中考语法名词

名词

一。名词的分类

个体名词

集体名词：是一些人或物的总称，作主语时可用复形谓语动词

,普通名词，物质名词：是无法分为个体的实物

名词J(抽象名词：是动作、状态、品质等抽象概念的名称。

I专有名词：是个别人、地以及专门机构或团体的名称。：

(可数名词

名词1

1不可数名词

[名词检测1]:

写出下列词的复数

housebrushcitymatch

Englishmanboxbabyactory

womanroofGermanmandoctor

glassSwissheroJapanese

beIieffamiIydeertomato

pianoappletreechildFrenchman

sheep__________tooth___________bookshop________nouse__________

buswifeproofpotato

Thesingerandwriter(come)fromChina。

【可数名词复数的变化规则】

A、一般情况下，在单数名词的后面加r。

如：game-games,boy-boys。..

B、以s、x、sh、ch结尾的单数名词变复数，在词尾加一es。

如：box-boxes,bus-buses,peach-peaches,dish-dishes。

C、以。结尾，表示有生命的事物的单数名词变复数加一es;表示没有生命的事物的单数名词变复数加一s。

如：potato-potatoes,tomato—tomatoes,photo-photos,piano-pianos等。

可以巧记为：

NegroesandheroesIiketoeatpotatoesandtomatoeso

黑人和英雄喜欢吃马铃薯和西红柿.

D、以辅音字母加y结尾的单数名词变复数，将y改成i后再加-es。

如：factory-factories,story—stories,famiIy-famiIieso

E、②以“一千或一fe”结尾的名词变为复数时，变“一千或一fe”为V,再加一es的，初中英语中主要

有下列单词：leaf树叶，half一半，self自己，wife妻子，knife刀子，shelf架子，wolf狼，thief小

偷，life生命.可以巧记为：

树叶半数自己黄，妻子操刀去割粮；

架后窜出一只狼，就像小偷逃命忙，

③以“_f或-fe”结尾的名词变为复数时，只加一s的，初中英语中主要有如下单词：gulf海湾，roof

屋顶，chief首领，serf奴仆，belief信仰，proof证据。可以巧记为：

海湾边、屋顶上，首领奴仆两相望；

谁说他们无信仰，证据又是谁人详，

【不规则变化】

l.man---menwoman-----------womenPoliceman-------------policemenfireman----------

firemen

Spaceman----------------spacemenEnglishman----------EnglishmenFrenchman-------

一Frenchmen

2..Foot------feetTooth--------teethGoose-----geese

Child---chiIdrenmouse---mice

3.国籍

ChineseChineseJapaneseJapaneseSwissSwiss

EngIishmanEngIishmenr'enchmanrrenchmen

GermanGermansRussianRussiansAmericanAmericans

AustraIian--------------AustraIiansIndianIndiansCanadian

----Canadians

巧记口诀：中日(加瑞士)不变，英法变，其余s加后面

4.单复数同形：

sheep--------sheepdeer-------deerpeopIe---peopleFish(三种情况)

5o除人民币元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如：

adolIar,tv/odollars;ameter,twometers

6.有些名词虽以一s结尾，但表达的是单数意义。如：news,maths,politics,physics,theUnited

States等.

(1)maths,politics,physics等学科名词，为不可数名词，是单数。

(2)news是不可数名词。

(3)theUnitedStates,theUnitedNations应视为单数。

7.单复数意思变化的

Work_________works________

Water________waters_____

time_________times______8.做可数与不可数时，意义不同的词有：

room可数：房间不可数：空间

一—orange可数：橘子不可数：橙汁

good_________goods______9.表示由两部分构成的东西，如：glasses（眼镜,）trousers,

clothes,shoes,scissors

———若表达具体数目，要借助数量词pair（对，双）；suit（套）；

apairofg1asses：twopairsoftrousers

glass________glasses____

10o名词+名词构成的复合名词的复数

——

①由“名词+名词”构成的复合名词,把复数词尾放在一个

sand_________sands_______名词上

anappletreeappletreesamatchbox

----matchboxes

②man和woman构成的复合名词变复数时，两个名词都要变

wood______

amandoctormendoctorsawomandrive

woods______

----womendrivers

11.复合名词的复数形式：

1.一般将主体名词变为复数

Mother—in-lav/-----mothers-in-Iaw岳母passer-by------passers-by过路人

Editor-in-chiefeditors-in-chief主编

2.无主体名词构成的复合词，在词尾加-s

Go-between-----go—betweens中间人，媒人grown-up-----grown-ups成年人

3.将两个组成部分皆变为复数，这种复合名词第一个名词必须是man或woman,

如：mandoctorTmendoctors男医生womanteacherTwomenteachers

4。名词做定语以单数形式存在（man,woman例外）

如：astonebridge,ameetingroom。

但是：amandoctor,twomendoctors

【不可数名词】

1、可数名词才有单数与复数的区别；不可数名词没有复数形式；

2、不可数名词的谓语动词只能用单数形式；

3、有些名词即可做可数名词，也可做不可数名词；但是意思不同：

room可数：房间不可数：空间

orange可数：橘子不可数：橙汁

4、不可数名词的修饰词：

可以修饰不可数幺词的词或短语：alotof,Iotsof,some,aIttIe,IittIe,much

翻译：

一张报纸_______________________两条新闻_______________________

三碗饭_______________________四瓶水_______________________

五杯橘子汁_______________________六片面包_______________________

注意事项：

①people作“人们”讲时，看作复数，不能在其后加“一s”，谓语动词用复数形式；family,class是集体

名词，既指单数，又指复数，谓语动词可用单数亦可用复数，具体根据语境而定。

常见的集体名词：peopIe,police,cattle,youth,publie,staff,crew,crowd,f,team,class,

group,couple,army②有些名词以一s结尾，但表达的是单数意义，

例如：news；maths,politics,physics（学科名词），theUnitedStates等。

③表示由两部分构成（成双成对形式出现的名词）的东西，

如：glasses（眼镜）trousers,cIothes,谓语用复数，

但是若表达具体数目，要借助数量词pair（对，双）；suit（套）；

apairofglasses；tv/cpair*oftrcijaera这时要根据量词来判断

@“the+姓氏复数”表示“一家人或夫妇二人”，

例如：theGreens格林一家/格林夫妇，theBlacks布莱克一家/布莱克夫妇，theSmiths史密斯一家/

史密斯夫妇.

⑤年份前面加the,后面加一s,表示年代

例如：the1980s20世纪80年代。

[名词检测2]

汤姆的车_________________丽丽和露西各自的书包_____________________

丽丽和露西的爸爸__________________父亲节_____________________________

儿童节___________________教师节_____________________________

妇女节___________________中国地图_____________________________

门的钥匙__________________两分钟的路程_____________________________

我强爸的一个朋友

【名词所有格】

1.表示人或物所属关系时，我们就需要使用名词所有格。

如:“奶奶的房子”表示为"grandma'shouseM.

2.名词所有格的构成有以下规则：

A、一般情况下，在名词的末尾加s”构成。

如：Mike'sbike迈克的自行车，Tcm'sbooks汤姆的书。

B、以s结尾的复数名词的所有格，只在其末尾加“'”

如：myparents,car我父母的车，ourteachersJbooks我们老■师的书.

C、表示几个人共同稠有的东西时，只在最后一个名字上加所有格。

如：JennyandJoan'sbedroom詹妮和琼共同拥有的卧室：

但如果是分别拥有的东西就要在每个名字上加所有格。

如：Tim'sandJack'stoycars提姆和杰的玩具车。

D、没有生命的东西的所有格，我们通常用“。干+名词”的方式来表示。

如：ThewindowofthecIassroom教室的窗户；thecapitalofChina中国的首都；

Thev/eatherofShangHai上海的大气.

注意：门的钥匙thekeytothedoor;问题的答案theanswertothequestion

Eo表示时间、距离、国家、城市的无生命名词，可以在词尾加“飞”或“'”表示所有格

如：today'spapers今天的报纸，tenminutes'waIk十分钟的路程

注意：教词+分号+可数名词单数也可以做前量■定语

十分钟的路程aten-minutewalk三条腿的桌子athree-IegtabIe

十岁的男孩aten-year-oldboy100米赛跑a100—meterrace

F.表示店铺或某人的家时，常在名词所有格之后省去shop,house,home。

Atthetailor's在裁缝店atachemist*s在药店

G.被修饰名词前有不定冠词、指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词或数词等限定词时，一般只能用双重所有格。

双重所有格结构前的被修饰名词通常指整体中的部分或一个，双重所有格只能用于有生命的名词，这个名词

是确定的。

如：anoldfriendofmyuncle,s我叔叔的一个老朋友

adaughterofMrsGreen's格林先生的一个女儿

afriendofmine我的一个朋友

练习巩固

1oAne/vstudyprovesawaIkeverydayisenoughtokeepawayfrombecomingfat

A.30—minuteB。30minutetsC。30-minutes

2<>Isthereanyonthetable?

AonoodlesB。sugarC。dumpIingsDoOranges

3oYouerenotarichmanorafamouspersonoButinmyheart,youareoneofthegreatest

intheworId

A.businessmenBomanC.menDoperson

4.Canadiansspeakand

A.Italian,JapaneseB.English,ChineseC.German.RussianD。French,English

5。---Wheredoyoucomefrom?

----1comefromoIaman

A.Japan,JapaneseB.America,American0.England,EngIishDoAustraIian,AustraIian

6oHowmanyarethereinyourfactory?

AoGermanBoJapaneseCoAustraIianDoEnglishmans

7。Therearethreeinmyfamily

A.peopIeBopersonCopeoplesD.chiId

8.----Whatsinthe?

Therearesomeandinthem

A.photos,potatos,radiosBophotos,potatoes,radios

Cophotoes,potatos,radiosD.Photos,potatoes,radioes

9.Threeandtv/oaregoingtovisitourschoolnextMonday0

A.Jaoanese,AmericanB.Japaneses,American

CoJapaneses,AmericansD.Japaneses,Americans

10o---Goodnews!WewiIIhaveahoiiday.

veheardofit.Butit'scomingin

A.threedays；threedays,timeB.threedays'；threedays

Cothree-day；threedaysD.threedays;three-daytime

11.Pleasekeepquiet!Ifyoumakealotof,theotherscan,thearmeclearly.

AomusicB.voiceC.soundDonoise

12O-----Howfarisyourcousin'shomefromhere?

----It'sabouttwod，ive

A.hour'sB.hoursCohoursD。hour

13oWedon'thaveenoughnursestoIookafterthepatientscAtleast__________areneeded

A.tenanothernursesB.moretennursesC.othertennursesD.anothertennurses

14.---What*sinthecupboard?

---Afev/,butIittIe

A.apples：coffeeBocoffee;appIesCoappIe;coffeesDocoffees：apple

15oItisfiveyearssincewebegantoenjoyaspringhoiidayeachyear.

A.ten-dayBotendayCotenday'sDoten-days

16.LastSaturday,Imietinthesupermarketo

A.afriendofmyBoafriendofminemyfriendD.onefriendofme

17.WilliamcouIdnotofferMP4becausehehadmoneywithhimo

A.afev/B.muchCoIittIeD.few

18o-----Goodmorning,madam.CanIhelpyou?

-----Sure,I'dIike_cookingvegetabIeso

A.twocupsofcoffeeB.threepiecesofbread

C.onebowlofdumpIingsDofivekilosofoi

19。Aftertenyears,alIthesekidsbecame____________

Aogrowns-upsBogrows-upC.grown—upDogrown-ups

20.Fivekilometers_alongwayforthechiIdren

A.isB.areC.haveD.has

21oMymotherwithmytwobrothers_____gonetoBeijing.TheywiIIbebacknextweek

A.isB.areC.hasD.have

22.motherscouldnotgotothemeeting,becausetheyhavegonetoChengdu.

AoLiLeiandLucy*sB.Lilei'sandLucy'sCoLiLeiandLucyD.LiLei'sandLucy

23.Wherearethe—bags?

A.chiIdrens'Bochildren'sC.chiIdrenofD.ofchiIdren

24.Iwanttofind.ashopwhichseiIs—onIy

Aomen'J3shoesBomenshoesC.man'sshoesDotheshoesofmen

25.Ilovethetwo.behindourhouse。

A.appletreeBoappletreesC.applestreesDoapplestree

26OTherearetwo_________inthecity.

Aocar'sfactoryB.car'sfactoriesCofactoriesofcar*sDocarfactories

27.Ihavetwo_____inmypenciI-box

A.knifeB.knifesCoknivesD.aknife

28oHowmany__________、arethereinyourfactory?

AoGermanBoJapaneseCoAustra1ianDoEnglishmans

29oWhatsinthe?

Therearesome一__________and__________inthem

Aophotos,potatos,radiosB.photos,potatoes,radios

C.photoes,potatos,radiosDoPhotos,potatoes,radioes

30.A1argenumberof_________cutdown

Aotrees;isB.wood；isCowood;areD.trees;

Readingcomprehension

A

Mr.Kingworkedinafactory.HeIikedplayingsoccerandspentmuchtimeonit,sohewassometimes

lateforwork.HisbosswassoangrythathefiredMr。King.Mr。Kingcouldn'tfindanother

joboFinallyhegotintotroubleandIivedadifficultIife.

Oneofhisfriendsfeltsorryforhimandintroducedhimtoaheadmaster,whoseschoolwasjust

inneedofswimmingcoachesoMroKingbegantoteachtheschooIchiIdrentoswim.Hewasn'ta

goodcoach.TwomonthsIater,thechiIdrenlearnednothing.FewofthemcouIdswimo

Itv/asahotSaturday.ThechiIdrenwouIdn*tstayintheclassroomandwantedtoswiminthe

river。Mr。Kingfailedtostopthem.Beforetheystarted,hedrewaredIinebeIowtheknee

ofeachchiId.Hesaidtothem,44Comeoutoftheriveratonceifthewaterreachestheline.”

26oWhydidthebossfireMr.King?

A.BecauseMr.Kingdidn'tIikehisjob.BoBecauseMr.Kingwasill.

C.BecauseMr。KingtaIkedtoomuch.DoBecauseMr.KingwassometimesIateforwork.

27.Mr。Kingcouldn'tfindanotherjobandhisIifewas.

A.haopyB.hard0.relaxingD.free

28.Whohe1pedMr。Kingfindajobinaschool?

AoThebossofthefactoryBHisfriendCoTheschooIchiIdrenD.Nobody

29oTwomonthslater,thechiIdrenIearnednothingbecause__________.

AoMr.KingtaughtthemtopIaysoccerBotheydidn't1ikeswimmingata11

C.theywereafraidofwaterDoMr.Kingwasapoorcoach

30oMroKing_________,sohedrewared1inebelowthekneeofeachchild。

A.didn'twantthechiIdrentoswimB.wantedtonakethechiIdrenlookfunny

C.wantedtomakethechiIdrenhappyD。wantedtohelpthechiIdrenswimbetter

B

2011isspecialyearforaIIIhepeopleiriShenzhen.The26LhWor1dUniversidadwi11behe1d

inthecityfromAugust12thto23rd>Aswea11know,“StartHere”isthesloganofthisgreat

eventoDoesanyoneknowthatanew1ifeoftwogiantpandaswi11starthereasv/e11?Shenzhen

isexpectingthepairofpandasfortheSummerUniversidad。Thepandas,amaleandafems1efrom

WolongPandaResearchCenterinSichuanProvince,wi11be

“UniversidadPandas"，justIike<4AsianGamesPandasnanduOlympicPandas'*。ShenzhenSafari

ParkwillrebuiIditspandahousetoweIcomethepandas.Thepandahousehasbeenemptysineeanother

panda,Yongba,25,v/asreturnedtoSichuanin2009becauseitwastooold。Howoldarethe

UniversiadePandas?Whataretheirnames?WhataretheyIike?WhataretheirIivinghabits?We

wiIIfindouttheansv/ersinJunewhentheyarrive.

31.The26thWorIdUniversidadv/i11beginon。

A.August12thBoAugust23rdC。September12thD。September23rd

32.Thepairofpandascomesfrom

AoShenzhenB.SichuanCoGuangzhouDoBeijing

33OYongbaisa(n).

AoUniversidadpandaBoAsianGamesPanda

Co01ympicpandaD.pandathatusedtoIiveinShenzhenSafariPark

34.FromthepassagewecanknowtheoftheUniversdadPandas.

AoarrivaltimeB.agesCOnamesDoIivinghabits

35。Thepassagetellsusthat

A.thesloganofthe26thWorIdUniversidadis"JustDoIt”

BotherewiIIbetwomalepandascomingtoShenzhen

C.YongbaleftShenzhenin2009

DoWoIongPandaResearchCenterwiIIbuildapandahousefortheUniversiadePandas

C

Fishandapplesoup?Yes,andyouwon,tbeIievehowdeIiciousitis。Thisfirstcameoutof

arestaurantinSingapore,butitisnowverypopuIarasthescupdujourinChineserestaurants.

Ingredients(serves4):

1wholefish

2appIcs,quartered

4—6gingersIices(姜片)

1bunchofspringonions,cutinto

1redtomato,cutinto8pieces

Oil,saltandpepper

Methods:

1oRemovethebonesfromthefish

2。PouroiIintoapan0FrythegingersIicesandthespringonionsoAddthefishbonesand

fry.

3.Addenoughv/aterandboiIitforabout15to20minutes。

4.Addtheapples,thefishandthetomato.Whentheapplesgosoft,addsaltandpepper。

36.Thispassageisprobably

AoapoemB。apieceofnewsC。astoryDoarecpe

37.ThenameofthesoupinChineserestaurantsis___

AodujoursoupB.tomatosoupCoonionsoupD。gingersoup

38oTheunderIinedword“quartered"means

A榨汁B.切成四份C.洗净D.剁碎

39oIfyouwanttocookthesoupfor8people,youwiIIneedredtomato（es）o

Ao1B.2Co3Do4

40.InwhatordershouldyouaddtheingredientswhiIecookingthesoup?

Aoapples,fishandtomatoTgingersIicesandspringonions->oilfishbones

BooiI->fishbonesTgingersiicesandspringonions—appes,fishandtomato

C.oilgingersIicesandspringonions->fishbones_*appIes,fishandtomato

D.gingersIicesandspringonions_*fishbones->apples,fshandtomato_>oiI

D

k

FridayJanuary28。2011

China'sworIdnumbersevenLiNabecamethefirst

ChinesetennisplayertoreachaGrandSlamfinalat

thisyear'sAustralianOpen."Itwasthefirstmatch

可easyortough?Nothingbetween."saidLi,v/hohas

defeatedZahIavpvaStrycovaonherwaytothe

AustralianOpenfinal。

TuesdayMarch5\2011

BesidesChina,morethan70countrieshaveoffered

Japanhelpaftertheearthquake。TwoUSsearchand

rescueteams,with144stuffand12dogs.havebegun

work;ThesouthernAfghancityofKandaharannounced

itwoulddonate（捐赠）$50。000todie"brothersand

sisters”ofJapan

ThursdayMay19,2011

CanadapopstarJustin<>Biebergotahugely

disappointinggreetingwhenhearrivedinHongKon8

onV/ednesday.Justsevenfansshowedupa*thecity's

airporttogreetBieber。Bieber'sconcert-oneof

£theIastshowsinhis"MyWorId"tour-isonFriday

inHongKong,

1MondayMay30.2011

Aseriousdroughtaloft]theYangRiverhasaffected

over34miIIionpeople,IeavingfarmersandIivestocks

（牲畜）withoutwater.Over4.23millionpeopleare

havingdifficultyfindingenoughdrinkingwater,

7whilemorethan5millionneedhelptotightagainst

thedrought.

41oLiNa

AoisoneofthetoptabIetennisplayersintheworId

BoisthefirstpIayertoreachaGrandSlamfinal

Codidn'tsayanythingaboutthematch

D.beatZahlavayaStrycovaonherwaytotheAustraIianOpenfinal

42oTwosearchandrescueteamsfromhavebegunworkinJapan.

AoAustraIiaB.theUSCotheUKD.Afghanistan

43.JustinBibbermightfeelwhenhearrivedatHongKongairporto

A.disapoointedB.happyC.excitedD.bored

44.Whenadroughthappens,peopIeareshort

AomoneyB.oilC.foodD.water

45oWhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthenews?

AoAnAfghancityofKandaharwilldonate$50,000toJapan。

B.Morethan4o23millionpeoplefinditdifficulttogetenoughdrinkingwater.

CoAlItheChinesewereproudofLiNaaftershewonthematch.

DoTheconcertBibberv/iIIhaveinHongKongiso