英语四级2023.6试题

英语四级2023.6试题

PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayontheimportanceofdevelopingahealthylifestyleamongcollegestudents.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Theconceptofa"smartcity"isgainingtractionworldwide.Itreferstoanurbanareathatusesdifferenttypesofelectronicmethodsandsensorstocollectdata.Insightsgainedfromthatdataareusedtomanageassets,resources,andservices1._______;inturn,thatdataisusedtoimproveoperationsacrossthecity.Thisincludesdatacollectedfromcitizens,devices,andassetsthatisprocessedandanalyzedtomonitorandmanagetrafficandtransportationsystems,powerplants,watersupplynetworks,wastemanagement,crime2._______,informationsystems,schools,libraries,andothercommunityservices.Thesmartcityconcept3._______informationandcommunicationtechnology(ICT)andvariousphysicaldevicesconnectedtotheInternetofthings(IoT)networktooptimizethe4._______ofcityoperationsandservicesandconnecttocitizens.Smartcitytechnologyallowscityofficialstointeractdirectlywithbothcommunityandcityinfrastructureandtomonitorwhatishappeninginthecityandhowthecityis5._______.ICTisusedtoenhancequality,performance,andinteractivityofurbanservices,toreducecostsandresource6._______,andtoimprovecontactbetweencitizensandgovernment.Smartcityapplicationsaredevelopedtomanageurbanflowsandallowforreal-time7._______.Thesmartcityconceptcanbeseenasalarge8._______system–aninformationsystemthatprocessesandrespondstodatafromtheurbanenvironment.Manycitieshavealreadybeguntoimplementsmarttechnologies.However,thejourneyisnotwithoutchallenges.Issuesconcerningdataprivacy,security,andthedigital9._______betweendifferentsocioeconomicgroupsneedtobeaddressed.Moreover,thehighinitialinvestmentcanbea10._______formanymunicipalities.Despitethesehurdles,thepotentialbenefitsinefficiency,sustainability,andqualityoflifecontinuetodrivetheglobalsmartcitymovement.WordBank:A)integratesB)detectionC)efficiencyD)digitalE)consumptionF)responsesG)majorH)evolvingI)feedbackJ)barrierK)divideL)primarilyM)complexN)effectivelyO)criticalSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.TheRiseofRemoteWorkandItsLastingImpact[A]Theglobalpandemicservedasamassive,unplannedexperimentinremotework.Overnight,companiesthathadneverconsideredallowingemployeestoworkfromhomewereforcedtoadoptthismodel.Whatmanyexpectedtobeatemporarydisruptionhasevolvedintoafundamentalshiftinhowandwhereworkisdone.Thistransitionhasrevealedbothsignificantadvantagesandunforeseenchallenges,shapingthefutureoftheworkplaceinprofoundways.[B]Oneofthemostcelebratedbenefitsofremoteworkistheincreaseinflexibilityandautonomyforemployees.Withouttheneedforadailycommute,workersgainbackhourseachweek,timethatcanbereinvestedintopersonalwell-being,family,orevenmoreproductivework.Manyreporthigherjobsatisfactionduetotheabilitytodesigntheirownworkenvironmentandschedule.Thisautonomycanleadtoincreasedproductivity,asemployeesworkduringtheirmosteffectivehoursandinsettingswheretheyfeelcomfortable.[C]Foremployers,thepotentialforcostsavingsissubstantial.Reducingthephysicalofficefootprintcanleadtosignificantsavingsonrealestate,utilities,andofficesupplies.Furthermore,companiesarenolongergeographicallyconstrainedintheirhiring.Theycantapintoaglobaltalentpool,findingthebestpersonforthejobregardlessoftheirlocation.Thiscanleadtoamorediverseandskilledworkforce.[D]However,theremoteworkmodelisnotwithoutitsdrawbacks.Aprimaryconcernisthepotentialerosionofcompanycultureandtheweakeningofsocialbondsamongcolleagues.Thespontaneousconversationsbythecoffeemachine,thequickdesk-sidequestions,andthecamaraderiebuiltthroughsharedphysicalspacearedifficulttoreplicateonline.Thiscanleadtofeelingsofisolationanddisconnectionamongemployees,particularlynewhireswholackestablishedrelationships.[E]Communicationandcollaborationcanalsosuffer.Whiledigitaltoolslikevideoconferencingandinstantmessaginghaveimproveddramatically,theycannotfullyreplacethenuanceofface-to-faceinteraction.Misunderstandingsmayoccurmorefrequently,andthecreativesparkthatoftencomesfromin-personbrainstormingsessionscanbehardertoignite.Managingaremoteteamrequiresadifferentsetofleadershipskills,focusingonoutcomesratherthanvisibleactivity.[F]Anothersignificantchallengeliesinmaintainingahealthywork-lifebalance.Whenone'shomebecomesone'soffice,theboundariesbetweenprofessionalandpersonallifecanblur.Thetemptationtocheckemailslateatnightortoworkthroughtheweekendisever-present.Withoutaclearphysicalseparation,employeesmaystruggleto"switchoff,"leadingtoburnoutanddecreasedwell-beingovertime.[G]Thewidespreadadoptionofremoteworkhasalsohadbroadereconomicandsocialimplications.Citycentersthatoncethrivedonthedailyinfluxofofficeworkershaveseendeclinesinfoottraffic,affectingrestaurants,retailstores,andpublictransportationsystems.Conversely,suburbanandruralareasareexperiencinggrowthaspeoplemoveawayfromexpensiveurbancores,seekingmorespaceandalowercostofliving.[H]Lookingahead,itisclearthatafullreturntothepre-pandemicofficemodelisunlikelyformanyindustries.Instead,ahybridmodelisemergingasapopularcompromise.Inthismodel,employeessplittheirtimebetweenworkingremotelyandworkingfromaphysicaloffice.Thisapproachaimstocapturethebenefitsofbothworlds:theflexibilityandfocusofremotework,andthecollaboration,mentorship,andculturalcohesionofin-personwork.[I]Thesuccessofthishybridfuturewilldependonintentionalpoliciesandinvestments.Companieswillneedtoredesignofficespacestofacilitatecollaborationratherthanindividualwork.Theymustinvestinrobusttechnologyinfrastructuretoensureseamlessconnectivityforallemployees.Mostimportantly,leadersmustcultivateacultureoftrust,clearcommunication,andinclusion,ensuringthatbothremoteandin-officeemployeesfeelequallyvaluedandengaged.[J]Inconclusion,theshifttoremoteandhybridworkismorethanatemporarytrend;itisareshapingofthemodernworkparadigm.Whilechallengesremain,thegenieisoutofthebottle.Organizationsandindividualsalikemustadapttothisnewreality,leveragingitsadvantageswhileproactivelyaddressingitscomplexitiestobuildmoreresilient,flexible,andhuman-centricworkplaces.11.Thepandemicactedasanunexpectedcatalystforamajorchangeinworkpractices.12.Employeesoftenfindtheycanworkmoreproductivelywhenallowedtochoosetheirownworkinghoursandenvironment.13.Theabsenceofadailycommuteisakeyfactorcontributingtoimprovedpersonaltimemanagementforworkers.14.Companiescanreduceoperationalexpensesbyneedinglessphysicalofficespace.15.Newemployeesmightfinditparticularlyhardtofeelconnectedtotheirteamandthecompanywhenworkingremotely.16.Thesubtleaspectsofcommunicationcanbelostwheninteractionsarelimitedtodigitalplatforms.17.Themergingofhomeandofficespacesmakesitdifficultforsomepeopletostopworking.18.Thechangeinworkpatternshasledtoeconomicshiftsfromurbancenterstooutlyingareas.19.Amixedmodelcombiningremoteandofficeworkisbecomingacommonsolutionforthefuture.20.Forahybridmodeltoworkwell,companiesneedtofosteranenvironmentoftrustandequipemployeeswiththerighttechnology.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.PassageOneQuestions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Inaneraofconstantconnectivity,thenotionof"digitaldetox"–voluntarilyrefrainingfromusingelectronicdevicessuchassmartphonesandcomputers–hasgainedpopularityasameanstoreducestressandimprovementalwell-being.Proponentsarguethattheincessantpingsofnotifications,thepressuretobeperpetuallyavailable,andtheendlessscrollofsocialmediacontributetoanxiety,fragmentedattention,andsleepdeprivation.Agrowingbodyofresearchsupportstheseclaims.Studieshaveshownthatheavyuseofsocialmediacanbelinkedtoincreasedfeelingsoflonelinessandenvy,asuserscomparetheirownlivestothecarefullycuratedhighlightsofothers.Thebluelightemittedbyscreenscaninterferewiththebody'sproductionofmelatonin,ahormonecrucialforregulatingsleepcycles.Furthermore,theconstantswitchingofattentiondemandedbymultipleappsandalertscanweakenourabilitytoconcentratedeeplyonasingletask,astateoftenreferredtoas"continuouspartialattention."However,criticsofthedigitaldetoxmovementpointoutitspotentialimpracticalityandprivilege.Formany,digitaldevicesareessentialtoolsforwork,education,andmaintainingsocialconnections,especiallyforthoseinremoteareasorwithmobilityissues.Completelydisconnectingmaynotbeafeasibleoption.Moreover,theterm"detox"impliesthattechnologyisinherentlytoxic,aframingthatsomeexpertsbelieveisoverlysimplisticandalarmist.Theyargueforamorenuancedapproach:developingahealthier,moreintentionalrelationshipwithtechnologyratherthanperiodicallyabstainingfromit.Thisapproach,oftencalled"digitalmindfulness,"involvesbeingawareofhowandwhyweuseourdevices.Itencouragespracticessuchasturningoffnon-essentialnotifications,schedulingspecifictimestocheckemailorsocialmedia,andcreatingdevice-freezonesorhours,particularlybeforebedtime.Thegoalisnottoeliminatetechnologybuttouseitinawaythatservesourgoalsandvalueswithoutlettingitcontrolourtimeandattention.Ultimately,whetheronechoosesafulldetoxoramindfulapproach,thekeyisregainingasenseofagencyoverone'sdigitallife.Inaworldwheretechnologyisdeeplyembedded,thehealthieststrategymaybetolearntonavigatethedigitallandscapeconsciously,ensuringitenhancesratherthandetractsfromouroverallqualityoflife.21.Whatisthemainpurposeofa"digitaldetox"asdescribedinthepassage?A)Topermanentlyabandontheuseofallelectronicdevices.B)Toreducestressandimprovementalhealthbytemporarilyavoidingdevices.C)Toincreaseproductivitybyfocusingsolelyonwork-relatedtechnology.D)Toprotestagainsttheover-commercializationofsocialmediaplatforms.22.Accordingtothepassage,whatisonenegativeeffectofheavysocialmediause?A)Itimprovestechnicalskills.B)Itcanleadtofeelingsofloneliness.C)Italwaysenhancessocialconnections.D)Itincreasesmelatoninproduction.23.Whatdoestheterm"continuouspartialattention"referto?A)Theabilitytomultitaskefficiently.B)Astateofdeepfocusonasingleactivity.C)Aweakenedcapacitytoconcentrateduetofrequentdistractions.D)Themindfuluseofmultipleapplications.24.Whatisacriticismleveledagainstthedigitaldetoxmovement?A)Itisnotsupportedbyanyscientificresearch.B)Itistooeasyforeveryonetoimplement.C)Itmaynotbepracticalorpossibleforeveryone.D)Itencouragesexcessiveuseoftechnology.25.Whatisthecoreideabehind"digitalmindfulness"?A)Completelyeliminatingscreentimefromdailylife.B)Usingtechnologyinamoreintentionalandcontrolledmanner.C)Usingonlythelatestandmostadvanceddigitaltools.D)Delegatingalldigitaltaskstoautomatedsoftware.PassageTwoQuestions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Forcenturies,forestshavebeenviewedprimarilyasasourceoftimberandfuel.However,modernecologyhasrevealedafarmorecriticalrole:forestsareindispensablealliesinthefightagainstclimatechange.Throughtheprocessofphotosynthesis,treesabsorbcarbondioxide(CO₂),amajorgreenhousegas,fromtheatmosphereandstorethecarbonintheirtrunks,branches,roots,andleaves.Thisnaturalcarboncaptureandstorageserviceisvitalformitigatingglobalwarming.Old-growthforests,inparticular,arecolossalcarbonreservoirs.AsinglematuretreecanabsorbdozensofpoundsofCO₂peryear,andanentireforestecosystemstorescarboninitslivingbiomass,deadwood,andsoilsforcenturies.Whenforestsareclearedordegraded,thisstoredcarbonisreleasedbackintotheatmosphere,exacerbatingclimatechange.DeforestationiscurrentlyresponsibleforasignificantpercentageofglobalCO₂emissions,comparabletotheemissionsfromalltheworld'scars,trucks,ships,andairplanescombined.Beyondtheirclimatefunction,forestsprovideamultitudeofotheressentialecosystemservices.Theyregulatewatercycles,preventsoilerosion,andharbormostoftheworld'sterrestrialbiodiversity.Theyalsosupportthelivelihoodsofmillionsofpeopleandcontributetohumanhealthandwell-beingthroughtheprovisionofcleanair,water,andmedicinalresources.Recognizingtheseinvaluablebenefits,internationaleffortstoprotectandrestoreforestshavegainedmomentum.InitiativeslikeREDD+(ReducingEmissionsfromDeforestationandForestDegradation)aimtocreatefinancialvalueforthecarbonstoredinforests,offeringincentivesfordevelopingcountriestoconservethem.Large-scalereforestationandafforestationprojectsarebeinglaunchedworldwide.Yet,significantchallengesremain.Protectingforestsoftenconflictswithshort-termeconomicinterestssuchasagriculture,mining,andurbanexpansion.Enforcementofprotectionlawscanbeweak,andillegalloggingpersistsinmanyregions.Successfulforestconservationrequiresnotonlypoliticalwillandinternationalcooperationbutalsoaddressingtheunderlyingdriversofdeforestation,includingpovertyandthedemandforcommoditieslikepalmoil,soy,andbeef.Thepathforwardiscomplexbutclear.Safeguardingtheworld'sforestsisnotmerelyanenvironmentalissue;itisafundamentalnecessityforclimatestability,biodiversityconservation,andsustainablehumandevelopment.Afuturethatsecurestheseancientecosystemsisafuturethatsecuresourown.26.Whatistheprimaryreasonforestsareconsideredcrucialincombatingclimatechange?A)Theyproducelargeamountsofoxygen.B)Theyabsorbandstorecarbondioxidefromtheair.C)Theyprovidehabitatsforendangeredspecies.D)Theyareamajorsourceofrenewableenergy.27.Whatistheconsequenceofdeforestationaccordingtothepassage?A)Itimmediatelyincreasesoxygenlevels.B)Itreleasesstoredcarbonintotheatmosphere.C)Ithasnosignificantimpactonglobalemissions.D)Itprimarilyaffectslocalwaterqualityonly.28.WhatdoestheacronymREDD+standforinthecontextofforestconservation?A)RenewableEnergyDevelopmentandDeploymentB)ReducingEmissionsfromDeforestationandForestDegradationC)ReforestationforEnvironmentalDiversityandDevelopmentD)RegionalEcosystemandBiodiversityDefense29.Whichofthefollowingismentionedasamajorobstacletoforestprotection?A)Lackofscientificunderstandingaboutforests'benefits.B)Competitionfromshort-termeconomicdevelopmentinterests.C)Absenceofanyinternationalagreementsonthematter.D)Thehighcostofplantingnewtrees.30.Whatistheauthor'soverallattitudetowardstheimportanceofforestconservation?A)Skepticalanddismissive.B)Neutralandobservational.C)Urgentandadvocating.D)Regretfulandpessimistic.PartIIITranslation(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youarerequiredtotranslateaparagraphfromChineseintoEnglish.中国书法(calligraphy)是一门独特的传统艺术，距今已有数千年的历史。它不仅是书写汉字的方法，更是一种