阅读同步练习试卷38

阅读同步练习试卷38

一、阅读理解（本题共25题，每题7.0分，共25分。）

Ourbodiesarcwonderfullyskilfulatmaintainingbalance.Whenthetemperaturejumps,

wesweattocooldown.Whenourbloodpressurefalls,ourheartspoundtocompensate.

Asitturnedout,though,ournaturalstateisnotasteadyone.Researchersarefindingthat

everythingfrombloodpressuretobrainfunctionvariesrhythmicallywiththecyclesof

sun,moonandseasons.Andtheirinsightsareyieldingnewstrategiesforkeepingaway

suchcommonkillersasheartdiseaseandcancer.Onlyonedoctorin20hasagood

knowledgeofthegrowingfieldof''chronotherapeuticsthestrategicuseoftime

（chronos）inmedicine.ButaccordingtoanewAmericanMedicalAssociationpoll,three

outoffourarceagertochangethat"Thefieldisexploding",saysMichaelSmolensky.

"Doctorsusedtolookatuslike,'Whatspaceshipdidyouguysgetoff?'NowtheyYe

thirstytoknowmore."Inmedicalschool,mostdoctorslearnthatpeoplewithchronic

conditionsshouldtaketheirmedicineatsteadyrates."It'saterriblewaytotreatdisease/1

saysDr.RichardMartin.Forexample,asthmatics（气喘患者）aremostlikelytosuffer

duringthenight.Yetmostpatientsstrivetokeepaconstantlevelofmedicineintheir

blooddayandnight,whetherbybreathinginonaninhaler（吸入器）fourtimesadayor

takingapilleachmorningandevening.Inrecentstudies,researchershavefoundthata

largemidafternoondoseofabronchodilator（支气管扩张齐ij）canbeassafeasseveral

smalldoses,andbetterforpreventingnighttimeattacks.Ifthenightbelongstoasthma,

thedawnbelongstohighbloodpressureandheartdisease.Heartattacksarctwiceas

commonat9a.m.asat11p.m.Partofthereasonisthatourbloodpressurefalls

predictablyatnight,thenpeaksaswestarttoworkfortheday."Doctorsknowthat,"says

Dr.HenryBlackofChicagoMedicalCenter,"butuntilnow,wehaven'tbeenabletodo

anythingaboutit."Mostbloodpressuredrugsprovide18to20hoursofrelief.But

becausethey'retakeninthemorning,they'releasteffectivewhenmostneeded."Youtake

yourpillat7andit'sworkingby9,"saysDr.WilliamWhiteoftheUniversityof

ConnecticutHealthCenter."Butbythattimeyou'vegenethroughtheworstfourhoursof

thedaywithnoprotection,"Bedtimedosingwouldpreventthatlapse,butitwouldalso

pushbloodpressuretodangerouslylowlevelsduringthenight.

1Accordingtothepassage,howdohumanbodiesmaintainbalance?

A、Theyadjustthemselvestimelyinlinewiththeirphysicalconditions.

B、Peopleincreaseorlowerthebodytemperaturebysweating.

CxPeople'sheartspoundtocompensatewhenthebloodpressuregoesup.

D、BothBandC

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题是一道具体细节题。问本文指出人体怎样保持平衡。利用查阅式

阅读法，我们可在第一段前三句中找到相关信息。这部分指出，我们的身体很善于

保持平衡。例如，体温上升时，我们通过出汗降温；血压下降时，我们心跳速度加

快，补充压力。这都是指身体的自我调节能力，以保持其自身的平衡。因此，本题

的正确答案应是A"它们根据身体状况作及时调整”。

2、Researchersarefindingthat.

A、heartdiseaseandcancerarethemostcommonkillersofhumanbeings

B、bloodpressureandbrainfunctionaredecidedbycyclesofsun,moonandseasons

C、thefunctionsofhumanbodieshavemuchtodowithnature

D^anychangeinhumanbodiesgoessystematicallywithchangesintheenvironment

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题问研究人员发现了什么。文章第一段第五句指出，研究者发现，

从血压到大脑的功能等任何过程都随着太阳、月亮和四季的周期变化而发生有节奏

的变化。第二段和第三段分别以气喘病和高血压与心脏病的发作周期为例子，用以

说明这些病的昼夜变化。作者指出，气喘病的高发作期间发生在夜间，心脏病和高

血压的高发作率发生在清晨。因此，本题的正确答案应是C“人体的各种功能与自

然有很大关系

3、Accordingtotheauthor,itisbestforasthmaticstotaketheirmedicines.

A、atsteadyrates

B、eachmorningandevening

C、whenthediseaseoccurs

D、atmidafternoon

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题问按照作者的看法，气喘病患者最好在什么时候吃药。文章第二

段列举了气喘病患者的例子，用以说明适时用药的重要性。根据第二段第三句和第

四、五句，气喘病患者最可能晚间发作，但是，多数患者却要么每日4次用吸入器

吸入药，要么早晚吃药片，以尽力在血液中日夜保持相同剂量的药。这种用药方式

显然效果不会太好.最近的研究发现.在下午中段时间大剂量地使用支气管扩张剂

与分小剂量吃同样安全，但是，对防治夜间发作却更有效。可见，下午中段时间用

的药正好可以在晚间发挥药力，与病的发作时间正好吻合，而早间吃的药到夜间已

经失去了药力。因此，本题的正确答案应是D。

4、WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

A、Doctorsknowmoreaboutchronotherapeuticsthanbefore.

B、DoctorsintheU.S.usedtobethirstytoknowmoreaboutthenewmedicalfield.

C、Theresearchers,insightsareprovidingnewstrategiestopreventcommonkillers.

D、Thestrategicuseoftimeinmedicineattractsmoreattentioninthemedicalcirclein

theU.S.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题是一道判断是非题。问下面哪个说法是不正确的。针对四个选项

的内容，利用查阅式阅读法，结合原文相关信息，我们可以发现，“时间疗法”是一

个新的治疗方法，它通过合理掌握用药时间，达到更有效的治疗目的。所以，第一

段后半段指出，只有1/20的医生掌握这一新领域。但是，根据美国医学协会的调

查，3/4的人想改变这种状况。所以，斯莫林斯基说：这个领域正在“爆炸”，医

生们曾经把我们看做“天外来客他们说：“你们老兄们是坐什么飞船来的?”现

在，他们却极力想更多地了解这一领域。可见，医生们才刚刚开始对“时间疗法''感

兴趣。因此，本题的正确答案应是B“美国医生曾对这一新医学领域怀有极大的好

奇心

5、Thesuggestedtitleforthispassagemightbe.

A^MedicineIsEverything

B>IreatmcntIsEverything

C、TimingIsEverything

D^PreventionIsEverything\

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题问文章的可能的标题是什么。通读全文内容，我们知道本文主要

说明的是如何合理掌握用药时间，以达到更有效的治疗之目的，即“时间疗法因

此，本题的正确答案应是C“时间的选择至关重要”。

Somedaytherewillbearobotthattakesthedrudgery（苦工，单调沉闷的匚作）outof

housework—andevencleanswindows,buthowsoonsucharobotwillemergei*

anybody'sguess.Mr.JosephEngelberger,PresidentofUnimation,Inc.,whichmakes

industrialrobots,saysaworkabledomesticrobotmighttakeshapebythelate1980s,but

Mr.BenSkora,anamateurrobotbuildernowworkingonhissecondcreation,predicts

householdrobotsinaboutfiftyyears,andtheDirectorofStanfordUniversity'sArtificial

IntelligenceLaboratory,Dr.JohnMcCarthy,saysdomesticrobotsareanywherefrom

fivetofivehundredyearsaway.Althoughrobotsarealreadywidelyusedinindustry一

fromwelding（焊接）carpartstohandlingexplosives-thegapbetweentheindustrial

robotandadomesticoneisgreat,accordingtoDr.McCarthy.Closingthegapwill

requireanintellectualbreak-through."Takethetaskofclearingthetableandwashingthe

dishes,1'hesuggested."Therobotswillhavetobeabletodiscriminatebetweenrubbish

anddishesthatshouldbewashedand,meanwhile,nottripoverthedogorbabyonthe

flooronitswaytothedishwasher.nHesaidthattherobot,whichhedefinesasageneral

purposephysicalactionmachinethatisautomaticallycontrolled,probablywillnotend

uplookinganythinglikeahumanbeing.Insteadtherobotmighthaveacentral"brain"

thatcontrolsawholearmyofbodies,likeastaffofservants,eachassignedtoaspecific

duty.Mr.Engelbergerthinksthedomesticrobotisrightaroundincorner,justwaitingfor

aneconomicboosttohelpitovertheremainingtechnologicalhurdles.Heexpectsthe

householdrobottobemodeledafteranindustrialforebear（祖先）."Butthepersonwho

wantsarobotwillhavetobuildthisworldaroundit,"Mr.Engelbergersaid.Forexample,

afellowbuildingahousemightspendtwenty-fivepercentmoretohaveit"robotized".

Sucha"robotized"houseprobablywouldhavetobefreeofstairsandother

encumbrances（障碍物）thatcouldtripanear-sightedrobot,wouldprovidespecial

sockets（插座）forittopluginto,andwouldcontaina"pantry"（餐具室）wherethe

robot'sbrainandtoolswouldbestored.Headdedthattherobotwouldprobablyhaveto

use（bymeansofasophisticatedTVcamera）andhaveasenseoftouchtodohousework.

9、Mr.Engelbergerthinksthattheindustrialrobot.

A^ismoreusefulthanthedomesticrobot

B、iscompletelydifferentfromthedomesticrobot

C、ismorecomplicatedthanthedomesticrobot

D、islikelytobeusedasamodelforthedomesticrobot

标准答案：D

知识点解析：本题仍然是一道具体细节题。问安琪尔伯格先生认为工业用机器人怎

样。文章第五段指出，安琪尔伯格先生认为家用机器人即将诞生，不过要等到经济

迅速发展，从而能为克服制造家用机器人过程中遇到的技术障碍提供帮助。他预计

家用机器人将会以工业用机器人为模型。因此，本题的正确答案应是D“工业用机

器人很可能会被用作家用机器人的模型”。

10、WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

A、Domesticrobotwillundertakesomehard,unpleasantanduninterestinghousework.

B、Domesticrobotwillbedesignedhuman-like.

C、Theusingofindustrialrobotispervasivenow.

D、Thefuturedomesticrobotshouldhavegreatadaptability.

标准答案：B^

知识点解析：本题是一道判断是非题。问按照文章内容，下面哪个选项是不正确

的。针对四个选项内容，利用查阅式阅读法，结合原文内容，我们可以在文章的第

四段中找到相关信息。这段指出，迈卡锡博士把家用机器人定义为一种自控的多功

能躯体运动式机器，不过这种机器外形设计得可能不像人类。因此，本题的正确答

案应是B“家用机器人将被设计得像人类一样”。

InancientGreeceathleticfestivalswereveryimportantandhadstrongreligious

associations.TheOlympianathleticfestivalheldeveryfouryearsinhonourofZeus,king

oftheOlympianGods,eventuallylostitslocalcharacter,becamefirstanationalevent

andthen,aftertherulesagainstforeigncompetitorshadbeenabolished,international.No

oneknowsexactlyhowtarbacktheOlympicGamesgo,butsomeofficialrecordsdate

from776B.C.ThegamestookplaceinAugustontheplainbyMountOlympus.Many

thousandsofspectatorsgatheredfromallpartsofGreece,butnomarriedwomanwas

admittedevenasaspectator.Slaves,womenanddishonoredpersonswerenotallowedto

compete.Theexactsequenceofeventsisuncertain,buteventsincludedboy's

gymnastics,boxing,wrestling,horseracingandfieldevents,thoughtherewerefewer

sportsinvolvedthaninthemodernOlympicGames.OnthelastdayoftheGames,allthe

winnerswerehonoredbyhavingaringofholyoliveleavesplacedontheirheads.So

greatwasthehonourthatthewinnerofthefootracegavehisnametotheyearofhis

victory.AlthoughOlympicwinnersreceivednoprizemoney,theywere,infact,richly

rewardedbytheirstateauthorities.Howtheirresultscomparedwithmodemstandards,

weunfortunatelyhavenomeansoftelling.Afteranuninterruptedhistoryofalmost1200

years,theGamesweresuspendedbytheRomansin394A.D.Theycontinuedforsucha

longtimebecausepeoplebelievedinthephilosophybehindtheOlympics:theideathata

healthybodyproducedahealthymind,andthatthespiritofcompetitioninsportsand

gameswaspreferabletothecompetitionthatcausedwars.Itwasover1500yearsbefore

anothersuchinternationalathleticgatheringtookplaceinAthensin1896.Nowadays,the

Gamesarcheldindifferentcountriesinturn.Thehostcountryprovidesvastfacilities,

includingastadium,swimmingpoolsandlivingaccommodation,butcompeting

countriespaytheirownathletes'expenses.TheOlympicsstartwiththearrivalinthe

stadiumofatorch,lightedonMountOlympusbythesun'srays.Itiscarriedbya

successionofrunnerstothestadium.Thetorchsymbolizedthecontinuationofthe

ancientGreekathleticideals,anditburnsthroughoutthegamesuntiltheclosing

ceremony.Thewell-knov/nOlympicflag,however,isamodernconception,thefive

interlockingringssymbolizetheunitingofallfivecontinentsparticipatingintheGames.

1KInancientGreece,theOlympicGames.

A>weremerelynationalathleticfestivals

B>wereinthenatureofanationaleventwithastrongreligiouscolour

C、hadruleswhichputforeignparticipantsinadisadvantageousposition

D>wereprimarilynationaleventswithfewforeignparticipants

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题是一道具体细节题。问古代奥运会如何。利用查阅式阅读法，我

们可以在文章的第一段第一句话中找到相关信息。这句话指出，古希腊体育节是非

常重要并具有浓厚宗教色彩的节日。而文章第一段的第二句话指出，奥运会是为纪

念奥林匹斯众神之王宙斯的，每四年举行一次。最后它失去了地方特色，起初成为

全国的盛事，而后在取消禁止外国参赛者参加的规定后使成为国际运动会。向选项

B”本是全国性的运动会并具有强烈的宗教色彩”与文章内容相符，因此正确答案为

Bo

12、IntheearlydaysofancientOlympicGames.

A、onlymaleGreekathleteswereallowedtoparticipateinthegames

allGreeks,irrespectiveofsex,religionorsocialstatus,wereallowedtotakepari

C、allGreeks,withtheexceptionofwomen,wereallowedtocompeteintheGames

D、allmaleGreekswerequalifiedtocompeteiniheGames

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题是一道推断题，问古代奥运会的参赛者如何。文章第二段第二句

中说到，结过婚的妇女其至不允许作为观众；以及第三句中：奴隶、妇女和蒙受耻

辱的人都不允许参加比赛。由此可以推断出，在古代奥运会，只有希腊男运动员才

允许参加运动会。因此本题的正确答案为A。

13、TheorderofathleticeventsattheancientOlympics.

A^hasnotdefinitelybeenestablished

B、variedaccordingtothenumberofforeigncompetitors

C、wasdecidedbyZeus,inwhosehonourtheGameswereheld

D^wasconsideredunimportant

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题问及古代奥运会运动项目的次序与什么有关。此题是一道具体细

节题。利用查阅式阅读法，我们发现文章第二段第四句中指出，运动项目的次序是

不确定的。选项A指出，没有明确地规定，符合文章内容。因此本题的正确答案

应是A。而B“根据外国参赛者的数量变化”，C“由宙斯决定”，D“认为是无足轻重

的”，在文章中都没有提到。

14^Modernathletes'resultscannotbecomparedwiththoseofancientrunners

because.

A、theGreekshadnomeansofrecordingtheresults

B、theyaremuchbetter

C、detailssuchasthetimewerenotrecordedinthepast

D、theyaremuchworse

标准答案：C

知识点解析：本题是一道推断题。题目问现代运动员的比赛成绩无法与古代运动员

的比赛成绩相比较的原因。利用查阅式阅读法，我们可在文章第三段最后一句中找

到相关信息。这句话是倒装句，意为：我们很遗憾不能将他们的比赛结果与现代标

准相比较。但是文章并未明确指出原因。所以我们需要对各选项进行分析。A“希

腊人没有办法记录比赛结果”；B“他们优秀得多”；C“过去诸如时间之类的细节都

没有记录”；D“他们差得多”。由以上各选项我们可以推断出，选项C所陈述的理

由最合乎情理。因此本题的正确答案为C。

15、Nowadays,theathletes5expense*arepaidfor.

A、outoftheprizemoneyofthewinners

B、outofthefundsraisedbythecompetingnations

C^bytheathletesthemselves

D^bycontributions

标准答案：B

知识点解析：本题是一道具体细节题。问现在运动员的花销由谁来承担。利用查阅

式阅读法，我们发现文章第五段第二句中指出，东道国提供充分的设施，包括多层

看台的露天体育场、游泳池以及食宿，但参赛国要支付他们自己运动员的开支。与

选项B所表达的意思相符，因此正确答案为B“从参赛国家筹集的资金中支付”。

Thegreatestrecentsocialchangeshavebeeninthelivesofwomen.Duringthetwentieth

centurytherehasbeenaremarkableshorteningoftheproportionofawoman'slifespent

incaringforchildren.Awomanmarryingattheendofthenineteenthcenturywould

probablyhavebeeninhermiddletwenties,andwouldbelikelytohavesevenoreight

children,ofwhomfourorfivelivedtilltheywerefiveyearsold.Bythetimethe

youngestwasfifteen,themotherwouldhavebeeninherearlyfiftiesandwouldexpectto

liveafurthertwentyyears,duringwhichcustom,opportunityandhealthmadeitunusual

forhertogetpaidwork.Todaywomenmarryyoungerandhavefewerchildren.Usually

awoman'syoungestchildwillbefifteenwhensheisforty-fiveandcanbeexpectedto

liveanotherthirty-fiveyearsandislikelytotakepaidworkuntilretirementatsixty.Even

whileshehasthecareofchildren,herworkislightenedbyhouseholdappliancesand

conveniencefoods.Thisimportantchangeinwomen'slife-patternhasonlyrecently

beguntohaveitsfulleffectonwomen'seconomicposition.Evenafewyearsagomost

girlsleftschoolatthefirstopportunity,andmostofthemlookafull-timejob.However,

whentheymarried,theyusuallyleftworkatonceandneverreturntoit.Todaythe

school-leavingageissixteen,manygirlsstayatschoolafterthatage,andthoughwomen

tendtomarryyounger,moremarriedwomenstayatworkatleastuntilshortlybefore

theirfirstchildisborn.Verymanymoreafterwardsreturntofullorpart-timework.Such

changeshaveledtoanewrelationinmarriage,withthehusbandacceptingagreater

shareofthedutiesandsatisfactionsoffamilylife,andwithbothhusbandandwife

sharingmoreequallyinprovidingthemoney,andrunningthehome,accordingtothe

abilitiesandinterestsofeachofthem.

16、Accordingtothepassage,aroundtheYear1900mostwomenmarried.

A、atabouttwenty-five

B、intheirearlyfifties

C>assoonaspossibleaftertheywerefifteen

D^atanyagefromfifteentoforty-five

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题是一道具体细节题。问文章指出在1900年前后妇女何时结嫡。

根据文章第一段第三句，在19世纪末，妇女可能在二十几岁结婚，生育七八个孩

子，其中四五个只能活到5岁。最小的孩子长到15岁时'做母亲的已经五十多岁

了，假设还能活20年，在这20年中，由于习俗、机会和健康状况，她也不太可能

找到有报酬的工作了。因此，本题的正确答案应是A“在大约25岁左右结婚”。

17、Whenshewasoverfifty,thelatenineteenthcenturymother.

A、wouldbehealthyenoughtotakeuppaidemployment

B、wasusuallyexpectedtodiefairlysoon

C、wouldexpecttoworkuntilshedied

D、wasunlikelytofindajobevenifshewantedone

标准答案：D“

知识点解析：本题仍然是一道具体细节题。问在19世纪末期，当那些妈妈们过了

50岁后会怎样。文章第一段指出，最小的孩子长到15岁时，做母亲的已经五十多

岁了，假设还能活20年，在这20年中，由于习俗、机会和健康状况，她也不太可

能找到有报酬的工作了。因此，本题的正确答案应是D“即使她自己希望，也K可

能找到工作了”。

18、Onereasonwhythewomanoftodaymaytakeajobisthatshe.

A、isyoungerwhenherchildrenareoldenoughtolookafterthemselves

B、doesnotlikechildrenherself

C>neednotworryaboutfoodforherchildren

D、canretirefromfamilyresponsibilitieswhenshereachessixty

标准答案：A

知识点解析：本题问当代妇女可以找工作的原因是什么。文章第一段后半部分指

出，当代妇女结婚早，生育少。通常当她的最小的孩子长到15岁时，她才只45

岁，假设还能活35年，她还是很可能找到有薪工作，一直工作到60岁退休。即使

她同时还需照顾孩子们，家用电器和方便食品也可以减轻她的工作负担。因此，木

题的正确答案应是A，些她的孩子们都长大可以自己照看自己时，她还比较年轻”。

19、Manygirls,thepassageclaims,arenowlikelyto.

A^giveuptheirjobsforgoodaftertheyaremarried

B、leaveschoolassoonastheycan

C、marrysothattheycangetajob

D、continueworkinguntiltheyaregoingtohaveababy

标准答案：D'

知识点解析：本题问文章指出现在的许多女孩很可能做什么。根据文章第二段，妇

女生活方式的重要改变只是最近才全面影响到了妇女的经济地位。甚至在几年前，

大部分女孩学校毕业后抓住机会，找全职工作来做。但是，一旦结婚了，她们通常

就立刻放弃了工作，再不上学了。而今天，女孩学校毕业时的年龄是16岁，许多

女孩16岁以后仍然求学。虽然现在妇女趋向于早婚，但很多已婚妇女都继续工

作，至少在第一个孩子出世以前还工作。因此，本题的正确答案应是D“直到快生

小孩了还在工作”。

20、Nowadays,ahusbandtendsto.

A、playagreaterpartinlookingafterthechildren

B、helphiswifebydoingmostofthehousework

C>feeldissatisfiedwithhisroleinthefamily

D、cakeapart-timejobsothathecanhelpinthehome

标准答案：A

知识点解析•：本题问现在做丈夫的有做什么的倾向。文章最后部分指出，很多妇女

生完小孩后还会继续工作，做全职的或兼职的工作。这种变化带来了婚姻中的一种

新型关系：丈夫越来越多地担负家庭责任和满足于家庭生活，夫妻双方按着各自的

能力和兴趣在挣钱持家方面也越来越平等了。因此，本题的正确答案应是A“丈夫

在照顾孩子方面也起到了比较大的作用”。

Geologistshavebeenstudyingvolcanoesforalongtime.Thoughtheyhavelearneda

greatdeal,theystillhavenotdiscoveredthecausesofvolcanicaction.Theyknowthat

theinsideoftheearthisveryhot,buttheyarenotsureexactlywhatcausesthegreatheat.

Somegeologistshavethoughtthattheheatiscausedbythegreatpressureoftheearth's

outerlayers.Ortheheatmaybeleftfromthetimewhentheearthwasformed.Duringthe

lastsixtyyearsscientistshavelearnedaboutradium（镭），uranium（铀），thorium（牡）,and

otherradioactiveelements.Thesegiveoutheatallthetimeastheychangeintoother

elements.Manyscientistsnowbelievethatmuchoftheheatinsidetheearthisproduced

byradioactiveelements.Whateverthecauseoftheheatmaybe,wedoknowthatthe

earthgetshotterthefartherdownwedig.Indeepminesandoilwellsthetemperature

risesabout1F.foreach50feet.Atthisratethetemperature40milesbelowtheearth's

surfacewouldbeover4000F..Thisismuchhotternecessarytomeltrock.However,the

pressureoftherockabovekeepsmostmaterialsfrommeltingattheirusualmelting

points.Geologistsbelievethattherockdeepintheearthmaybeplastic,orputtylike.In

otherwords,therockyieldsslowlytopressurebutisnotliquid.Butifsomechangeinthe

earth*scrust（地壳）releasesthepressure,therockmelts.Thenthehot,liquidrockcan

moveuptowardthesurface.Whenthemeltedrockworksitswayclosetotheearth's

crust,avolcanomaybeformed.Themeltedrockoftencontainssteamandothergases

undergreatpressure.Iftherockabovegivesway,thepressureisreleased.Thenthe

suddenexpansionofthegasescausesexplosions.Theseblowthemeltedrockintopieces

ofdifferentsizesandshootthemhighintheair.Heretheycoolandhardenintovolcanic

ashandcinders（煤灰，余烬）.Someofthismaterialfallsaroundtheholemadeinthe

earth'ssurface.Themeltedrockmaykeeponrisingandpouroutaslava（熔岩，火山岩）.

Inthisway,volcanicash,cinders,andlavabuildupthecone-shaped（圆锥形的）

mountainsthatwecallvolcanoe