大学英语四级往届试题

大学英语四级往届试题

PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayontheimportanceofdevelopingahealthylifestyleamongcollegestudents.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.TheRiseofTelecommutingThetraditional9-to-5officejobisundergoingasignificanttransformation.Telecommuting,orworkingfromhome,hasmovedfromarare(1)______toamainstreamoptionformanyemployees.Thisshifthasbeen(2)______byadvancementsintechnology,changingcorporatecultures,andagrowingdesireforwork-lifebalance.High-speedinternet,cloudcomputing,andcollaborativesoftwarehavemadeit(3)______forteamstofunctioneffectivelyacrossdistances.Foremployees,thebenefitscanbe(4)______:nodailycommutesavestimeandmoney,andtheflexibilityoftenleadstoincreasedjobsatisfactionand(5)______.Employersalsogainadvantages,suchasaccesstoawidertalentpoolnot(6)______bygeographyandreducedoverheadcostsforofficespace.However,telecommutingisnotwithoutits(7)______.Someemployeesstrugglewithisolationandtheblurringof(8)______betweenworkandpersonallife.Managersmayfinditchallengingto(9)______productivityandfosterteamcohesion.Asthistrendcontinues,bothcompaniesandworkersmust(10)______strategiestomaximizeitsbenefitswhilemitigatingthepotentialdownsides.WordBank:A)boundariesB)considerableC)considerD)constraintsE)drivenF)engagedG)feasibleH)incentiveI)limitationsJ)monitorK)productivityL)promotedM)prospectN)solelyO)substantialSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagefollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.PassageOneQuestions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Theconceptof"slowfood"beganinItalyinthe1980sasadirectprotestagainsttheopeningofaMcDonald'srestaurantneartheSpanishStepsinRome.FounderCarloPetrinienvisionedamovementthatwouldcounteracttheriseoffastfoodandfastlife.Unlikethefastfoodindustry,whichprioritizesspeedanduniformity,theslowfoodmovementemphasizestraditionalcookingmethods,locallysourcedingredients,andthepleasureofleisurelydining.Itisnotjustabouteating;it'saboutpreservingculinaryheritage,promotingsustainableagriculture,andfosteringadeeperconnectionbetweenconsumersandproducers.Proponentsarguethatslowfoodsupportslocaleconomiesbykeepingmoneywithinthecommunityandprotectstheenvironmentbyreducingthecarbonfootprintassociatedwithlong-distancetransportationoffood.Moreover,itencouragesbiodiversitybycreatingdemandforheirloomvarietiesoffruitsandvegetablesthatmightotherwisedisappear.Critics,however,claimthatslowfoodisoftenmoreexpensiveandtime-consuming,makingitaluxurynotaccessibletoeveryone.Theypointoutthatthefastfoodmodelmeetstheneedsofbusy,budget-consciousfamilies.Despitethis,theslowfoodmovementhasgrownintoaglobalnetwork,inspiringpeopletoreconsiderhowtheirfoodchoicesimpacttheirhealth,society,andtheplanet.11.Whatwastheoriginalcausefortheslowfoodmovement?A)Aconcernaboutglobalobesityrates.B)Aprotestagainstthespreadoffastfoodchains.C)Adesiretoimprovecookingtechniquesworldwide.D)Acampaignforhealthierschoollunches.12.WhichofthefollowingisNOTaprincipleoftheslowfoodmovement?A)Usingingredientsfromlocalsuppliers.B)Preparingmealsquicklyforconvenience.C)Valuingtraditionalcookingmethods.D)Enjoyingmealsinarelaxedmanner.13.Accordingtothepassage,howdoestheslowfoodmovementbenefittheenvironment?A)Byusingonlyorganicpesticides.B)Byreducingtheneedforfoodtransportationoverlongdistances.C)Bypromotingtheuseofprocessedfoods.D)Byencouraginglargerfarmsizes.14.Whatisacommoncriticismoftheslowfoodmovement?A)Itlacksaglobalnetwork.B)Itsfoodislesstasty.C)Itisnotaffordableorpracticalforallpeople.D)Itignoresculinarytraditions.15.Whatistheauthor'soveralltonetowardstheslowfoodmovement?A)Stronglycritical.B)Slightlysarcastic.C)Objectiveandinformative.D)Enthusiasticallypromotional.PassageTwoQuestions16to20arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thehumanbrain'sabilitytorecognizefacesisremarkable.Wecanidentifyafamiliarpersoninaninstant,evenaftermanyyearsorinpoorlighting.Thisspecializedskillisbelievedtobehousedinaregioncalledthefusiformgyrus.However,forsomeindividuals,thisprocessisimpaired,aconditionknownasprosopagnosia,orfaceblindness.Peoplewithprosopagnosiamayhavedifficultyrecognizingclosefamilymembers,friends,oreventheirownreflection.Theyoftenrelyonnon-facialcuessuchasvoice,hairstyle,clothing,orgaittoidentifyothers.Thiscanleadtosocialanxietyandawkwardness.Importantly,prosopagnosiaisnotrelatedtomemorylossorvisualacuityproblems;itisaspecificneurologicaldisorder.Itcanbepresentfrombirth(congenital)oracquiredlaterinlifeduetobraininjury.Researchintoprosopagnosiahashelpedscientistsunderstandhowthebrainorganizesvisualinformation.Itturnsoutthatfacerecognitionissocrucialforsocialinteractionthatthebraindedicatesspecificneuralmachinerytoit.Studiesusingbrainimaginghaveshownthatthefusiformgyrusactivatesstronglywhenpeoplelookatfacescomparedtootherobjects.Understandingthisconditionnotonlyhelpsthoseaffecteddevelopcopingstrategiesbutalsoshedslightontheintricatemodulardesignofthehumanbrain.16.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?A)Thestructureofthehumanbrain.B)Aconditionthataffectsfacerecognition.C)Techniquesforimprovingmemory.D)Theimportanceofsocialskills.17.Howdopeoplewithprosopagnosiatypicallyidentifyothers?A)Byfocusingintentlyonfacialfeatures.B)Byusingcueslikevoiceorclothing.C)Byrelyingontheirexceptionalmemory.D)Byavoidingsocialinteractionsaltogether.18.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutthecauseofprosopagnosia?A)Itissolelycausedbyheadinjuries.B)Itisaresultofpooreyesight.C)Itcanbeeitherinbornorresultingfrombraindamage.D)Itisprimarilyapsychologicaldisorder.19.Whathasresearchonprosopagnosiarevealedaboutthebrain?A)Thebrainprocessesallvisualinformationinthesamearea.B)Facerecognitionishandledbyaspecializedbrainregion.C)Memoryandfacerecognitionarecontrolledbythesamemodule.D)Thebraincaneasilyrewireitselftocompensateforthecondition.20.Theword"impaired"inparagraph1isclosestinmeaningto______.A)enhancedB)weakenedC)createdD)replacedSectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.PassageThreeQuestions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Inaneraofinformationoverload,theabilitytofocusisbecomingarareandvaluablecommodity.CalNewport,acomputerscienceprofessorandauthorof"DeepWork,"arguesthatthecapacitytoperform"deepwork"—professionalactivitiesperformedinastateofdistraction-freeconcentrationthatpushyourcognitiveabilitiestotheirlimit—isincreasinglyscarceyetincreasinglyvaluableinoureconomy.Hecontraststhiswith"shallowwork,"whichconsistsofnon-cognitivelydemanding,logistical-styletasksoftenperformedwhiledistracted,suchascheckingemailsorattendingroutinemeetings.Newportpositsthatdeepworkisnecessarytomastercomplexinformationandproducehigh-qualityresults.However,modernworkplacecultureandtechnology,particularlytheconstantconnectivityenabledbysmartphonesandemail,areengineeredtofragmentourattention.Thiscreatesaparadox:whiletheknowledgeeconomyrewardsdeepthinking,thetoolsofthiseconomyoftensabotageourabilitytoengageinit.Tocultivatedeepwork,Newportsuggestsstrategieslikeschedulingblocksofuninterruptedtime,embracingboredominsteadofimmediatelyseekingdigitalstimulation,andquittingsocialmediaordrasticallyreducingitsuse.Heemphasizesthatdeepworkisnotaninnatetalentbutaskillthatcanbedevelopedthroughpracticeandritual.Inacompetitivelandscape,thosewhocancultivatethisskillwillthrive.21.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A)Socialmediaisharmfultoproductivity.B)Theeconomicvalueoffocused,deepworkisrising.C)Emailistheprimarydistractionintheworkplace.D)Complexinformationcanonlybemasteredbygeniuses.22.AccordingtoNewport,whatisacharacteristicof"shallowwork"?A)Itrequiresintensecognitiveeffort.B)Itisoftendonewithdividedattention.C)Itproducesthemostvaluableoutcomes.D)Itisbecomingobsoleteinthemoderneconomy.23.Whatparadoxdoestheauthormention?A)Technologyhelpsusworksmarterbutmakesuslazier.B)Theknowledgeeconomyvaluesdeepworkbutusestoolsthatdiscourageit.C)Peoplewanttofocusmorebutenjoydistractionsmore.D)Deepworkisvaluablebuteasytoachieve.24.WhichofthefollowingisNOTsuggestedasastrategyfordeepwork?A)Allocatingspecifictimeperiodsforconcentratedwork.B)Learningtotoleratemomentsofboredom.C)Increasingthefrequencyofcheckingemails.D)Limitingtimespentonsocialmediaplatforms.25.WhatdoesNewportbelieveabouttheabilitytododeepwork?A)Itisanaturalgiftthatcannotbelearned.B)Itisonlypossibleforpeopleincertainprofessions.C)Itisaskillthatcanbeacquiredwithpractice.D)Itisdependentonhavingaquietoffice.PassageFourQuestions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Urbangardening,thepracticeofcultivatingfoodincities,isseeingaresurgence.Fromrooftopfarmstocommunitygardenplots,citydwellersaregrowingtheirownvegetables,herbs,andfruits.Thistrendisdrivenbymultiplefactors:adesireforfresh,organicproduce;concernsaboutfoodsecurity;andagrowingawarenessoftheenvironmentalcostsofindustrialagriculture.Beyondprovidingfood,urbangardensoffersignificantsocialandpsychologicalbenefits.Theytransformvacantlotsintogreenspaces,improvingneighborhoodaestheticsandevenreducingurbanheat.Communitygardens,inparticular,fostersocialinteraction,createasenseofsharedpurpose,andcanstrengthencommunitybonds.Forindividuals,gardeningisaformofphysicalactivityandstressrelief,connectingpeopletonatureinanoftenconcrete-dominatedenvironment.However,urbangardeningfaceschallenges.Soilcontaminationfrompastindustrialuseisaseriousconcern,requiringtestingandremediation.Accesstolandandwatercanbelimited,andnotallresidentshavethetimeorknowledgetogardeneffectively.Despitethesehurdles,manycitiesareactivelysupportingurbanagriculturethroughpoliciesandgrants,recognizingitspotentialtocontributetomoresustainableandresilienturbanecosystems.26.Whatisthemainreasonfortherenewedinterestinurbangardening?A)Thehighprofitfromsellingorganicfood.B)Acombinationofhealth,security,andenvironmentalconcerns.C)Governmentmandatesrequiringgreenspaces.D)Adecreaseintheavailabilityofsupermarketproduce.27.Whichofthefollowingismentionedasasocialbenefitofcommunitygardens?A)Theyincreasepropertytaxes.B)Theyprovideprofessionaltrainingforfarmers.C)Theyencouragesocialinteractionandcommunitybonding.D)Theyreplacetheneedforpublicparks.28.Whatisamajorchallengeassociatedwithurbangardening?A)Lackofconsumerinterestinfreshproduce.B)Pollutionfromgardeningtoolsandpesticides.C)Potentialsoilcontaminationincityareas.D)Excessiverainfallinurbanenvironments.29.Howaresomecitiesrespondingtothetrendofurbangardening?A)Bybanningittoprotectcommercialagriculture.B)Byprovidingpolicysupportandfinancialassistance.C)Byconvertingallparksintogardeningzones.D)Byignoringitasatemporaryfad.30.Whatistheauthor'sprimarypurposeinwritingthispassage?A)Towarnaboutthedangersofsoilcontamination.B)Toprovideastep-by-stepguidetostartinganurbangarden.C)Todiscussthebenefitsandchallengesofurbangardening.D)Toarguethaturbangardeningissuperiortoruralfarming.PartIIITranslation(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youarerequiredtotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouranswerontheAnswerSheet.中国书法(calligraphy)是一门独特的艺术，是中华文化的重要组成部分。它不仅仅是书写汉字，更是一种表达情感和个性的方式。书法家通过控制毛笔的力度和速度，创造出具有美感和力度的线条。练习书法需要耐心和专注，因此它也被视为一种修身养性的活动。千百年来，书法一直深受中国人民的喜爱，并影响了其他艺术形式，如绘画。今天，尽管人们更多地使用电脑和手机进行书写，但书法仍然作为一门传统艺术被珍视和实践。PartIVWriting(ThisparthasbeenpresentedatthebeginningasPartI.)---AnswerKeyPartIWriting(SampleEssay)Developingahealthylifestyleisofparamountimportanceforcollegestudents,whoareatacriticalstageoflife.Firstly,goodphysicalhealth,builtthroughregularexerciseandabalanceddiet,providestheenergyandstaminaneededtocopewithdemandingacademicschedules.Withoutit,concentrationandacademicperformancemaysuffer.Secondly,ahealthylifestyleencompassesmentalwell-being.Adequatesleep,stressmanagementtechniques,andtimeforrelaxationarecrucialinpreventingburnoutandanxiety,whicharecommononcampus.Furthermore,thehabitsformedduringtheseyearsoftensetthepatternforadulthood.Learningtobalancestudy,leisure,andself-careequipsstudentswithlifelongskillsforpersonalandprofessionalsuccess.Therefore,universitiesshouldencourageandfacilitatehealthylivingthroughfacilities,education,andasupportiveenvironment,asitisafundamentalinvestmentinstudents'presentandfuture.PartIIReadingComprehensionSectionA1.M)prospect2.E)driven3.G)feasible4.O)substantial5.K)productivity6.N)solely7.I)limitations8.A)boundaries9.J)monitor10.C)considerSectionBPassageOne11.B)Aprotestagainstthespreadoffastfoodchains.12.B)Preparingmealsquicklyforconvenience.13.B)Byreducingtheneedforfoodtransportationoverlongdistances.14.C)Itisnotaffo