统考英语四级试题

统考英语四级试题

PartIReadingComprehension(40points)SectionA(20points)Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.PassageOneThedigitalagehastransformedthewayweread.Whiletheconvenienceofe-booksandonlinearticlesisundeniable,agrowingbodyofresearchsuggeststhatreadingonscreensmayaffectcomprehensionandretentiondifferentlythanreadingonpaper.Studieshaveshownthatpeopletendtoengageinmore"non-linear"readingwhenusingdigitaldevices—skimming,scrolling,andjumpingbetweenlinks.Thishabitcanleadtoashallowerprocessingofinformation.Incontrast,readingprintmaterialsoftenencouragessustained,focusedattention.Thephysicalityofabook—turningpages,feelingthepaper,seeingtheprogress—providesspatiallandmarksthathelpthebrainformamentalmapofthetext,aidingmemory.Furthermore,theverynatureofscreens,oftenassociatedwithmultitaskingandnotifications,canprimethebrainfordistraction.Thebluelightemittedcanalsocauseeyestrainandpotentiallydisruptsleeppatternsifusedbeforebedtime.However,it'snotallnegativefordigitalreading.Itoffersunparalleledaccesstovastamountsofinformation,interactivefeatures,andcustomizationlikeadjustablefontsizes.Forpeoplewithvisualimpairmentsorthosewhoneedtocarryentirelibraries,digitaltextsarerevolutionary.Thekeymaylienotinchoosingonemediumovertheotherentirely,butinbeingmindfulofourpurpose.Fordeeplearningandcomplexmaterial,printmightholdanadvantage.Forquickinformationgatheringoraccessingawiderangeofsources,digitalissuperior.Ultimately,fosteringaconsciousreadinghabit,regardlessofthemedium,ismostimportant.1.Whatisthemainfindingofsomeresearchregardingscreenreading?A.Itimprovesreadingspeedsignificantly.B.Itpromotesdeeperinformationprocessing.C.Itmayleadtolessthoroughunderstanding.D.Itisalwaysbetterforacademiclearning.2.Accordingtothepassage,howdoesreadingprintbookshelpmemory?A.Byprovidinginteractivefeatures.B.Byallowingfontcustomization.C.Byofferingspatialcuesofthetext.D.Byreducingeyestraineffectively.3.Whatismentionedasanadvantageofdigitalreading?A.Itguaranteesbettersleepquality.B.Itpreventsallformsofdistraction.C.Ithelpsformmentalmapsoftexts.D.Itallowseasyaccesstovastinformation.4.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestasthebestapproach?A.Abandoningdigitaldevicesforreadingcompletely.B.Usingonlyprintmaterialsforalltypesofreading.C.Selectingthemediumbasedonreadingpurpose.D.Ignoringthedifferencesbetweenthetwomediums.5.Theword"unparalleled"inParagraph2isclosestinmeaningto______.A.equalB.matchlessC.ordinaryD.limitedPassageTwoInrecentyears,theconceptofthe"sharingeconomy"hasexpandedrapidly,withcompanieslikeAirbnbandUberbecominghouseholdnames.Thismodelleveragestechnologytoallowindividualstorentorborrowassetsownedbysomeoneelse,ratherthanowningthemoutright.Proponentsarguethatitpromotesmoreefficientuseofresources,reduceswaste,andprovidesincomeopportunities.Acarsittingidle95%ofthetimecanbeusedbyothersthroughacar-sharingservice;aspareroomcanbecomeasourceofrevenue.However,criticspointtosignificantdrawbacks.Theregulatorygrayareaisamajorconcern.Traditionalhotelsandtaxiservicesaresubjecttostrictsafety,health,andinsuranceregulations,whichmanysharingeconomyplatformsarguedonotfullyapplytotheirpeer-to-peermodel.Thiscanleadtounfaircompetitionandpotentialrisksforconsumers.Additionally,theriseoftheseplatformscandriveuphousingcostsinpopularcities,aspropertiesarepurchasedspecificallyforshort-termrentals,reducinglong-termhousingstock.Therearealsoconcernsaboutjobsecurityandbenefitsforworkers,whoareoftenclassifiedasindependentcontractorsratherthanemployees.Thefutureofthesharingeconomylikelyinvolvesabalance.Governmentsaregraduallydevelopingnewregulationstoensuresafetyandfairnesswithoutstiflinginnovation.Themodelitselfisevolving,withsomeplatformsintroducingmoresafeguardsandinsuranceoptions.Itssuccesswilldependonitsabilitytoaddresssocialandregulatorychallengeswhiledeliveringonitspromiseofconvenienceandefficiency.6.Whatisthecoreideaofthesharingeconomyaccordingtothepassage?A.Owningassetspersonallyisalwaysbetter.B.Usingtechnologytoenableassetrentalbetweenindividuals.C.Replacingalltraditionalbusinessmodelscompletely.D.Focusingsolelyoncarandroomsharing.7.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasapotentialbenefitofthesharingeconomy?A.Creatingearningopportunities.B.Makinguseofunderusedassets.C.Loweringconsumptionandwaste.D.Guaranteeingfull-timejobswithbenefits.8.Whatisamajorcriticismfacedbysharingeconomyplatforms?A.Theyarenottechnology-based.B.Theyoperateoutsidetraditionalregulations.C.Theyrefusetoprovideanyinsurance.D.Theyincreaselong-termhousingavailability.9.Howaresomeplatformsrespondingtothecriticisms?A.Byshuttingdowninregulatedcities.B.Byavoidingallgovernmentcontact.C.Byofferingmoreprotectivemeasuresforusers.D.Byconvertingallworkerstoformalemployees.10.Whatdoestheauthorimplyaboutthefutureofthesharingeconomy?A.Itwillbeeliminatedbygovernments.B.Itfacesnofurtherchallenges.C.Itrequiresadaptationandbalancedregulation.D.Itwillcompletelyreplacetraditionalindustries.SectionB(20points)Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.TheBenefitsofBilingualism[A]Fordecades,researchershavebeenexploringthecognitiveadvantagesofspeakingmorethanonelanguage.Earlystudiesoftensuggestedthatbilingualchildrenmightbeatadisadvantage,perhapsexperiencinglanguagedelayorconfusion.However,modernresearch,withbettermethodologies,hasoverturnedthisview,revealingamorenuancedandlargelypositivepicture.[B]Oneofthemostsignificantfindingsisthatbilingualismenhances"executivefunction."Thisisasetofmentalskillsthatincludesworkingmemory,flexiblethinking,andself-control.Constantlymanagingtwolanguagesystemsforcesthebraintosuppressonelanguagewhileusingtheother,aformofmentalworkout.Thispracticestrengthensthebrain'sabilitytofocusattention,switchbetweentasks,andfilteroutirrelevantinformation.Studieshaveshownthatbilingualindividualsoftenperformbetterontasksthatrequireignoringdistractionsandfocusingonkeydetails.[C]Furthermore,thebenefitsappeartoextendintolaterlife.Researchindicatesthatlifelongbilingualismcancontributetocognitivereserve,potentiallydelayingtheonsetofsymptomsofdementiaandAlzheimer'sdisease.Whileitisnotacure,theconstantmentalchallengeofmanagingtwolanguagesseemstobuildabufferagainstage-relatedcognitivedecline.[D]Beyondcognition,bilingualismoffersprofoundsocialandculturaladvantages.Itallowsindividualstocommunicatewithawiderrangeofpeople,accessmultipleculturesthroughtheirliteraturesandmedia,andoftenfostersgreaterempathyandunderstandingofdifferentperspectives.Inaglobalizedworld,theseareinvaluableskills.[E]Itisimportanttonotethattheadvantagesarenotlimitedtothosewholearnedtwolanguagesfrombirth("simultaneousbilinguals").Peoplewhoacquireasecondlanguagelaterinlife("sequentialbilinguals")alsoshowcognitivebenefits,thoughthepatternsmightdiffer.Thekeyseemstobeactive,regularuseofbothlanguages.[F]Theeconomicbenefitsarealsoclear.Inmanyjobmarkets,beingbilingualisastrongasset,openingdoorstointernationalcareersandrolesthatrequirecommunicationacrosscultures.Itcanleadtohigherearningpotentialincertainfields.[G]Ofcourse,bilingualismisnotwithoutitschallenges.Itrequireseffortandmaintenance.Insomecontexts,onelanguagemightdominate,leadingtoattritionoftheotherifnotused.However,theconsensusamongscientistsisthatthecognitive,social,andprofessionalbenefitsfaroutweighthesedifficulties.[H]Ineducation,theseinsightsargueforstrongsupportforbilingualprograms.Ratherthanviewingastudent'snativelanguageasanobstacletolearningEnglish(oranotherdominantlanguage),educatorsareincreasinglyrecognizingitasacognitiveassettobenurtured.Dual-languageimmersionprograms,whereacademiccontentistaughtintwolanguages,aregrowinginpopularityfortheireffectivenessindevelopingbothlanguageproficiencyandacademicachievement.[I]Ultimately,speakingmultiplelanguagesshapesthebraininpositiveways.Itmakesitmoreagile,resilient,andopen.Themessagefromcurrentscienceisclear:investinginlanguagelearningisaninvestmentinbrainhealthandculturalconnectivity.[J]Theoldnotionthatbilingualismcausesconfusionisamyth.Onthecontrary,itisapowerfultoolforenhancingmentalcapacityandenrichingone'spersonalandprofessionallife.11.Earlyresearchsometimeswronglyconcludedthatbilingualchildrencouldexperienceslowerlanguagedevelopment.12.Thementalexerciseofcontrollingtwolanguagesimprovesskillsliketask-switchingandconcentration.13.Activeuseofbothlanguagesiscrucialforgainingcognitivebenefits,regardlessofwhenthesecondlanguageislearned.14.Bilingualismcanbeavaluableskillthatincreasesjobopportunitiesandpossibleincome.15.Theabilitytospeaktwolanguagesmayhelpslowdowntheappearanceofcertainbraindiseasesinoldage.16.Onechallengeofbilingualismisthataless-usedlanguagemightweakenovertime.17.Modernresearchmethodshaveledtoamorepositiveunderstandingofbilingualism'seffects.18.Learningintwolanguagesatschoolisbecomingmorecommonbecauseitworkswell.19.Bilingualpeopleoftenhaveabettercapacitytounderstanddifferentculturalviewpoints.20.Theideathatknowingtwolanguagesleadstomentalmix-upisincorrect.PartIIVocabularyandStructure(15points)Directions:Thereare15incompletesentencesinthispart.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosetheONEanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.21.Themanagerinsistedthatthereport______bytheendoftheweek.A.wasfinishedB.befinishedC.wouldbefinishedD.mustbefinished22.______theheavyrain,thefootballmatchproceededasscheduled.A.InspiteofB.BesidesC.AsforD.Dueto23.Bythetimeyouarrive,we______theprojectpreparations.A.completeB.willcompleteC.willhavecompletedD.arecompleting24.Thenewpolicyisaimed______reducingcarbonemissionsfromindustrialactivities.A.atB.forC.toD.with25.Itwasinthesmallvillage______wefirstmetourmentor.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when26.Iwouldratheryou______methetruthearlier.A.toldB.hadtoldC.tellD.havetold27.Thebookis______interesting______informative;Ihighlyrecommendit.A.notonly...butalsoB.either...orC.neither...norD.both...and28.Hardly______thestationwhenthetrainbegantomove.A.hadIreachedB.IhadreachedC.didIreachD.Ireached29.Thecommitteeiscomposedoftenmembers,five______arewomen.A.ofthemB.ofwhomC.fromthemD.fromwhom30.IfI______morecareful,Iwouldn'thavemadesomanymistakes.A.wasB.wereC.hadbeenD.havebeen31.Thecompany'ssuccesscanbelargely______toitsinnovativemarketingstrategy.A.attributedB.contributedC.distributedD.substituted32.HespeaksEnglishfluently,______hehasneverbeentoanEnglish-speakingcountry.A.incaseB.eventhoughC.asifD.nowthat33.Itisessentialthateverystudent______asafetybriefingbeforethelabsession.A.attendsB.attendC.willattendD.attended34.Thepopulationofthiscityhasincreased______20%inthepastdecade.A.forB.toC.byD.with35.Weneedto______asolutiontothewatershortageproblembeforesummerarrives.A.workoutB.runoutC.turnoutD.giveoutPartIIICloze(10points)Directions:Thereare10blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.Theconceptof"smartcities"isgainingtractionworldwide.Itreferstousingtechnologyanddatatoimprovethe___36___ofurbanservices,reducecostsandresourceconsumption,andenhancecontactbetweencitizensandgovernment.Sensors,theInternetofThings(IoT),anddataanalyticsareatthe___37___ofthistransformation.Forexample,smarttrafficlightscanadjusttheirtimingbasedonreal-timetrafficflow,___38___congestion.Wastemanagementsystemscanusesensorstonotifycollectorswhenbinsarefull,optimizingcollectionroutes.Suchapplicationsnotonlyincreaseefficiencybutalsoaimtoimprovethequalityoflifefor___39___.However,thedevelopmentofsmartcitiesalsoraisesimportantquestionsaboutdataprivacyandsecurity.Vastamountsofdataarecollectedfromcitizens,___40___theirmovements,energyuse,andevenwasteproduction.Whoownsthisdata?Howisitprotected?Thereisapressingneedforclearregulationsandethicalframeworksto___41___thatthisdataisusedresponsiblyanddoesnotleadtosurveillanceordiscrimination.Anotherchallengeisthedigital___42___.Notallcitizenshaveequalaccesstothetechnologyortheskillsrequiredtobenefitfromsmartservices.Citiesmustensurethattheseinnovationsareinclusiveanddonotwidenexistingsocial___43___.___44___,thepotentialbenefitsareimmense.Fromreducingenvironmentalimpacttomakingpublicservicesmoreresponsive,thesmartcityconceptoffersavisionforamoresustainableandlivableurbanfuture.Successwilldependonbalancingtechnologicalinnovationwiththoughtfulgovernanceandastrong___45___oncitizenrightsandequity.36.A.efficiencyB.effectC.deficiencyD.affection37.A.bottomB.coreC.surfaceD.back38.A.worseningB.causingC.easingD.creating39.A.residentsB.visitorsC.officialsD.engineers40.A.regardingB.includingC.excludingD.considering41.A.assureB.ensureC.insureD.reassure42.A.deviceB.divideC.diversityD.division43.A.gapsB.bondsC.linksD.bridges44.A.DespiteB.AlthoughC.ThereforeD.Nevertheless45.A.emphasisB.agreementC.commentD.decisionPartIVTranslation(15points)Directions:TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoEnglish.随着电子商务的飞速发展，中国的快递业经历了前所未有的增长。越来越多的消费者选择在线购物，因为其便捷性和丰富的商品选择。为了满足巨大的需求，快递公司不断利用新技术来提升效率，例如使用人工智能分拣包裹和无人机进行偏远地区的配送。尽管面临包装浪费等挑战，该行业仍在不断创新，致力于提供更快、更环保的服务。PartVWriting(20points)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthetopicTheImportanceofCriticalThinkingintheDigitalAge.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow:1.数字时代信息爆炸的现状。2.批判性思维的重要性（如：辨别信息真伪、避免偏见、做出明智决定）。3.你的结论。Answers:PartIReadingComprehension1.C2.C3.D4.C5.B6.B7.D8.B9.C10.C11.A12.B13.E14.F15.C16.G17.A18.H19.D20.JPartIIVocabularyandStructure21.B22.A23.C24.A