2021英语四级试题

2021英语四级试题

PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayonthetopic:TheImportanceofDevelopingDigitalLiteracy.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.--------------------------------------------------------------------PartIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Intoday'srapidlyevolvingjobmarket,theconceptofa"careerforlife"haslargelybecomeobsolete.Technologicaladvancementsandeconomicshiftsare1)______transformingthenatureofwork.Toremain2)______,individualsmustembracelifelonglearning.Thisdoesn'tnecessarilymean3)______formaldegreesrepeatedly.Instead,itinvolvesacontinuousprocessof4)______newskillsandadaptingtochange.Onlinecourses,workshops,andprofessionalcertificationsoffer5)______pathwaysforskillenhancement.Employersincreasinglyvalueadaptabilityandagrowthmindsetovera6)______resume.Therefore,theresponsibilityforcareerdevelopmenthas7)______shiftedtotheindividual.Proactivelyseekinglearningopportunities,buildingprofessionalnetworks,andbeingopentolateralmovesorevencareer8)______arecrucialstrategies.Whilethisnewlandscapemayseem9)______,italsopresentsunprecedentedopportunitiesforpersonalandprofessional10)______tothosewillingtoinvestinthemselves.A)acquiringB)competitiveC)constantlyD)dauntingE)deliberatelyF)diverseG)dramaticH)exclusivelyI)flexibleJ)growthK)pursuingL)rigidM)shiftsN)staticO)virtuallySectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagefollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.PassageOne_Questions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage._Thephenomenonof"urbanheatislands"(UHIs)referstometropolitanareasthataresignificantlywarmerthantheirsurroundingruralregions.Thistemperaturedifferenceisprimarilycausedbyhumanactivitiesandthephysicalcharacteristicsofurbansurfaces.Conventionalbuildingmaterialslikeasphaltandconcreteabsorbandretainheatfromthesunmuchmoreeffectivelythanvegetation.Theyalsoreleasethisheatslowlyatnight,preventingcitiesfromcoolingdown.Furthermore,wasteheatfromvehicles,airconditioners,andindustrialprocessesaddstothethermalload.TheconsequencesofUHIsaremultifaceted.Elevatedtemperaturescanincreaseenergyconsumptionforcooling,exacerbateairpollutionbyfacilitatingtheformationofground-levelozone,andcontributetoheat-relatedillnessesandmortality,particularlyamongvulnerablepopulationsliketheelderly.Theenvironmentalimpactextendstolocalecosystems,alteringprecipitationpatternsandstressingurbanwildlife.MitigatingtheUHIeffectrequiresamulti-prongedapproach.Increasingurbangreenerythroughparks,greenroofs,andstreettreesisoneofthemosteffectivestrategies.Plantsprovideshadeandcooltheairthroughevapotranspiration.Usingreflectiveor"cool"materialsforpavementsandbuildingscansignificantlyreduceheatabsorption.Smarturbanplanningthatpromotesnaturalventilationandreducesdependencyonfossilfuelsforcoolingisalsoessential.AddressingUHIsisnotjustaboutcomfort;itisacriticalcomponentofbuildingsustainableandresilientcitiesinthefaceofclimatechange.11.WhatisthemainreasonfortheformationofUrbanHeatIslands?A)Thehighconcentrationofpopulationincities.B)Theuseofheat-absorbingmaterialsandhumanactivities.C)Thelackofwindinmetropolitanareas.D)Thegeographicallocationofmostmajorcities.12.HowdomaterialslikeasphaltcontributetoUHIs?A)Theyreflectmostsunlightbackintotheatmosphere.B)Theyabsorbheatduringthedayandreleaseitslowlyatnight.C)Theygenerateheatthroughchemicalreactions.D)Theypreventrainfromcoolingtheground.13.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasaconsequenceofUHIs?A)Higherenergycostsforairconditioning.B)Increasedformationofcertainairpollutants.C)Morefrequentextremeweathereventslikehurricanes.D)Negativehealthimpactsonsensitivegroups.14.WhatisonefunctionofplantsinmitigatingUHIs?A)Theyabsorbcarbondioxideexclusivelyatnight.B)Theycooltheairbyreleasingwatervapor.C)Theyblockallsolarradiationfromreachingtheground.D)Theyincreasewindspeedinurbancanyons.15.Whatistheauthor'sprimarypurposeinwritingthispassage?A)Tocriticizepoorurbanplanningpractices.B)Toexplainaphenomenonanddiscusssolutions.C)Tocompareurbanandrurallivingconditions.D)Topredictfutureclimatepatternsincities.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.PassageTwo_Questions16to20arebasedonthefollowingpassage._Inaneradominatedbydigitalcommunication,thevalueofhandwrittennotesisexperiencingaquietresurgence.Whileefficiencyfavorstyping,agrowingbodyofresearchsuggeststhatthephysicalactofwritingbyhandengagesthebraininwaysthatkeyboardsdonot.Neurologicalstudiesindicatethathandwritinginvolvesmorecomplexmotorskillsandsensoryfeedback.Whenformingletters,weactivatelargerneuralnetworksassociatedwiththinking,memory,andlanguage.Thisprocessappearstoenhancecomprehensionandretention.Forinstance,studentswhotakenotesbyhandoftenperformbetteronconceptualquestionsthanthosewhotype,ashandwritingforcessummarizationandprocessingofinformationinreal-time,whereastypingcanencourageverbatimtranscriptionwithoutdeepengagement.Beyondcognitivebenefits,handwritingcarriesemotionalandpersonalweight.Ahandwrittenletterorcardconveysalevelofthoughtfulnessandeffortthatanemailortextmessagecannotmatch.Theuniquecharacteristicsofone'sscript—theslant,thepressure,theimperfections—addapersonalsignaturethatisuniversallyabsentinuniformdigitalfonts.Ineducation,learningtowritebyhandisalsolinkedtothedevelopmentoffinemotorskillsandreadingabilityinyoungchildren.Despiteitsadvantages,handwritingisundoubtedlyslower.Itsadvocatesdonotargueforabandoningtechnologybutforrecognizingitsdistinctrole.Inaworldofinstantmessaging,takingthetimetowritebyhandcanbeadeliberateactoffocus,reflection,andpersonalconnection.Itisatoolnotforspeed,butfordepth.16.Whatisthemainfindingoftheneurologicalresearchmentionedinthepassage?A)Handwritingisfasterforcomposinglongtexts.B)Handwritingactivatesbroaderbrainregionsrelatedtocognition.C)Typingismoreaccurateforrecordinginformation.D)Thebrainprocessestypedandhandwrittenwordsidentically.17.Whymightstudentswhotakehandwrittennotesunderstandconceptsbetter?A)Theirnotesarealwaysneaterandmoreorganized.B)Theprocessrequiresthemtoactivelysummarizeinformation.C)Theyarelesslikelytobedistractedbydigitaldevices.D)Handwritingimprovestheirspellingandgrammarautomatically.18.Accordingtothepassage,whatisanon-cognitiveadvantageofhandwriting?A)Itguaranteesbetteracademicgrades.B)Itservesasafastermethodofcommunication.C)Itconveyspersonaleffortandindividuality.D)Itiseasiertoarchiveandsearchdigitally.19.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsdigitalcommunicationtools?A)Stronglycriticalanddismissive.B)Neutralandpurelydescriptive.C)Appreciativebutsupportiveofhandwriting'suniquevalue.D)Uncertainabouttheirfuturerole.20.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizestheauthor'sviewonhandwriting'sroletoday?A)Itisanobsoleteskillthatshouldbephasedoutofschools.B)Itisasuperioralternativetotypinginallsituations.C)Itisatoolforachievingdeepercognitiveandpersonalengagement.D)Itisprimarilyimportantforartisticexpression.PassageThree_Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage._The"gigeconomy,"characterizedbyshort-termcontractsandfreelanceworkasopposedtopermanentjobs,hasexpandedsignificantlywiththeriseofdigitalplatforms.Whileoftenlaudedforitsflexibilityandtheautonomyitoffersworkers,thismodelpresentssubstantialchallengesthatpolicymakersarestrugglingtoaddress.Forworkers,theappealisclear:theabilitytochoosewhen,where,andhowmuchtowork.Thiscanbeidealforstudents,caregivers,orthoseseekingsupplementalincome.However,thisflexibilityoftencomesatahighcost.Gigworkersaretypicallyclassifiedasindependentcontractors,notemployees.Thismeanstheyusuallylackaccesstotraditionalemploymentbenefitssuchashealthinsurance,paidleave,retirementplans,andprotectionunderminimumwagelaws.Incomecanbeunpredictableandvolatile,leadingtofinancialstress.Theonusisalsoontheworkertomanagetaxesandacquiretheirowntraining.Fromabroadereconomicperspective,thegigmodelcanincreaseefficiencyandprovidecostsavingsforcompanies.Yet,itmayalsocontributetotheerosionofworkerprotectionsandlaborstandardsthattookdecadestoestablish.Thelegalframeworkinmanycountrieshasnotkeptpacewiththisnewformofwork,leadingtolegalbattlesoverworkerclassificationandrights.Addressingtheseissuesrequiresinnovativethinking.Potentialsolutionsincludecreatinganewcategoryofworkerbetween"employee"and"independentcontractor,"portablebenefitsystemsthatfollowtheworkeracrossdifferentgigs,andplatformscontributingtosocialsecurityfunds.Thegoalisnottostifletheinnovationandflexibilityofthegigeconomybuttoensureitprovidesafairandsecurelivelihoodforthosewhoparticipateinit.21.Whatisaprimaryreasonforthegrowthofthegigeconomyaccordingtothepassage?A)Governmentpoliciespromotingfreelancework.B)Thedeclineoftraditionalmanufacturingsectors.C)Thedevelopmentofdigitalplatforms.D)Workers'universalpreferenceforautonomy.22.Whatisamajordrawbackforworkersinthegigeconomy?A)Theyhavenocontrolovertheirworkschedules.B)Theyoftenmissoutonemploymentbenefitslikehealthinsurance.C)Theyarepaidsignificantlylessthanpermanentemployeesforthesamework.D)Theyarerequiredtoworkexclusivelyforoneplatform.23.Theword"volatile"(Para.2)isclosestinmeaningto______.A)stableB)substantialC)unpredictableD)increasing24.Whatisonebroaderconcernaboutthegigeconomymentionedinthepassage?A)Itmayleadtohigheroverallunemploymentrates.B)Itcouldundermineestablishedlaborprotections.C)Itpreventstechnologicalinnovationinothersectors.D)Itcausesadecreaseinconsumerspending.25.Whatistheauthor'ssuggestedapproachtoimprovingthegigeconomy?A)Returningtoatraditionalemploymentmodelforallworkers.B)Developingnewlegalandsocialframeworkstoprotectworkers.C)Restrictingtheoperationsofdigitalplatforms.D)Encouragingworkerstounionizeacrossdifferentplatforms.--------------------------------------------------------------------PartIIITranslation(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youarerequiredtotranslateaparagraphfromChineseintoEnglish.Youshouldwriteyouranswer.中国书法(calligraphy)是一门独特的传统艺术，已有三千多年的历史。它不仅仅是书写文字的一种方式，更被视为一种心灵修养和艺术表达的形式。书法家通过控制毛笔的力度、速度和方向，创造出具有美感和个性的字体。练习书法需要高度的专注和耐心，有助于培养平静的心态。今天，尽管数字技术日益普及，中国书法仍然深受人们喜爱，并被广泛教授和学习，它作为中国文化的一个重要组成部分，继续传承下去。--------------------------------------------------------------------答案(AnswerKey)PartIWriting(略。评分将基于内容完整性、语言准确性、连贯性和结构。)PartIIReadingComprehensionSectionA1.C)constantly2.B)competitive3.K)pursuing4.A)acquiring5.F)diverse6.L)rigid7.O)virtually8.M)shifts9.D)daunting10.J)growthSectionBPassageOne11.B)Theuseofheat-absorbingmaterialsandhumanactivities.12.B)Theyabsorbheatduringthedayandreleaseitslowlyatnight.13.C)Morefrequentextremeweathereventslikehurricanes.14.B)Theycooltheairbyreleasingwatervapor.15.B)To