被动语态专项(最终版)

被动语态一、语态

语态是动词的一种形式，表示句子主语与谓语的关系。当谓语动词表示一个动作时，它和主语有两种关系：主动语态和被动语态。当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语的形式是主动语态。当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语要用被动语态。e.g.1.ManypeoplespeakEnglish.

（主动语态,句子的主语manypeople是动作speak的执行者）2.Englishisspokenbymanypeople.

（被动语态,句子的主语English是动作speak的承受者）被动语态由“be+done”构成。与主动语态一样，被动语态也有时态、人称和数的变化。二、被动语态的构成S(主语)+am/is/are+done三、一般现在时的被动语态的构成Hisbrotherwashesbowlsevery

day.主谓宾(承受者)Bowlsarewashedbyhisbrothereveryday.四、主动语态变被动语态eg.They

make

shoesinthatfactory.主语+谓+宾语Shoes

aremade

bytheminthatfactory.一般现在时：S(主语）+am/is/are+过去分词1.Weusecomputerstosearchinformation.__________________________________________________2.Theteacheroftenrepeatsthestory._________________________________Computersareusedtosearchinformationbyus.Thestoryisoftenrepeatedbytheteacher.3.Billlooksafterhiscatscarefully.___________________________________4.Wedon’toftenspeakEnglishathome.___________________________________ThecatsarelookedaftercarefullybyBill.Englishisn’toftenspokenbyusathome.TheyplayfootballonSunday.Lucydoesthehomeworkintheevening.Theyoftenusecomputersinclass.WemakethesemachinesinBeijing.FootballisplayedbythemonSunday.ThehomeworkisdonebyLucyintheevening.Computersareoftenusedbytheminclass.ThesemachinesaremadeinBeijing.Exercise1.-Whydoestheearthlookblueinspace？-Becausemostoftheearth'ssurface______bywater．A．covers B．iscoveredC．cover D．arecovered2.--AsChinagrowsstrongerandstronger，Chinese_____inmoreandmoreschoolsoutofourcountry．A．teaches B．taughtC．istaught D．wastaught3.Don’tsmokehere,Dad.Smoking_____inpublicplaces.isn’tallowedB.aren’tallowed C.doesn’tallow4.Everyday,toomuchwater

inourschool.Weshouldsaveit.iswastedB.wastesC.waswastedD.wasted5.—HaveyouheardofthesongLittleApple?—-Yes.It______everymorningwhenagedpeopledosquaredancingdownstairs.A.isplayedB.playsC.wasplayedD.played一般现在时的被动语态的句式变化肯定句主语+bedone+其他

否定句主语+benotdone+其他一般疑问句Be+主语+done+其他?肯定回答：Yes,主语+be否定回答：No,主语+benot被动语态的肯定句：

否定句：

Englishisn’tspokenbyus.主动语态的肯定句：

WespeakEnglish.

一般疑问句：

IsEnglishspokenbyus?

肯定回答：

Yes,itis.

否定回答：

No,itisn’t.

Englishisspokenbyus.1.Jimusesthiscomputereveryday.2.Lucy’smotheroftenwaterstheseflowers.ThiscomputerisusedbyJimeveryday.TheseflowersareoftenwateredbyLucy’smother.变为否定和一般疑问句Thiscomputerisn’tusedbyJimeveryday.IsthiscomputerusedbyJimeveryday?变为否定和一般疑问句Theseflowersaren’toftenwateredbyLucy’smother.AretheseflowersoftenwateredbyLucy’smother.Helookedafterthelittlebabyyesterday.主谓宾(承受者)Thelittlebabywaslookedafterbyhimyesterday.六、一般过去时的被动语态构成：S+was/were+过去分词2.They

bought

tencomputerslastterm．Tencomputers

werebought

bythemlastterm.Theybuiltthetallbuildinglastyear.Hetookgoodcareofhislittlebrotheryesterday.Wecleanedourclassroomjustnow.Theyusedthisroomforresting.Thetallbuildingwasbuiltbythemlastyear.Hislittlebrotherwastakengoodcareofbyhimyesterday.Ourclassroomwascleanedbyusjustnow.Thisroomwasusedforrestingbythem.Tomwillcleantheroomtomorrow.主谓宾TheroomwillbecleanedbyTomtomorrow.七、一般将来时的被动语态构成：S+will+be+过去分词eg.They

willfinish

theworkintendays.Thework

willbefinished

bythemintendays.Wewillhaveasportsmeetingnextweek.Childrenwilltakesomephotosintheschoolyardtomorrow.Theheadmasterwillgiveatalkthisafternoon.Asportsmeetingwillbehadbyusnextweek.Somephotoswillbetakenbychildrenintheschooltomorrow.Atalkwillbegivenbytheheadmasterthisafternoon.八、现在进行时的被动语态构成：

S+am/is/are+being+过去分词Someworkers

arepainting

theroomsnow．Therooms

arebeingpainted

bysomeworkersnow.eg.Lucy

iswatering

thetrees.

Thetrees

isbeingwatered

byLucy.九、现在完成时的被动语态构成：

S+have/has+been+过去分词We

havemade

twentymorekeys．Twentymorekeys

havebeenmade

byus.eg.We

havefinished

ourcompositions.

Ourcompositions

havebeenfinished

byus.Amy

cantakegoodcareof

Gina

．Gina

canbetakengoodcareof

byAmy.构成：S+can/may/must/should+be+过去分词十、情态动词的被动语态1.Hecantakecareofthebaby.2.Lucymaydrawthepictures.3.Youmustturnoffthelights.4.TheyshouldlearnEnglishwell.

Thebabycanbetakencareofbyhim.ThepicturemaybedrawnbyLucy.Thelightsmustbeturnedoffbyyou.Englishshouldbelearnedwellbythem.Exercises：1.ManypeoplespeakEnglish.2.Peopleusedknivesforcuttingthings.3.Wecanusetheboxasatable.4.Weshouldcleantheclassroomeveryday.5.Shewillrepairthebiketomorrow.

Englishisspokenbymanypeople.Knifveswereusedbypeopleforcuttingthings.Theboxcanbeusedbyusasatable.Theclassroomshouldbecleaneddbyuseveryday.Thebikewillberepairedbyhertomorrow.各种时态的被动语态构成一般现在时：一般过去时：一般将来时：现在进行时：过去进行时：现在完成时：情态动词：

S+am/is/are+doneS+can/may/must/should+be+doneS+will+be+doneS+am/is/are+being+doneS+have/has+been+doneS+was/were+done各种时态的被动语态构成S+was/were+being+done被动语态的几种类型1.使役动词的被动语态

makesbdo

letsb.do

havesb.dobemadetodobelettodobehadtodoEg.Imadehimstayoutside.

Hewasmadetostayoutsidebyme.

seesb.dohearsb.dowatchsb.dobeseentodobeheardtodobewatchedtodoeg.Isawhergoout.Shewasseentogooutbyme.注意:seesb.doinghearsb.doingwatchsb.doing

beseendoingbehearddoingbewatcheddoingEg.IhearherreadingEnglish.SheisheardreadingEnglish.

2.感官动词的被动语态即feel,hear,listen,look,watch,see,notice，have,make,let这些词在主动句中，其后的动词不定式不加to，但变被动句时必须加to.(1).Isaw

himplaybasketballlastSunday.HewasseentoplaybasketballlastSundaybyme.(2).Weheard

themsingintheclassroom.Theywereheardtosingintheclassroombyus.Trythefollowing:1.Theymadeusdoallthework.2.Ioftenseehimwalktoschool.3.Didyouseethemgetoffthebus?4.WasLilyheardtosingupstairslastnight?(you)5.Thegirlwasseen____withhermotherat8:00yesterday.A.quarrelB.quarrelingC.toquarrelD.quarreledWeretheyseentogetoffthebusbyyou?DidyouhearLilysingupstairslastnight?BWeweremadetodoalltheworkbythem.Heisoftenseentowalktoschoolbyme.helpsb(to)do------behelpedtodo.

Hehelpedtheoldman(to)cleantheroom.Theoldmanwashelpedtocleantheroom.

3.helpsb(to)do4.带双宾语句子的被动语态.（指物的宾语叫直接宾语，指人的宾语叫间接宾语）常见的接双宾语的动词有:to:pass,give,tell,lend,teach,show,bring,handfor:make,buy,draw,sing,get,以“人”当主语时，变法和一般的变法一样；以“物”当主语时，在保留的间接宾语前必须加to或for.如：1.Hegavemeabook.

－Iwasgivenabookbyhim.－AbookwasgiventomebyTom.giveme

abook间直=giveabook

tome直间2.Iboughthimabook.

－Hewasboughtabookbyme.－Abookwasbuoghtforhimbyme.buyhim

abook=buyabookfor

me间直直间如：1.Heshowedmeabookyesterday.

－Iwasshownabookbyhimyesterday.（以I做主语）－Abookwasshowntomebyhimyesterday.（以物abook作主语）

2.HeteachesusEnglish.

－WearetaughtEnglishbyhim.（以人当主语）－Englishistaughttousbyhim.（以物作主语）Trythefollowing:1.TheteachergaveJimsomebooks.

2.Hisparentsboughthimanewbike.Jimwasgivensomebooksbytheteacher.SomebooksweregiventoJimbytheteacher.Hewasboughtanewbikebyhisparents.Anewbikewasboughtforhimbyhisparents.

WeknowthattheWestLakeisverybeautiful.ItisknownthattheWestLakeisverybeautiful.TheysaythatFatherChristmasisbasedonarealperson.ItissaidthatFatherChristmasisbasedonarealperson.5.当主动语态的宾语是句子时（即是宾语从句），变为被动语态时通常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语放在后面。agirlcalledCuihua一个叫翠花的女孩abookboughtyesterday一本昨天买的书

get/make/havesthdone使某物被…

makemeunderstood使我被理解/使人理解我

havemyhaircut使我头发被剪/请人给我剪头6.过去分词做后置定语，表示被动7.过去分词做宾补，表示被动

（1）、主语是物，谓语是表示主语特征或属性的动词。常见的这类动词有write/wash/sell/run…well等。例如：Themachinerunswell.Thispenwriteswell.Thebooksellswell.主动形式表示被动意义。

（2）系表结构look,feel,smell,taste,sound,prove,appear,seem等。例如：—Doyoulikethematerial?—Yes,it________verysoft.A.isfeelingB.feltC.feelsD.isfeltCYourideasoundsreasonable.

（3）、sth.need/requiredoing=sth.need/requiretobedone

—You'vecomejustintimetohelpus.—Fine,whatrequiresdoing?(=Fine,whatrequirestobedone?)Thissentenceneeds________.A.animprovementB.improve

C.improvingD.improvedC（4）comeout/runout/cometrue1.有的be+done形式是系表结构Thecupisbroken.Thestoreisusuallyclosedat6:00a.m.注意eg.Thedoctorlookedafterthepatientcarefully.2.动词短语变被动语态时,后面的介词不能省。Thepatientwaslookedaftercarefullybythedoctor.（1）therebe句式没有被动语态。(2)不及物动词没有被动语态。(happen,cometrue,come,go…)（3）宾语是反身代词或相互代词时。Weoftenhelpeachother.Hetaughthimself.不能用于被动语态的几种情况(4)当谓语是表状态的及物动词时(如have,like,takeplace,belongto…）

Iliketheseflowers.我喜欢这些花。

Iwillhaveameeting.

不说Ameetingwillbehad.应说Ameetingwillbeheld.

(5)系表结构的句子没有被动。（look,sound,feel,taste,smell）eg.Helookssad.

Itfeelssoft.Ittastedelicious.

把下列句子变成被动语态:Acarknockedhimdownyesterday.2）Twodoctorsandtennursesmakeupthemedicalteam．3）WhenIgotthere,theywerecuttingupafallentree．Afallentreewasbeingcutup,whenIgotthere.Hewasknockeddownbyacaryesterday．Themedicalteamismadeupofbytwo…．Practice

把下列句子变成被动语态:Acarknockedhimdownyesterday.2）Twodoctorsandtennursesmakeupthemedicalteam．3）WhenIgotthere,theywerecuttingupafallentree．Afallentreewasbeingcutup,whenIgotthere.Hewasknockeddownbyacaryesterday．Themedicalteamismadeupofbytwo…．Practice4)We’llputontheplaynextSunday．5)Workersarebuildinganewteachingbuildinginourschool．6)Theyhadcompletedtherailwaybytheendoflastyear．

TheplaywillbeputonnextSunday．Anewteachingbuildingisbeingbuiltbyworkersinourschool．Therailwayhadbeencompletedbytheendoflastyear．填空（完成被动语态填空）

1.Theyoftencleantheirclassroomafterschool.（改为被动语态）

Theirclassroom_____often______bythemafterschool.2.LiLeigaveTomanewpenlastweek.（同上）

Anewpen_________________Tomlastweek.

iscleanedwasgivenbyPractice3.AlotofpeopleinChinacanspeakEnglishnow.（同上）

English________________byalotofpeopleinChinanow.4.IhavelearnedEnglishforabouttwoyears.（同上）

English__________________forabouttwoyears.5.Theywillpublishthesestory-booksnextmonth.（同上）

Thesestory-books_______________nextmonth.canbespokenhasbeenlearnedwillbepublished中考挑战1.Anotherman-madesatellitewassentupintospacebythemlastweek(济南市中考题）

——

——

——anotherman-madesatelliteintospacelastweek.变主动语态2.Peoplethereplantedmanytreeslastyear.Trees__________bypeopletherelastyear.(青岛市中考题）3.Theygrowvegetablesonthefarm.Thevegetables_____________onthefarm（上海市中考题）Theysentupwereplanted

aregrown中考题1.Insomecountries,tea______withmilkandsugar.A.isservingB.isservedC.servesD.served2.Greatchanges_____inmyhometownsince1980.A.havebeentakenplaceB.tookplaceC.havetakenplaceD.weretakenplace3.Thenewtypeofcarisgoingto______inthreeyears.A.turnoutB.beturnedoutC.hasturnedoutD.havebeenturnedout4.Thewomanmurderedherfriendand______to______.A.wassentenced,deathB.sentencing,dieC.sentenced,deathD.sentenced,die被动语态专项练习：选择填空5.－Doyouliketheskirt?－It_______soft.A.isfeelingB.feltC.feelsD.isfelt6.Areyoustillhere?Youwerehereanhourago.Who________for?A.areyouwaitingB.didyouwaitC.wereyouwaitingD.doyouwait7._____toknowProfessorZhang.A.HesaidB.IsaidC.HeissaidD.Itsays8.－Iwanttositatthetablenearthewindow.

－Sorry,______already.A.ittookB.ittakesC.itistakingD.ithasbeentaken9.Theletter_______threedaysagoandit_____yesterday.A.hadpost,hadarrivedB.wasposted,arrivedC.posted,arrivedD.hadbeenposted,wasarrived10.Hetoldmethatthefinalexamination_______nextThursday.A.isgivenB.willbegivenC.wouldhavegivenD.wouldbegiven11.Water______intoice.A.willchangedB.mustbechangedC.shouldchangeD.canbechanged12.Plays______twiceamonthinthattheatre.A.putonB.areputonC.wasputonD.oftenputon

13.Thebirds_______flyawaylastSaturday.A.lettoB.islettoC.wasletD.wereletto14.Astrangesound______yesterdayevening.A.washeardB.hearsC.heardD.isheard15.Abeautifulbike_______himbyhisclassmates.A.senttoB.willsenttoC.wassenttoD.willbesentfor16.MissChen______just______tospeakatthemeeting.A.has…beenaskedB.hasbeen…askedC.Havebeen…askedD.have…beenasked17.Meat_______outinthisshop.Wecan____now.A.havebeensold,getnothingB.hasbee