionDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.Somemightsuggestthatabookabout“theinfluenceofthehorseonhumanhistory”couldn’tpossiblybeinteresting.Butinfact,TimothyC.Winegard’sTheHorseisfascinating,offeringafreshperspectiveonhowcrucialhorseswereinhumandevelopment.Anditalmostdidn’thappen.SuddenclimatechangesattheendoftheIceAgedrovehorsestotheedgeofextinction.TherestoftheanimaloncefoundthroughmuchoftheworldwerethenlargelyrestrictedtoanareathatrunsroughlyfromEasternEuropetoCentralAsia—wheretheywerehuntedforfood.Thehorsemighthavegonethewayofitsrelativeshaditnotbeendomesticatedlikecattle.Whensomeonedecidedtojumponthebackofoneofthemilder-temperedhorses,itstarted“arevolution”thatchangedtheworld.Ridinghorseshelpedfarmerstakecareofmoresheepandgoats,andhunterscovermoreground.Whenhorsesreplacedcattle,theirquickerspeedallowedmorelandtobeplowed犁地),increasedcropproductionandchangedfarmerswhoonlygrewfoodforthemselvestogoodsexporters.Inevitably,horsesbecameinstrumentsofwar,firstpullingarchersinwarvehiclesandthenasmounts.Theearliestknowntruecavalry(骑兵)formationbelongedtotheAssyriankingTukulti-NinurtaII.Inrelativelyshortorder,cavalryunitsmadethedifferenceinbattle.Thosenationsthathadhorseswonwars;thosethatdidn’ttriedtogetthem.Inmanyways,theseconflictscreatedtheworldwehavetoday.Alexanderextendedtheboundariesofhisempire—andGreekculture—throughPersia,Indiaandbeyondbecauseofthesuccessofhiscavalry.MoorishinvadersbroughtmathandsciencetoEurope.HorseswerethedecidingelementintheBattleofHastings,whereWilliam,theDukeofNormandy—whohadcavalryunits—soundlydefeatedtheAnglo-SaxonKingHaroldGodwinson,creatingthemodernBritishstate.TheHorseisextensivelyresearched.Itisinteresting,charmingandentertaining.ButIknow:Icanleadyoutoabookstore,butIcan’tmakeyouread.WhatfirsthelpedthehorseavoidBeinghuntedfor B.ClimateC.LivinginCentral D.HumanAsaresultofusinghorsesinfarming,farmerscouldhuntmore B.startedtoraisemoreC.couldproducemore D.nolongerneededtoplowWhatdoestheauthorimplyby“Thosenationsthathadhorseswonwars;thosethatdidn’ttriedtogetthem.”inparagraph6?HorseswereingreaterdemandthanothermilitaryHorsesbecamesovaluablethateverynationwantedNationsdefeatedinwarsusuallygaveupgettingNationswithouthorseshadnochanceofwinningWhydidtheauthorwritethisTointroduceandrecommendthebookTheToanalyzeimportanthistoricaleventsrelatedtoToexplainthereasonswhyhorseswereimportantinTodescribehowhorsedomesticationinfluencedhuman ContactDoyouhaveaquestionorneedhelp?HereisthebestwaytogetintouchwiththeHistoryExtraIfyouareasubscriber,youcanmanagemanycommonrequestsinMyAccount,Updatingyour ♦UpdatingyourpaymentRenewingyour 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call(610)510-writetotheBristolclickthe“Help”buttononthesendanemailtoDoingsomethingyou’rebadatcanmakeyoubetteratwhatyou’regoodat,aswellaspotentiallymakingyougoodatsomethingnew.Understandingthisdynamiccangiveyouanedgeinyourownareaofexcellence,andenhanceyourlifegenerally.Tobegreatatwhatyoudo,takeachanceonfailingatsomethingelse.Tryingtodosomethingbutcomingupshortisnotfun.Takeupskiingasanadult,andyouwillalmostcertainlybefrustratedasyoufalldownoverandover.Thereasonwhywehatebeingbadatthingsandfailingisbecausewhengoal-directedactivityisblocked,thatstimulatesourdorsalanteriorcingulatecortex,whichispartofthebrain’spainsystem.Thisisthesameregionaffectedwhenweexperiencesocialrejection.Thiskindofmentalpaindoes,however,haveanevolvedbenefit—creatingthemotivationtosucceed,ifnotattheactivityathandthenatsomeotherone.Thismotivationeffectisdetectableinplentyofareas,likeinbusinessactivities.Asagroupofpsychologistsreportedwhenemployeesarefrustratedbytheirrelativeincompetenceatonetask,theytendtobemotivatedtoshowmorecompetenceforsomethingthey’realreadybetterat.Perhapsyoucanrelatetothisfindingwhen,pushedtoperformoutsideyourcomfortzoneatwork,youdiscoveredthatyouhadgreatermotivationinyourregularjobafterward.Thementalpainoffailurecanalsostimulateyoutobecomebetterattheactivityinwhichyoulackcompetence—ifyoucanreframethenegativeexperienceasanindicatorofpersonalgrowth.Thisiswhatresearchersfoundwhentheyconductedafieldexperimentatanimprovisation(即兴表演)club.Onegroupofamateurimproviserswasinstructedtoactivelyseekthefeelingofawkwardness.Thescholarsfoundthatcomparedwithimproviserswhowerenotgiventhisinstruction,thefirstgroupwasmoreengagedintheexercise.Insteadofseeingthediscomfortassomethingtoavoid,theysawitascentraltotheprocessandacceptedit.Anotherhelpfulwaytoturnthediscomfortoffailureintoasourceofprogressiswhatpsychologistscall“actionrumination.”Itistask-focusedandinvolvesreplayingtheexactmisstepsthatonemadeandhowtheycouldbecorrectedinthefuture.Scholarshaveshownthatthinkingthroughsomethingyouhavedonepoorlyinthisintentionallycorrectivewaycanleadtolearningandimprovementasopposedtofrustrationandembarrassment.Itisclearthatalthoughwehatetofail,doingsocanbebeneficialforlearninganewskillandmasteringanoldThishasimplicationsforhowtoimproveordinaryAccordingtothepassage,ifemployeesfeelfrustratedafterfailinganewproject,theymight attempttoseekdiscomfortinotherworkexperienceserioussocialrejectionfrombecomemoremotivatedtoexcelintheirregularquitthejobtoavoidfurtherfrustrationfromnewWhatisakeyrequirementforfailuretohelpimprovepoorAvoidingfeelingsofdiscomfortassociatedwithUsingthefrustrationtoboostperformanceinanotherDevelopingastrongdesiretomasterthetargetskillInterpretingthesetbackasanopportunityforself-Whatdoes“actionrumination”inpara.5mostprobablyreferAcceptingthediscomfortcausedbySeekinghelpfromotherstocorrectReflectingonmistakesandfindingAdjustinggoalswhenfacingrepeatedTheauthor’sprimarypurposeinwritingthispassageisto arguethatfailureisinevitableindailylifeandadvisereaderstoavoiditsmentalillustratethepositivevaluesoffailureinunfamiliarareasandpersuadereaderstoacceptcomparedifferentwaystohandlefailureandhighlighttheeffectivenessofactionanalyzethepsychologicalmechanismbehindpeople’sfearoffailureanditsevolutionarySectionButlatercalculationssuggestedtheprobabilityhadrisento2oreven3OncethatButlatercalculationssuggestedtheprobabilityhadrisento2oreven3Oncethathappens,scientistswillhavetowaituntil2028whenitpassesourwayThisalsomeansthereisarounda97to99percentchanceitwillsafelypassourplanetinthatButit’sperfectlynaturalthattheimpactchanceswill“bouncearoundabit”beforedroppingtoHoweverscientistsinferthesizeofasteroids(小行星fromtheamountoflighttheyreflectwhichalsodependsontheircomposition.Sincetheasteroid’ssizeandorbitareuncertain,itisunclearwhereitmighthitandwhatpossibleeffectswouldbeshoulditstrikeSpaceAgenciesReportIncreasedRiskofSpaceRockStrikingEarthinScientistssaythethreatofalargespacerockstrikingtheEarthin2032hasRecentcalculationssuggestthereisasmallchance—perhapsaround1to3percent—thespacerock2024YR4willhitEarthin2032.47Theprobabilityofastrikewilllikelycontinuetogoupanddownastheasteroid’spatharoundthesunisbetterunderstood.NASAandtheEuropeanSpaceAgency’sWebbSpaceTelescopewillobservethisnear-EarthasteroidinMarchbeforetheobjectbecomesimpossibletosee.48AtelescopeinChilediscoveredtheasteroid2024YR4inlateDecember.Itisestimatedtomeasurebetween40and90metersacross.NASAsaidobservationsbytheWebbspacetelescopeshouldprovideamoreexactmeasurement.Atfirst,NASAandtheEuropeanSpaceAgencyputtheprobabilityofastrikeatjustoveronepercent. Untilscientistshaveabetterunderstandingoftheasteroid’spatharoundthesun,theywarnedthattheprobabilitywillcontinuetochange—andquitepossiblyfalltozero.PaulChodas,directorofNASA’sCenterforNear-EarthObjectStudies,saidinanemailtotheAssociatedPress,“Nooneshouldbeconcernedthattheimpactprobabilityisrising.Thisisthebehaviorourteamexpected.”Chodasadded,“Tobeclear,weexpecttheimpactprobabilitytodroptozeroatsomepoint.”50Iftheasteroidissmaller,theeffectmightbesimilartotheTunguskaeventthatflattenedthousandsofsquarekilometersofforestinSiberiain1908.Butiftheasteroidislarger,closeto100meters,theeffectswouldbesignificantlyworse.ChodassaidoncetheWebbtelescopemeasurestheasteroid’ssize,NASAcanpredict“howseriousanimpactthisasteroidcouldproduceandhowdifficultataskitmightbetodeflect(使偏斜)thisasteroid.”SummaryDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.Toooften,managersstifle(扼杀)conversationwithoutrealizingit—takingovermeetingswithoutprovidingspacefordiscussionandjumpinginwiththeirownsolutionstoproblemsthatarebroughttothem.Thishabitofdominatingdialoguecreatesadisconnectbetweenmanagersandtheirteamsandcreatesculturesdefinedbyalackofmutualtrustandcooperation.Italsorestrictstheopportunitiesforemployeestodeveloptheirowninitiative,creativityandindependentproblem-solvingskillsrequiredforhighperformance.Thankfully,therearesimpleyeteffectivestrategiesthatcanhelpmanagersencouragetwo-waydialoguesatworkandstimulatemoreengaged,unitedteams.Ratherthangivingdirections,leaderscanbenefitfromshiftingtowardinquiry.Askingaquestionisalmostalwaysbetterthantellingsomeonewhattodo.Whenleadersadoptadirective,“Ihavealltheanswers”approachtoconversations,theotherpersonisultimatelyrobbedofalearningopportunitytothinkforthemselves.Wordchoiceinquestioningalsomakesadifferencetothetoneofaconversation.Toooften,leadersaskquestionsthatcomeacrossasinsincereorcritical.Tocreatea