9月英语四级试题

9月英语四级试题

PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayonthetopicTheImportanceofDevelopingCriticalThinking.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.---PartIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Intoday'sfast-pacedworld,informationisabundant.However,notallinformationisaccurateorbeneficial.Theabilitytothinkcriticallyhasbecomean(1)______skillfornavigatingthiscomplexlandscape.Criticalthinkinginvolvesactivelyandskillfully(2)______,analyzing,synthesizing,andevaluatinginformationgatheredfromobservation,experience,reflection,orcommunication.Itisthe(3)______ofself-directed,self-disciplined,self-monitored,andself-correctivethinking.Developingthisskillallowsindividualsto(4)______assumptions,identifybiases,andseparatefactsfromopinions.Itempowerspeopletomake(5)______decisions,solveproblemseffectively,andengageinmeaningfuldiscussions.Inacademicsettings,studentswithstrongcriticalthinkingskillscan(6)______arguments,constructwell-reasonedessays,andunderstandcomplexmaterialsmoredeeply.Intheworkplace,employeeswhothinkcriticallyarebetterat(7)______challengesandproposinginnovativesolutions.Despiteitsimportance,criticalthinkingisnotalways(8)______encouraged.Rotememorizationandstandardizedtestingsometimestake(9)______overdeepercognitiveengagement.Therefore,itiscrucialforeducationalinstitutionsandindividualstoactively(10)______environmentsandhabitsthatfosterquestioning,analysis,andreasonedjudgment.WordBank:A)cornerstoneB)prioritizeC)essentialD)fosterE)challengeF)informedG)adequatelyH)evaluatingI)overcomeJ)precedenceK)deconstructL)cultivateM)rationalN)tackleO)foundation---SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagefollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.PassageOneQuestions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Theconceptof"slowfood"emergedinItalyinthe1980sasadirectresponsetotheriseoffastfoodandtheperceivederosionoflocalfoodtraditions.FoundedbyCarloPetrini,theSlowFoodmovementadvocatesforfoodthatis"good,clean,andfair.""Good"referstofresh,flavorsome,andseasonalproduce."Clean"signifiesproductionthatdoesnotharmtheenvironment."Fair"meansaccessiblepricesforconsumersandfairconditionsandpayforproducers.Beyondmerelyaculinarypreference,SlowFoodrepresentsaculturalandphilosophicalstance.Itemphasizesknowingwhereyourfoodcomesfrom,howitisproduced,andwhoproducesit.Thisconnection,proponentsargue,leadstomoremindfulconsumption,supportforlocaleconomies,andpreservationofbiodiversitythroughtheprotectionoftraditionalcropsandlivestockbreeds.Themovementhasgrownintoaglobalorganizationwithchaptersinover160countries.Itorganizesevents,promoteslocalfoodmarkets,andrunseducationalprograms.CriticssometimesarguethatSlowFoodiselitist,asitsidealscanbemoreexpensiveandlessaccessibletolower-incomepopulations.Supporterscounterthatbysupportinglocalsystemsandreducingprocessedfoodconsumption,long-termhealthandeconomicbenefitscanoffsetinitialcosts.Theyalsoemphasizethemovement'sworktomakegoodfoodaccessiblethroughcommunityprojectsandschoolgardens.Ultimately,SlowFoodchallengestheindustrializedfoodsystem'sfocusonspeed,uniformity,andlowcostattheexpenseofenvironmentalhealth,socialequity,andtaste.Itinvitesareconsiderationofourrelationshipwithfood,framingitnotjustasfuelbutasacentralpartofcommunity,culture,andwell-being.11.WhatwasthemainreasonforthebirthoftheSlowFoodmovement?A)TopromoteItaliancuisineworldwide.B)Tocounterthespreadoffastfoodandlossoffoodheritage.C)Toincreasetheprofitmarginsforlocalfarmers.D)Toconductscientificresearchonfoodproduction.12.Whatdoesthe"clean"principleinSlowFoodprimarilyconcern?A)Thehygieneofthecookingprocess.B)Thenutritionalvalueoftheingredients.C)Theenvironmentalimpactofproduction.D)Theaestheticappearanceofthefood.13.Accordingtothepassage,whatisapotentialbenefitofknowingyourfood'sorigin?A)Itguaranteesthelowestmarketprice.B)Itallowsformoreconsciouseatingandsupportforlocalbusinesses.C)Itsignificantlyreducesthetimeneededformealpreparation.D)Itensuresthefoodisalwaysorganic.14.WhatisacommoncriticismdirectedattheSlowFoodmovement?A)Itlacksaclearorganizationalstructure.B)Itsprinciplesaredifficulttoimplementglobally.C)Itmaybeperceivedasexclusiveortoocostlyforsome.D)Itfocusestoomuchontasteandignoresnutrition.15.Whatistheauthor'soveralltoneindescribingtheSlowFoodmovement?A)Highlycriticalanddismissive.B)Objectiveandinformative.C)Sarcasticandmocking.D)Enthusiasticallypromotional.---SectionCDirections:Thereareseveralpassagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.PassageTwoQuestions16to20arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thehumanbrain'scapacityforneuroplasticity—theabilitytoformandreorganizesynapticconnections,especiallyinresponsetolearningorexperience—hasrevolutionizedourunderstandingofcognitivedevelopmentandrecovery.Oncebelievedtobehardwiredafterchildhood,thebrainisnowseenasadaptablethroughoutlife.Thisadaptabilityisdrivenbymentalactivity.Learninganewlanguage,playingamusicalinstrument,orengagingincomplexpuzzlescanstimulatethegrowthofnewneuralpathways.Eveninoldage,suchactivitiescanenhancecognitivereserve,potentiallydelayingtheonsetofdementiasymptoms.Conversely,alackofmentalstimulationcanleadtosynapticpruning,whereunusedconnectionsweakenordisappear.Neuroplasticityalsounderpinsrehabilitationafterbraininjuries.Therapiesaredesignedto"retrain"thebrain,encouraginghealthyregionstotakeoverfunctionsfromdamagedareas.Forexample,repetitivephysicaltherapyafterastrokecanhelpmotorcortexregionsreorganizetorestoremovement.However,neuroplasticityisn'talwaysbeneficial.Maladaptiveplasticitycancontributetochronicpain,tinnitus(ringingintheears),andsomepsychiatricdisorders.Inthesecases,thebrain'srewiringinresponsetoinjuryorstresscreatespersistent,problematicpatterns.Understandingneuroplasticityoffersimmensehope.Itsuggeststhatourcognitivefateisn'tfixed.Withdeliberateeffortandtherightstimulation,wecanshapeourbrainstolearn,heal,andadapt.Thisknowledgeempowersapproachestoeducation,mentalhealthtreatment,andagingthatfocusoncontinuousgrowthandrecovery.16.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A)Thestructureofthehumanbrainisunchangeableafteradulthood.B)Neuroplasticityallowsthebraintochangeandadaptthroughoutlife.C)Braininjuriespermanentlydestroycognitivefunctions.D)Mentalactivitiesareonlybeneficialduringchildhood.17.Accordingtothepassage,whichactivityisLEASTlikelytopromotepositiveneuroplasticity?A)Learningtoplaychessinyour60s.B)Studyingforachallengingprofessionalcertification.C)Watchingtelevisionpassivelyforseveralhoursdaily.D)Practicinganewsportthatrequirescoordination.18.Howdoesneuroplasticitybenefitstrokepatients?A)Itpreventsstrokesfromoccurring.B)Itallowsotherbrainareastocompensatefordamagedones.C)Itreversesthephysicaldamagetobraintissuecompletely.D)Itmakestraditionalphysicaltherapyunnecessary.19.Whatis"maladaptiveplasticity"asdescribedinthepassage?A)Thebrain'sinabilitytochangeunderanycircumstance.B)Harmfulrewiringthatleadstoongoinghealthissues.C)Theprocessoflearningnewskillsveryquickly.D)Thenaturalpruningofneuralconnectionsininfancy.20.Whatistheauthor'sconclusionaboutneuroplasticity?A)Itisanoverhypedconceptwithlittlepracticaluse.B)Itisadangerousprocessthatshouldbeinhibited.C)Itprovidesopportunitiesforcognitiveimprovementandrecovery.D)Itisonlyrelevantforscientists,notthegeneralpublic.---PartIIITranslation(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youarerequiredtotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouranswerontheAnswerSheet.中国书法（calligraphy）是一门古老的艺术，被誉为“无言的诗，无形的舞”。它不仅仅是书写汉字，更是一种表达情感和精神的独特方式。书法家通过控制毛笔的力度、速度和方向，创造出具有美感和个性的笔画。练习书法需要极大的耐心和专注，被认为是一种修身养性的活动。千百年来，书法在中国文化中占据着核心地位，深刻影响了绘画、建筑等其他艺术形式。今天，尽管数字技术普及，书法仍被广泛学习和实践，作为连接过去与现在的重要文化纽带。---PartIVWriting(30minutes)(Note:Thispartisaduplicatepromptforthewritingsectionandispresentedhereforcontextinthefullpaperstructure.Inanactualexam,onlyonewritingtaskwouldappear.)---AnswerKeyPartIWriting(SampleEssay)TheImportanceofDevelopingCriticalThinkingIntheinformationage,weareconstantlybombardedwithdata,opinions,andpersuasivemessages.Therefore,developingcriticalthinkingskillsismorecrucialthanever.Criticalthinkingisthedisciplinedprocessofactivelyanalyzing,evaluating,andsynthesizinginformationtoguidebeliefandaction.Firstly,criticalthinkingempowersindividualstomakeinformeddecisions.Byquestioningassumptionsandidentifyingbiases,wecanavoidbeingmisledbyfalseclaimsoremotionalappeals,whetherinpersonalfinance,healthchoices,ormediaconsumption.Secondly,itisfundamentaltoproblem-solving.Insteadofacceptingsurface-levelissues,criticalthinkersdelvedeepertoidentifyrootcausesanddevelopeffectivesolutions,askillhighlyvaluedinacademicandprofessionalsettings.Finally,itfostersintellectualindependence.Itallowsustoformourownreasonedjudgmentsratherthanpassivelyacceptingtheviewsofothers,whichisessentialforafunctioningdemocracyandpersonalgrowth.Inconclusion,cultivatingcriticalthinkingisnotanoptionalskillbutanecessity.Itequipsustonavigatecomplexity,makesoundchoices,andcontributemeaningfullytosociety.Educationsystemsandindividualsalikeshouldprioritizeitsdevelopment.PartIIReadingComprehensionSectionA1.C)essential2.H)evaluating3.A)cornerstone(orO)foundation,butcornerstoneismorepreciseincontext)4.E)challenge5.F)informed6.K)deconstruct7.N)tackle8.G)adequately9.J)precedence10.L)cultivateSectionB(PassageOne)11.B)Tocounterthespreadoffastfoodandlossoffoodheritage.12.C)Theenvironmentalimpactofproduction.13.B)Itallowsformoreconsciouseatingandsupportforlocalbus