雅思（阅读）模拟试卷95

雅思（阅读）模拟试卷95

一、综合题（本题共40题，每题1.0分，共40分。）

Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions1-13,whicharebasedonReading

PassageIbelow.NATUREONDISPLAYINAMERICANZOOSbyElizabethHanson

ThefirstzoointheUnitedStatesopenedinPhiladelphiain1874,followedbythe

CincinnatiZoothenextyear.By1940therewerezoosinmorethanonehundred

Americancities.ThePhiladelphiaZoowasmorethoroughlyplannedandbetterfinanced

thanmostofthehundredsofzoosthatwouldopenlaterbutinitslandscapeandits

mission-tobotheducateandentertain-itembodiedideasabouthowtobuildazoothat

stayedconsistentfordecades.Thezooscameintoexistenceinthelatenineteenthcentury

duringthetransitionoftheUnitedStatesfromaruralandagriculturalnationtoan

industrialone.Thepopulationmorethandoubledbetween1860and1900.Asmore

middle-classpeoplelivedincities,theybeganseekingnewrelationshipswiththenatural

worldasaplaceforrecreation,self-improvement,andspiritualrenewal.Cities

establishedsystemsofpublicparks,andnaturetourism-alreadypopular-becameeven

morefashionablewiththeestablishmentofnationalparks.Naturewasthoughttobegood

forpeopleofallagesandclasses.Naturestudywasincorporatedintoschoolcurricula,

andnaturalhistorycollcciingbecameanincreasinglypopularpastime.Atthesametime,

thefieldsofstudywhichwerepreviouslythoughtofas'naturalhistory'grewinto

separateareassuchastaxonomy,experimentalembryologyandgenetics,eachwithits

ownexpertsandstructures.Aslaboratoryresearchgainedprestigeinthezoology

departmentsofAmericanuniversities,thegapbetweenprofessionalandamateur

scientificactivitieswidened.Previously,naturalhistoryhadbeenopentoamateursand

waseasilypopularized,butresearchrequiredaccesstomicroscopesandotherequipment

inlaboratories,aswellasadvancededucation.Thenewzoossetthemselvesapartfrom

travelinganimalshowsbystatingtheirmissionaseducationandtheadvancementof

science,inadditiontorecreation.Zoospresentedzoologyforthenon-spccialist,atatime

whentheintellectualdistancebetweenamateurnaturalistsandlaboratory-oriented

zoologistswasincreasing.Theyattractedwideaudiencesandquicklybecameafeatureof

everygrowingandforward-thinkingcity.Theywereemblemsofcivicprideonalevelof

importancewithartmuseums,naturalhistorymuseumsandbotanicalgardens.Most

Americanzooswerefoundedandoperatedaspartofthepublicparksadministration.

Theyweredependentonmunicipalfunds,andtheychargednoadmissionfee.They

tendedtoassembleasmanydifferentmammalandbirdspeciesaspossible,alongwitha

fewreptiles,exhibitingoneortwospecimensofeach,andtheycompetedwitheachother

tobecomethefirsttodisplayararity,likearhinoceros.Intheconstantefforttoattract

thepublictomakereturnvisits,certaintypesofdisplaycameinandoutoffashion;for

example,dozensofzoosbuiltspecialislandsfortheirlargepopulationsofmonkeys.In

the1930s,theWorksProgressAdministrationfundedmillionsofdollarsofconstruction

atdozensofzoos.Forthemostpart,thecollectionsofanimalswereorganisedbyspecies

inacombinationofenclosuresaccordingtoafairlylooseclassificationscheme.

Althoughmanyhistoriesofindividualzoosdescribethe1940sthroughthe1960sasa

periodofstagnation,andinsomecasestherewasneglect,newzooscontinuedtobeset

upalloverthecountry.Inthe1940sand1950s,thefirstzoosdesignedspecificallyfor

childrenwerebuilt,somewiththeappealoffarmanimals.Anincreasingnumberofzoos

triednewwaysoforganizingtheirdisplays.Inadditiontothetraditionalapproachof

exhibitinglikekindstogether,zooplannershadanewapproachofputtinganimalsin

groupsaccordingtotheircontinentoforiginanddesigningexhibitsshowinganimalsof

particularhabitats,forexample,polar,desert,orforest.Duringthe1960s,afewzoos

arrangedsomedisplaysaccordingtoanimalbehavior;theBronxZoo,fbrinstance,

openeditsWorldofDarknessexhibitofnocturnalanimals.Paradoxically,atthesame

timeaszoodisplaysbeganincorporatingideasabouttheecologicalrelationshipsbetween

animals,bigcatsandprimatescontinuedtobedisplayedinbathroom-likecageslined

withtiles.Bythe1970s,anewwaveofreformwasstirring.Popularmovementsfor

environmentalismandanimalwelfarecalledattentiontoendangeredspeciesandtozoos

thatdidnotprovideadequatecarefortheiranimals.Moreprojectswereundertakenby

researchscientistsandzoosbeganhiringfull-timevetsastheysteppedupcaptive

breedingprograms.Manyzoosthathadbeensupportedentirelybymunicipalbudgets

beganrecruitingprivatefinancialsupportandchargingadmissionfees.Intheprosperous

1980sand1990s,zoosbuiltrealistic'landscapeimmersion'exhibits,manyofthemaround

thethemeofthetropicalrainforestand,increasingly,conservationmovedtotheforefront

ofzooagendas.AlthoughzooswerepopularandproliferatinginstitutionsintheUnited

Statesattheturnofthetwentiethcentury,historianshavepaidlittleattentiontothem.

Perhapszooshavebeenignoredbecausetheywere,andremainstill,multi-purpose

institutions,andassuchtheyfallbetweenthecategoriesofanalysisthathistoriansoften

use.Inaddition,theirstatedgoalsofrecreation,education,theadvancementofscience,

andprotectionofendangeredspecieshaveoftenconflicted.Zoosoccupyadifficult

middlegroundbetweenscienceandshowmanship,highcultureandlow,remoteforests

andthecementcityscape,andwildanimalsandurbanpeople.Questions1-7Dothe

followingstatementsagreewiththeinformationgiveninReadingPassage1?Inboxes1-

7onyouranswersheet,writeTRUEifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationFAI.SE

ifthestatementcontradictstheinformationNOTGIVENifthereisnoinformationon

this

1、TheconceptsonwhichthePhiladelphiaZoowasbasedsoonbecameunfashionable.

A、真

B、假

C、NOTGIVEN

标准答案：B

知识点解析：Thefirstparagraphsays'ThePhiladelphiaZoo...embodiedideasabout

howtobuildazoothatstayedconsistent[=remainedthesame]fbrdecades'soitsideas

remainedfashionable.

2、Theopeningofzooscoincidedwithatrendforpeopletoliveinurbanareas.

A、真

B、假

C、NOTGIVEN

标准答案：A

知识点解析：Thefirstparagraphsays'Thezooscameintoexistence...duringthe

transitionoftheUnitedStatesfromaruralandagriculturalnationtoanindustrialone,[=

atrendforpeopletoliveinurbanareas].

3、Duringtheperiodwhenmanyzooswereopened,thestudyofnaturalhistorybecame

morepopularinuniversitiesthanotherscientificsubjects.

A、M

B、假

C、NOTGIVEN

标准答案：C

知识点解析：Inthesecondparagraphwearetoldthatnaturalhistorystudies

changed('grewintoseparateareas^butnothowtheycomparedinpopularitywithother

scientificsubjects.

4、Citiesrecognisedthatthenewzooswereassignificantanamenityasmuseums.

A、真

B、假

C、NOTGIVEN

标准答案：A

知识点解析:Thethirdparagraphsayszoosbecame'emblemsofcivicprideonalevel

ofimportancewithartmuseums

5、Between1940and1960someolderzooshadtomovetonewsitesinordertoexpand.

A、真

B、假

C、NOTGIVEN

标准答案：C

知识点解析：Thefifthparagr叩hsaystherewas'stagnation'andeven'neglect'

amongstzoosinthe1940s,1950sand1960sandthat'newzooscontinuedtobesetup'

butitdoesn'tsaytheolderzooshadtomove.

6、Inthe1970snewwaysoffundingzoosweredeveloped.

A、真

B＞假

C、NOTGIVEN

标准答案：A

知识点解析：Thesixthparagraphsays'Manyzoosthathadbeensupportedentirelyby

municipalbudgets[=localgovernmentmoney|beganrecruitingprivatefinancialsupport

andchargingadmissionfees\

7、Therehasbeenseriousdisagreementamongsthistoriansabouttheroleofthefirst

zoos.

知识点解析：Paragraphsixsays'increasingly,conservationmovedtotheforefrontof

zooagendas[=tothetopofzoos'listsofplans]\

Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions14-26,whicharebasedonReading

Passage2below.Canwepreventthepolesfrommelting?Agrowingnumberof

scientistsarelookingtoincreasinglyambitioustechnologicalfixestohaltthetideof

globalwarming.MarkRowereports.ASuchisourdependenceonfossilfuels,andsuch

isthevolumeofcarbondioxidewehavealreadyreleasedintotheatmosphere,thatmost

climatescientistsagreethatsignificantglobalwarmingisnowinevitable-thebestwe

canhopetodoiskeepitatareasonablelevel,andeventhatisgoingtobeanuphilltask.

Atpresent,theonlyseriousoptiononthetablefordoingthisiscuttingbackonour

carbonemissions,butwhileafewcountriesaremakingmajorstridesinthisregard,the

majorityarehavinggreatdifficultyevenstemmingtherateofincrease,letalone

reversingit.Consequently,anincreasingnumberofscientistsarebeginningtoexplore

thealternatives.Theyallfallunderthebannerofgcocnginccring-generallydefinedas

theintentionallarge-scalemanipulationoftheenvironment.BGeoengineeringhasbeen

showntowork,atleastonasmall,localisedscale,fordecades.MayDayparadesin

Moscowhavetakenplaceunderclearblueskies,aircrafthavingdepositeddryice,silver

iodideandcementpowdertodisperseclouds.Manyoftheschemesnowsuggestedlook

todotheopposite,andreducetheamountofsunlightreachingtheplanet.Onescheme

focusesonachievingageneralcoolingoftheEarthandinvolvestheconceptofreleasing

aerosolspraysintothestratosphereabovetheArctictocreatecloudsofsulphurdioxide,

whichwould,inturn,leadtoaglobaldimming.Theideaismodelledonhistorical

volcanicexplosions,suchasthatofMountPinatubointhePhilippinesin1991,whichled

toashort-termcoolingofglobaltemperaturesby0.5℃.Theaerosolscouldbedelivered

byartillery,highHyingaircraftorballoons.CInsteadofconcentratingonglobalcooling,

otherschemeslookspecificallyatreversingthemeltingatthepoles.Oneideaisto

bolsteranicecapbysprayingitwithwater.Usingpumpstocarrywaterfrombelowthe

seaice,thespraywouldcomeoutassnoworiceparticles,producingthickerseaicewith

ahigheralbcdo(theratioofsunlightreflectedfromasurface)toreflectsummerradiation.

ScientistshavealsoscrutinisedwhetheritispossibletoblockicefjordsinGreenlandwith

cableswhichhavebeenreinforced,preventingicebergsfrommovingintothesea.Veli

AlbertKallio,aFinnishscientist,saysthatsuchanideaisimpractical,becausetheforce

oftheicewouldultimatelysnapthecablesandrapidlyreleasealargequantityoffrozen

iceintothesea.However,Kalliobelievesthatthesortofcablesusedinsuspension

bridgescouldpotentiallybeusedtodivert,ratherthanhalt,thesouthwardmovementof

icefromSpitsbergen.'Itwouldstoptheicemovingsouth,andlocalcurrentswouldsee

themfloatnorthwards,'hesays.DAnumberofgcocnginccringideasarccurrentlybeing

examinedintheRussianArctic.Theseincludeplantingmillionsofbirchtrees:the

thinking,accordingtoKallio,isthattheirwhitebarkwouldincreasetheamountof

reflectedsunlight.Thelossoftheirleavesinwinterwouldalsoenablethesnowtoreflect

radiation.Incontrast,thenativeevergreenpinestendtoshadethesnowandabsorb

radiation.Usingice-breakingvesselstodeliberatelybreakupandscattercoastalseaice

inbothArcticandAntarcticwatersintheirrespectiveautumns,anddivertingRussian

riverstoincreasecold-waterflowtoice-formingareas,couldalsobeusedtoslowdown

warming,Kalliosays.'Youwouldneedthewindtoblowtherightway,butintheright

conditions,bylettingicefloatfreeandheadnorth,youwouldenhanceicegrowth.'EBut

willsuchideaseverbeimplemented?Themajorcounter-argumentstogcocnginccring

schemesare,first,thattheyarea'cop-out'thatallowustocontinuelivingthewaywedo,

ratherthanreducingcarbonemissions;and,second,eveniftheydowork,wouldtheside-

effectsoutweightheadvantages?Thenthere'sthedauntingprospectofupkeepandrepair

ofanyschemeaswellastheconsequencesofatechnicalfailure.'Ithinkallofusagree

thatifweweretoendgeoengineeringonagivenday,thentheplanetwouldreturntoits

pre-engineeredconditionveryrapidly,andprobablywithin10to20years,'saysDrPhil

Rasch,chiefscientistforclimatechangeattheUS-bascdPacificNorthwestNational

Laboratory.'That'scertainlysomethingtoworryabout.Iwouldconsidergeoengineering

asastrategytoemployonlywhilewemanagetheconversiontoanon-tossil-tuel

economy/'Theriskwithgeoengineeringprojectsisthatyoucan"overshoot"/saysDr

DanLunt,fromtheUniversityofBristol.*Youmaybringglobaltemperaturesbackto

pre-industriallevels,buttheriskisthatthepoleswillstillbewarmerthantheyshouldbe

andthetropicswillbecoolerthanbeforeindustrialisation.'FThemainreasonwhy

gcocnginccringiscountenancedbythemainstreamscientificcommunityisthatmost

researchershavelittlefaithintheabilityofpoliticianstoagree-andthenbringin-the

necessarycarboncuts.Evenleadingconservationorganisationsbelievethesubjectis

worthexploring.AsDrMartinSommerkorn,aclimatechangeadvisorsays,'Buthuman-

inducedclimatechangehasbroughthumanitytoapositionwhereitisimportantnotto

excludethinkingthoroughlyaboutthistopicanditspossibilitiesdespitethepotential

drawbacks.If,overthecomingyears,thesciencetellsusaboutanever-increasedclimate

sensitivityoftheplanet-andthisisn'tunrealistic-thenwemaybebestservedbynot

havingtostartourthinkingfromscratch.*Questions14-18ReadingPassage2hassix

paragraphs,A-F.Whichparagraphcontainsthefollowinginformation?Writethecorrect

letter,A-F,inboxes14-18onyouranswersheet.Youmayuseanylettermorethanonce.

14、theexistenceofgcocnginccringprojectsdistractingfromtherealtaskofchanging

thewaywelive

标准答案：E

知识点解析：'theyarea"cop-out"[=avoidingdoingsomethingthatisexpectedofyou

whichyouthinkisloodiflicull]thatallowustocontinuelivingthewaywedo,rather

thanreducingcarbonemissions.5

15^circumstancesinwhichgeoengineeringhasdemonstratedsuccess

标准答案：B

知识点解析:'Gcocnginccringhasbeenshowntowork,atleastonasmall,localised

scale,fbrdecades.MayDayparadesinMoscow...todisperseclouds/

16、maintenanceproblemsassociatedwithgeoengineeringprojects

标准答案：E

知识点解析：’there'sthedauntingprospectofupkeepandrepairofanyscheme[=

maintenanceproblcms]aswellastheconsequencesofatechnicalfailure/

17、supportforgeoengineeringbeingduetoalackofconfidenceingovernments

标准答案：F

知识点解析：’Themainreasonwhygeoengineeringiscountenancedbythemainstream

scientificcommunityisthatmostresearchershavelittlefaithintheabilityofpoliticians

toagree[=lackofconfidenceingovernments]/

18、moresuccessinfightingclimatechangeinsomepartsoftheworldthanothers

标准答案：A

知识点解析：\vhileafewcountriesaremakingmajorstridesinthisregard,themajority

arehavinggreatdifficultyevenstemmingtherateofincrease,letalonereversingit[=

moresuccessinsomepartsoftheworldthanothers]?

Completethesummarybelow.ChooseNOMORETHANTWOWORDSfromthe

passageforeachanswer.Writeyouranswersinboxes19-23onyouranswersheet.

GeoengineeringprojectsArangeofgeoengineeringideashasbeenputforward,which

aimeithertopreventthemeltingoftheicecapsortostopthegeneralriseinglobal

temperatures.Oneschemetodiscouragethemeltingoficeandsnowinvolves

introducing[RI9]totheArcticbecauseoftheircolour.Thebuild-upoficc

couldbeencouragedbydispersingicealongthecoastsusingspecialshipsandchanging

thedirectionofsome[R20]butthisschemeisdependentoncertainweather

conditions.Anotherwayofincreasingtheamountoficeinvolvesusing[R21]

tobringwatertothesurface.Aschemetostopicemovingwoulduse（R22]

butthismethodismorelikelytobesuccessfulinpreventingtheiccfrom

travellinginonedirectionratherthanstoppingitaltogether.Asuggestionforcooling

globaltemperaturesisbasedonwhathashappenedinthepastafter[R23]andit

involvescreatingcloudsofgas.

19、[R19]

标准答案：birchtrees

知识点解析：ParagraphDsays'theirwhitebarkwouldincreasetheamountofreflected

sunlight5sotheydiscouragethemeltingoficeandsnow.Distraction:Evergreenpines

alsodiscouragethemeltingoficeandsnowbutnotbecauseoftheircolour.

20、[R201

标准答案：（Russian）rivers

知识点解析：ParagraphDsays'divertingRussianriverstoincreasecold-waterflowto

ice-fbnningareas'.

21、[R21]

标准答案：pumps

知识点解析：ParagraphCsays'Usingpumpstocarrywaterfrombelowtheseaice,the

spraywouldcomeoutassnoworiceparticles,producingthickerseaice,.

22、[R22]

标准答案：cables

知识点解析:ParagraphCsays'thesortofcablesusedinsuspensionbridgescould

potentiallybeusedtodivert|=preventtheicefromtravellinginonedirection|,rather

thanhalt[=stop],thesouthwardmovementofice\

23、[R23]

标准答案：volcanicexplosions

知识点解析：ParagraphBsays'Theideaismodelledonhistoricalvolcanicexplosions'.

Lookatthefollowingpeople(Questions24-26)andthelistofopinionsbelow.Matcheach

personwiththecorrectopinion,A-E.Writethecorrectletter,A-E,inboxes24-26on

youranswersheetListofopinionsATheproblemsofgcocnginccringshouldn'tmean

thatideasarenotseriouslyconsidered.BSomegeoenginceringprojectsaremorelikely

tosucceedthanothers.CGeoengineeringonlyoffersashort-termsolution.DApositive

outcomeofgeoengineeringmayhaveanegativeconsequenceelsewhere.EMost

geoengineeringprojectsaren'tclearinwhattheyareaimingat.

24、PhilRasch

标准答案：C

知识点解析：ParagraphEsays'Iwouldconsidergeoengineeringasastrategyto

employonlywhilewemanagetheconversiontoanon-fossil-fueleconomy[=ashort­

termsolution]\

25、DanLunt

标准答案：D

知识点解析：ParagraphEsays'Youmaybringglobaltemperaturesback...thetropics

willbecoolerthanbeforeindustrialisation'.

26、MartinSommerkorn

标准答案：A

知识点解析：ParagraphFsays'Buthuman-inducedclimatechangehasbrought

humanitytoaposition...despitethepotentialdrawbacks\DistractionB:InparagraphC

Kalliomentionsaprojectwhichislesslikelytosucceedthanothers,butRasch,Luntand

Sommerkorndon'tcompareprojects;E:InparagraphELuntsaysthatprojectsmaygo

furtherthantheyexpected[=overshoot]buthedoesn'tsaytheydon'tknowwhatthey,re

aimingat.

arebasedonReading

Passage3below.America'soldestart?Set

withintreacherouslysteepcliffs,andhiddenawayinthesecludedvalleysofnortheast

Brazil,issomeofSouthAmerica'smostsignificantandspectacularrock-arLMostofthe

artsofardiscoveredfromtheongoingexcavationscomesfromthearchaeologically-

importantNationalParkoftheSerradaCapivarainthestateofPiaui,anditiscausing

quiteacontroversy.Thereasonfortheuproar?Theartisbeingdatedtoaround25,000or

perhaps,accordingtosomearchaeologists,even36,000yearsago.Ifcorrect,thisissetto

challengethewidelyheldviewthattheAmericaswerefirstcolonisedfromthenorth,via

theBeringStraitsfromeasternSiberiaataroundI(),()()()BC,onlymoving(iowninto

CentralandSouthAmericainthemillenniathereafter.Priortothedesignationof130,000

hectaresasaNationalPark,therock-artsitesweredifficulttogelto,andoftendangerous

toenter.Inancienttimes,thisinaccessibilitymusthaveheightenedtheimportanceofthe

sites,andindeedofthepeoplewhopaintedontherocks.Wildanimalsandhumanfigures

dominatetheart,andareincorporatedintooften-complexscenesinvolvinghunting,

supernaturalbeings,fightinganddancing.Theartistsdepictedtheanimalsthatroamed

thelocalancientbrushwoodforest.Thelargemammalsareusuallypaintedingroupsand

tendtobeshowninarunningstance,asthoughtryingtoescapefromhuntingparties.

Processions-linesofhumanandanimalfigures-alsoappearofgreatimportancetothese

ancientartists.Mightsuchlinesrepresentfamilyunitsorgroupsofwarriors?Ona

numberofpanels,rowsofstylisedfigures,somenumberingupto30individualfigures,

werepaintedusingthenaturalundulatingcontoursoftherocksurface,soevokingthe

contoursofthesurroundinglandscape.Otherinteresting,butveryrare,occurrencesare

scenesthatshowsmallhumanfiguresholdingontoanddancingaroundatree,possibly

involvedinsomeformofaritualdance.Ductothefavourableclimaticconditions,the

imageryonmanypanelsisinaremarkablestateofpreservation.Despitethis,however,

thereareseriousconservationissuesthataffecttheirlong-termsurvival.Thechemical

andmineralqualitiesoftherockonwhichtheimageryispaintedisfragileandonseveral

panelsitisunstable.Aswellasthesecretionofsodiumcarbonateontherocksurface,

completepanelsectionshave,overtheancientandrecentpast,brokenawayfromthe

mainrocksurface.Thesehave(henbecomeburiedandsealedintosometimes-ancient

floordeposits.Perversely,thisformofnaturalerosionandsubsequentdepositionhas

assistedarchaeologistsindatingseveralmajorrock-artsites.Ofcourse,datingtheartis

extremelydifficultgiventhenon-existenceofplantandanimalremainsthatmightbe

scientificallydated.However,thereareasmallnumberofsitesintheSerradaCapivara

thataregivinguptheirsecretsthroughgoodsystematicexcavation.Thus,atTocado

BoqueiraodaPedraFurada,rock-artresearcherNiedeGuidonmanagedtoobtaina

numberofdates.Atdifferentlevelsofexcavation,shelocatedfallenpaintedrock

fragments,whichshewasabletodatetoatleast36,000yearsago.Alongwiththe

paintedfragments,crudestonetoolswerefound.Alsodiscoveredwereaseriesof

scientificallydatablesitesoffireplaces,orhearths,theearliestdatedto46,000BC,

arguablytheoldestdatesforhumanhabitationintheAmericas.However,these

conclusionsarenotwithoutcontroversy.Critics,mainlyfromNorthAmerica,have

suggestedthatthehearthsmayinfactbeanaturalphenomenon,theresultofseasonal

brushwoodfires.SeveralNorthAmericanresearchershavegonefurtherandsuggested

thattherock-artfromthissitedatesfromnoearlierthanabout3,730yearsago,basedon

theresultsotlimitedradiocarbondating.Addingfurtherlueltothegeneraldebateisthe

factthattheartistsintheareaoftheNationalParktendednottodrawoveroldmotifs(as

oftenoccurswithrock-art),whichmakesithardtoworkouttherelativechronologyof

theimagesorstyles.However,thediversityofimageryandthenarrativethepaintings

createfromeachofthemanysiteswithintheNationalParksuggestsdifferentartistswere

probablymakingtheirartatdifferenttimes,andpotentiallyusingeachsiteovermany

thousandsofyears.Withfiercedebatesthusragingoverthedating,wheretheseartists

originatefromisalsostillverymuchopentospeculation.Thetraditionalviewignoresall

theearlydatingevidencefromtheSouthAmericanrock-artsites.Inarevisedscenario,

somepalaeo-anthropologistsarenowsuggestingthatmodernhumansmayhavemigrated

fromAfricausingthestrongcurrentsoftheAtlanticOceansome60,000yearsormore

ago,whileotherssuggestamoreimprobablecolonisationcomingfromthePacific

Ocean.Yet,whileeitherhypothesisisplausible,thereisstillnosupporting

archaeologicalevidencebetweentheSouthAmericancoastlineandtheinterior.Rather,it

seemspossiblethattherewereanumberofwavesofhumancolonisationoftheAmericas

occurringpossiblyovera60,000-100,000yearperiod,probablyusingtheBeringStraits

asaland-bridgetocrossintotheAmericas.DespitethecompellingevidencefromSouth

America,itstandsalone:theearliestsecurehumanevidenceyetfoundinthestateof

OregoninNorthAmericaonlydatesto12,300yearsBC.Sothisisafiercedebatethatis

likelytogoonformanymoreyears.However,thesplendidrock-artanditsallied

archaeologyofnortheastBrazil,(icscribcdhere,isplayingahugeandsignificantrolein

thediscussion.Questions27-29Choosethecorrectletter,A,B,CorD.Writethecorrect

letterinboxes27-29onyouranswersheet.

27、Accordingtothefirstparagraph,therock-artinSerradaCapivaramayrevolutionise

acceptedideasabout

A、thewayprimitivepeoplelivedinNorthAmerica.

thedatewhentheearliestpeoplearrivedinSouthAmerica.

C、theoriginofthepeoplewhocrossedtheBeringStraits.

D、thevarietyofcultureswhichdevelopedinSouthAmerica.

标准答案：B

知识点解析:1'hcfirstparagraphsays'thisissettochallengethewidelyheldvicw|=

mayrevolutioniseacceptedidcas]thattheAmericaswerefirstcolonised...ataround

10,000BC,onlymovingdownintoCentralandSouthAmericainthemillennia

thereafter\DistractionC:AlthoughtheBeringStraitsarementioned,itisthetimescale

thatisthefocusofthissentence,nottheplacesorpeople;AandD:thereisnomentionof

eitherthe1primitivepeople?orthe5varietyofcultures'inthetext.

28、Howdidtheancientartistsusetheformoftherockwheretheypainted?

A^tomimictheshapeofthecountrysidenearby

B、toemphasisetheshapeofdifferentanimals

C、togiveaddedlightandshadetotheirpaintings

D、togivetheimpressionofdistanceincomplexworks

标准答案：A

知识点解析：Thesecondparagraphsays'paintedusingthenaturalundulating

contours[二curvedshapesjoftherocksurface,soevoking|=remindingtheviewerof|the

contoursofthesurroundinglandscape,.

29、Inthefourthparagraph,whatdoesthewritersayisunusualabouttherock-artistsof

SerradaCapivara?

A、Theyhadaverywiderangeofsubject-matter.

B、Theirworkoftenappearstobeillustratingastory.

C、Theytendedtouseavarietyofstylesinonepainting.

D、Theyrarelymadenewpaintingsontopofoldones.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：Thefourthparagraphsays'theartists...tendednottodrawoverold

motifs(asoftenoccurswi:hrock-art)..7.DistractionA:Althoughthetextrefersto'awide

rangeofsubject-matterX'thediversityofimageryandthenarrativethepaintingscreatev),

itsuggeststheseweremadeby,differentartists...atdifferenttimes);B: