英语四级试题2019

英语四级试题2019

PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayontheimportanceofmutualunderstandingandrespectininterpersonalrelationships.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Pleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitem.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Theconceptofa"smartcity"hasgainedsignificanttractioninrecentyears.Itreferstoanurbanareathatusesdifferenttypesofelectronicmethodsandsensorstocollectdata.Insightsgainedfromthatdataareusedtomanageassets,resourcesandservicesefficiently.Thisdataisusedtoimprovethe(1)______acrossthecity.Thisincludesdatacollectedfromcitizens,devices,andassetsthatisprocessedandanalyzedtomonitorandmanagetrafficandtransportationsystems,powerplants,utilities,watersupplynetworks,waste,crime(2)______,informationsystems,schools,libraries,hospitals,andothercommunityservices.Thesmartcityconcept(3)______informationandcommunicationtechnology(ICT)andvariousphysicaldevicesconnectedtotheInternetofthings(IoT)networkto(4)______theefficiencyofcityoperationsandservicesandconnecttocitizens.Smartcitytechnologyallowscityofficialsto(5)______directlywithbothcommunityandcityinfrastructureandtomonitorwhatishappeninginthecityandhowthecityisevolving.ICTisusedtoenhancequality,performanceand(6)______ofurbanservices,toreducecostsandresourceconsumption,andtoincreasecontactbetweencitizensandgovernment.Smartcityapplicationsaredevelopedtomanageurbanflowsandallowforreal-time(7)______.Theideaistousedataandtechnologytomakeeverydaylifeeasierandbetterforthepeoplewholive,work,and(8)______thecity,whilealsooptimizingcityfunctionsanddrivingeconomicgrowth.However,the(9)______ofsmartcitiesgoesbeyondthemereapplicationoftechnology.Italsoinvolvessocialandhumancapital.Criticsarguethatthefocusontechnologymightoverlooktheneedsofthe(10)______,particularlytheelderly,thepoor,andthosewhoarenottechnologicallysavvy.Therefore,atrulysmartcityshouldbeinclusiveandhuman-centered.A)integratesB)interactionC)responseD)vulnerableE)operationF)investG)interactH)decisionI)innovationJ)optimizeK)detectionL)visitM)efficiencyN)primarilyO)visionSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagefollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.PassageOneQuestions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Intherealmofpsychology,the"growthmindset,"atermcoinedbypsychologistCarolDweck,hasbecomeapowerfulconceptineducationandpersonaldevelopment.Itisthebeliefthatone'sabilitiesandintelligencecanbedevelopedthroughdedication,hardwork,andlearning.Thiscontrastswitha"fixedmindset,"whereindividualsbelievetheirbasicqualities,likeintelligenceortalent,arestatictraits.Researchindicatesthatstudentswhoembraceagrowthmindsetaremoreresilientinthefaceofchallenges.Theyvieweffortasapathtomasteryandaremorelikelytoperseverewhentheyencounterobstacles.Theyseefailurenotasevidenceofunintelligencebutasahearteningspringboardforgrowthandforstretchingtheirexistingabilities.Consequently,theyachievemorethanthosewithafixedmindset.Theimplicationsforeducationareprofound.Teacherswhofosteragrowthmindsetcreateenvironmentswheremistakesareseenaslearningopportunities.Theypraiseeffort,strategy,andprogressratherthaninnateintelligence.Thisapproachencouragesstudentstotakeonmorechallengingtasksandtovaluetheprocessoflearningitself.However,cultivatingagrowthmindsetisnotsimplyabouttellingstudents"youcandoanything."Itrequiresanuancedapproach.Itinvolvesrecognizingthatthebrainismalleableandthatneuralconnectionsgrowwithpractice.Educatorsmustprovidespecificfeedbackthatguidesimprovementandmustdesigntasksthatareappropriatelychallenging.Thegoalistoshiftthefocusfromprovingone'sintelligencetoimprovingit.11.Whatisthemaincharacteristicofa"growthmindset"?A)Believingthattalentaloneleadstosuccess.B)Believingthatintelligenceisanunchangeabletrait.C)Believingthatabilitiescanbedevelopedthrougheffort.D)Believingthatfailuredefinesone'sability.12.Howdostudentswithagrowthmindsettypicallyviewchallenges?A)Asthreatstotheirself-esteem.B)Asopportunitiestoprovetheirinnatetalent.C)Asindicatorsoftheirlimitations.D)Aschancestolearnandimprove.13.Accordingtothepassage,whatshouldteacherspraisetofosteragrowthmindset?A)Hightestscoresandnaturalcleverness.B)Effort,strategy,andtheprocessoflearning.C)Thespeedofcompletingtasks.D)Theavoidanceofmistakes.14.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutcultivatingagrowthmindset?A)Itisasimpleprocessofgivingencouragement.B)Itrequiresasophisticatedunderstandingandspecificmethods.C)Itisprimarilytheresponsibilityofthestudentsthemselves.D)Itfocusesoncomparingstudents'intelligencelevels.15.Whatistheultimategoaloffosteringagrowthmindsetineducation?A)Tohelpstudentsgethighergradesthantheirpeers.B)Toshiftstudents'focusfromimprovementtoprovingthemselves.C)Tomakestudentsbelievetheyarenaturallygifted.D)Toencourageafocusonlearningandimprovementratherthanjustprovingability.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearseveralpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).PassageTwoQuestions16to20arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Theconceptof"foodmiles"—thedistancefoodtravelsfromwhereitisgrowntowhereitisconsumed—hasbecomeakeyconsiderationforenvironmentallyconsciousconsumers.Theargumentisstraightforward:transportingfoodoverlongdistancesconsumesfossilfuels,whichcontributestogreenhousegasemissions.Therefore,buyinglocalfoodshouldreduceone'scarbonfootprint.Whilethebasiclogicissound,therealityismorecomplex.AstudyfromtheUniversityofLincolnfoundthatitcanbemoreenergy-efficientfortheUKtoimporttomatoesfromSpainduringwinterthantogrowtheminheatedgreenhouseslocally.Theenergyrequiredtoheatthegreenhousesoutweighedthetransportationemissions.Similarly,aNewZealandstudyshowedthatproducinglambanddairyproductsthereandshippingthemtotheUKoftenresultedinlowertotalemissionsthanproducingthemintheUK,duetoNewZealand'smoreefficient,pasture-basedfarmingsystems.Thishighlightsthat"foodmiles"areasimplisticmetric.Amorecomprehensivemeasureisthe"lifecycleassessment"(LCA),whichcalculatesthetotalenvironmentalimpactofaproductfromproduction,processing,andpackagingtotransportationanddisposal.Factorslikeagriculturalmethods,waterusage,fertilizertype,andenergysourcesatthefarmareoftenmoresignificantthantransportationalone.Thus,whilebuyinglocalcansupportcommunityfarmersandofferfresherproduce,itisnotalwaysthemostenvironmentallyfriendlychoice.Consumersaimingtominimizetheirimpactshouldconsidertheoverallproductionsystem,notjustthedistancetraveled.16.Whatisthe"foodmiles"conceptprimarilyconcernedwith?A)Thenutritionalvalueoffood.B)Thedistancefoodtravelsfromfarmtotable.C)Thecostoffoodtransportation.D)Thevarietyoflocalfoodavailable.17.WhymightimportingtomatoestotheUKfromSpaininwinterbemoreenergy-efficient?A)Spanishtomatoesaremorenutritious.B)LocalUKgreenhouseheatingconsumesmoreenergythantransportation.C)TransportationfromSpainusesrenewableenergy.D)Spanishfarmingmethodsarelessefficient.18.AccordingtotheNewZealandstudy,whymightitslambhavealowertotalemissionwhenconsumedintheUK?A)BecauseNewZealandisclosertotheUK.B)BecauseNewZealandusesmoreadvancedtransportation.C)BecauseNewZealand'sfarmingismoreefficientintermsofenergyuse.D)BecauseUKconsumerspreferimportedlamb.19.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestisabettermeasurethan"foodmiles"?A)Thepriceofthefood.B)Thelifecycleassessment(LCA).C)Thepopularityofthefood.D)Thepackagingofthefood.20.Whatistheauthor'soverallconclusionaboutbuyinglocalfood?A)Itisalwaysthebestchoicefortheenvironment.B)Itisonlybeneficialforsupportinglocalfarmers.C)Itsenvironmentalbenefitisnotguaranteed;theentireproductionsystemmatters.D)Itshouldbeavoidedbecauseofhightransportationcosts.PartIIITranslation(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youarerequiredtotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.Youshouldwriteyouranswer.中国书法（calligraphy）是一门独特的艺术形式，拥有数千年的历史。它不仅是书写汉字的技巧，更是一种表达情感和修养的方式。书法家通过控制毛笔的力度和速度，创造出具有美感和节奏感的线条。练习书法需要耐心和专注，它被认为是一种修身养性的活动。如今，书法依然深受中国人喜爱，并被广泛视为中国传统文化的重要象征。---答案KeyPartIWriting(ModelEssay)Mutualunderstandingandrespectserveasthecornerstoneofhealthyinterpersonalrelationships.Inaworldofdiverseopinionsandbackgrounds,thesequalitiesareessentialforbridgingdifferencesandbuildingtrust.Understandingallowsustoseefromothers'perspectives,empathizewiththeirfeelings,andappreciatetheircircumstances.Respect,inturn,meansvaluingtheirrights,choices,anddignityevenwhenwedisagree.Withoutmutualunderstanding,communicationbreaksdown,leadingtoconflictsandresentment.Withoutrespect,relationshipsbecomehierarchicalandoppressive.Forinstance,infriendships,understandingafriend'sstressandrespectingtheirneedforspacecanstrengthenthebond.Inprofessionalsettings,understandingcolleagues'viewpointsandrespectingtheirexpertisefostersteamworkandinnovation.Therefore,cultivatingthesevirtuesiscrucial.Byactivelylistening,beingopen-minded,andacknowledgingothers'worth,wecreateharmoniousandsupportiveconnections,whicharefundamentaltobothpersonalhappinessandsocialcohesion.PartIIReadingComprehensionSectionA1.E)operation2.K)detection3.A)integrates4.J)optimize5.G)interact6.M)efficiency7.C)response8.L)visit9.O)vision10.D)vulnerableSectionB11.C)Believingthatabil