上海静安区2026届第二学期高三（二模）教学质量调研 英语试卷（含答案）

GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Farmersneeddatatomonitorandpredicteverythingthatgoesintoaffectingtheircrops,fromdroughtandfloodconditionstosoilhealthandtemperaturevariations.Butformanyfarmers,particularly1. indevelopingnations,suchfactsandfiguresaren’treadilyavailable.TheproblemisespeciallyworrisomeinAfrica,wheresome60%ofthepopulation2. (engage)insmall-scalefarming.“Africaisstillamostdata-scarcecontinent,”saysKateKallot,CEOandfounderofAmini,3. environmentaldatafirmfoundedin2022.Muchofthedataislockedinpaperfilesingovernmentofficesoronlyavailablethroughextremelyexpensivesatelliteproviders,shesays. (fill)inthegap,AminiiscollectingenvironmentaldatainAfricathroughtechnologieslikesatelliteimagery,dronesandIoTsensors,aswellasfromexistingstudies.Thecompanythenanalyzestherawdatausingartificialintelligence5. informationandrecommendationscanbeprovidedforfarmers,cropinsurers,farmlendersandgovernmentstoimproveagricultureonthecontinent.Aminicansend6. (automate)textstofarmersnotifyingthemofsituationslikecomingfloodsorspreadingpestoutbreaks,andit’salsoincreasinglyusingAItobeabletoautomaticallyrespondtotextqueriesaboutweatherandotherconditions.AminihasbeenworkingwithHP(惠普)andNvidia(英伟达)sofar,bothof providedworkstationsandGPUprocessingpowerthathaveenabledAminitobuildefficientAIsystemsinKenya. (work)withAminigoestowardHP’seffortstohaveanenduringimpact,”saysJimNottingham,seniorvicepresident&divisionpresidentofHP’sAdvancedCompute&Solutionsbusiness.“Italsooffersproofof9. HPcustomerscanaccomplishwiththecompany’stechnology.Workstation-basedAIisnotjustvaluableinplaceslackinglocalbigdatacentersorhavinglimitedconnectivity,butalsoinregionswithstrictdata-securityrequirements.”ThesamedatascarcityproblemsexistinotherpartsoftheGlobalSouth,suchasLatinAmerica,theCaribbean,andSoutheastAsia,soit’slikelythatAmini’stechnologywillalsohaveanimpact10. SectionDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.B.C.D.E.G.H.I.J.K.HowKnittingMayBeRewiringYourKnitting—andotherso-called“grandmahobbies”—ismakingacomeback,especiallyamongyoungergenerations.AccordingtoEventbritedata,GenZ’sinterestin“grannycore”gatherings,suchasknitting11. andneedleworkworkshops,hasgrowninrecentmonths,driveninpartbyasearchforrelieffromdigitalburnout.Butthebenefitsgobeyondnostalgia(怀旧).Recentstudiessuggestthatslow,hands-ontasks,suchasknitting,mayactivatebrainsystemsinwaysthatsupportlong-termcognitivehealthinvariousways,includingengagingmemory,attention,andmotorfunction,whilehelpingtoregulatestress.Inotherwords,regardlessofageorgender,engaginginhands-on,mentally12. hobbies—whetherknitting,woodcarving,ormodelbuilding—maybeoneofthesimplestwaystosupportbrainhealth.Whilemeditationandpuzzlesalsoofferbrainbenefits,knittinguniquelycombines13. motorcoordination,creativeplanning,andrhythmictwo-sidedmovement—allofwhichengagedifferentbrainsystemsatonce.Thiskindofcreativityinanycapacityishelpful,saysEmilySharp,a therapistatNYArtTherapy.A2024studyinFrontiersinBehavioralNeurosciencesupportstheoutlook,demonstratinghowcreativeactivitiesactivatethebrain’sdopaminergicrewardnetwork,particularlyinareasdeeplyinvolvedinpleasure,motivation,andmood.Butunlikethedopaminerisescausedbyscrollingorsugar,knittingprovidesaslower,steadier15. Plus,sinceactivitieslikeknittingrequireplanning,16. andproblem-solving,theyactivateexecutivefunctionalongsidemotorandemotionalsystems.Thisfull-brainengagementhelpsstrengthenneural神经的)connectivity,acrucialtoolformaintainingthebrain’sflexibilityandresilienceasweage.Ifyouarealreadyanaccomplishedknitter,don’t17. yourselfonthebackjustyet.Thecognitivebenefitsofactivitieslikeknittingaren’taboutthetaskitself—they’reabouttheprocessoflearningsomethingnew.Novelty(新颖)18. .Whenyouchallengethebrainwithunfamiliartasks,suchaslearningtoknit,itlightsupnewpathways,offeringauniqueneurologicalboost.Withtimeandrepetition,thosesameactionsbecomefluentandcalming,allowingthebraintoshiftintoarestorativeflowstate.Thischallenge-to-masteryprocesshelpsmaintainneural19. .However,youmustcontinually thechallengesforyourbrainasyoumasteroldones.Thegoodnews?Thecognitivechallengedoesn’thavetobebig.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.HowArchaeologyChangedfromDiggingtoTheword“archaeology”comesfromtheGreekwordarkhaios,whichmeans“ancient.”Althoughsomearchaeologistsstudyliving21,mostfocusonthedistantpast.Forthousandsofyears,peoplehavesearchedforanddugupancientmonuments,oftennotasscholarsbutasgraverobberswhoseonlygoalwastostealvaluablesquickly,caringlittleaboutthestructuresaroundthem.Theiractions22causeddamagetohistoricalsites.InancientEgypt,graverobbingwassocommonthatmanytombshadhiddenroomswherefamiliesplacedtreasures.Thisproblem23 forcenturies.Inthe1800s,thetombofPharaoh法老)RamsesI,whoruledbrieflyinthe1290sBCE,wasdiscoveredandstolen.Itcontainedpottery,paintings,sculptures,andthepharaoh’smummy,whicheventuallyendedupinamuseumbeforebeingreturnedtoEgyptin2003._4,graverobbersneverdiscoveredthetombofPharaohTutankhamun,alsoknownasTut.Hisrestingplacelay_5 forthousandsofyearsuntilitwasdiscoveredin1922.ThetombcontainedthemummiesofTutankhamunandhisfamily,alongwiththousandsofartifacts文物providing26 insightsintoancientEgyptianlife.Itremainsoneofthemostwell-knownarchaeological_7 inhistory.Earlyarchaeologywasalsocloselylinkedto andcolonial殖民的)power.WhenNapoleonBonaparteinvadedEgyptin1798,hebroughtartistsandscholarstodocumentthewhilehistroops29 hundredsoftonsofartifacts,manyofwhichnowfilltheLouvre.Similarly,wealthyadventurersfromWesterncolonialpowers digsinGreeceandelsewhere.Althoughtheywereoftengenuinelyinterestedinthepast,theirworkwas31 tocolonialism,asseeninthecaseoftheElginMarbles,whichGreecehaslongrequestedreturnedaspartofitsculturalheritage.Suchactivitieshighlightboththehistoricalfascinationwithancientcivilizationsandtheethical(伦理的)challengesthat earlyarchaeology.Overtime,archaeologybecamemore33.Scientistsbeganusingstandardmeasurementsandformalizedmethodsforrecordingandremovingartifacts.Detaileddrawingsofdigsitesandindividualitemsbecamestandard,andarchaeologistscollaboratedwithhistoriansandlinguiststocreatea34 ofthepast.Inthe20thcentury,archaeologistsalso35 theirethicalresponsibilities.Today,mostcountriesrecognizethatarchaeologicalremainsbelongtothenationwheretheyarefound,reflectingagrowingrespectforculturalheritageandtheprotectionofhistory.21.A.B.C.D.22.A.B.C.D.23.A.B.C.D.24.A.B.What’sC.AsaD.By25.A.B.C.D.26.A.B.C.D.27.A.B.C.D.28.A.B.C.D.29.A.B.C.D.30.A.drewB.carriedC.dependedD.objected31.A.B.C.D.32.A.B.C.D.33.A.B.C.D.34.A.B.C.D.35.A.B.C.D.SectionDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.Itwastheloveliestofmornings,theairwarmandstill,thewatersofKyrgyzstan’sIssyk-KulLakeasclearandbitingasaglassofvodka.Therewerenoboats,onlytheblue-greymountains,faintasamemory.Itookoffmyclothesandjumpedin,duckingonce,twice,threetimes,underthesaltywater.Still,Idarednotstay,becausethetrain,theGoldenEagle,wouldveryshortlybecarryingmeonwardintoUzbekistan,TurkmenistanandTajikistan.GoldenEagle’sRepublicsoftheSilkRoadjourneyprovidesatwo-week,multi-countryadventureforloversoflongrailjourneys,excellentfood,architectureandglamour.Itdisplaysluxury—champagneincrystalglasses,twice-dailyroomservicebyattendants,andwaitersinbowtiesandwaistcoatssetthetone.Andit’smorecasualthanexpected.Despitethe“smartdressatdinner”recommendation,wearingasuit,Iwastheonlyonetodosoandfeltoverdressed.Time,overalongtrainjourney,becomessomewhatflexible.Theeffectinthatenvironment—alwaysfixed,alwaysmoving—canbecomesomethinglikeasustainedcoincidence.You’researchingforafamiliarsweaterinyourcompartmentwhenyouglanceoutthewindowtofindadistanttemplewitharounddome.Youorderyourusualdrinkatabarasbluelightningflashesacrossthegrassland. WearrivedinKhivaatdawn.OnceamajorSilkRoadtradingpost,it’sstillbustling.Localdealersconductinternationalbusiness,callingoutinmultiplelanguages.Thecity’ssounds,frommusicalinstrumentsandcamelcallstosmiths’hammers,giveitatimelessatmosphere.Ididn’twanttobemovedbythenoise,buteveryscenewasundeniable—asquaretowertoppedwithadome,awindingalleyfilledwiththesmellofroastedmeat,thelarge,unfinishedtowersthatlookedalmostround,andthegrandwallscoveredinbluetilesthatdrewpeople’seyeswithamagicpull.TheSilkRoadmightseemlikeatraderoute,buteachcountryonthejourneytrulyhelditsessence.Thearchitecture,jewelry,dancing,food,andhospitalityshowedinfluencesfromIndia,Italy,andArabia,amixoftheunusualandfamiliar.WhatcanwelearnabouttheGoldenEagle’sSilkRoadItrequiresstrictformaldressforallIttakesoneweektocovermultipleItonlyattractstravelersinterestedinItoffersluxuriousyetcasualtravelWhichofthefollowing,ifinsertedintotheblank,wouldbestillustratetheideaof“asustainedcoincidence”describedinthepassage?Lyingonabedreading,youlookuptoseeeightcamelsmarchingoverasandCheckingthediningcarmenu,youfindyourpreferredsandwichissoldAskinganattendantforablanket,you’retoldthey’refirst-classStretchingyourlegsinthecorridor,youseethetrainpullintoanunfamiliarWhatmakesKhivaatimelesscityintheauthor’sItsquietandemptystreetsintheearlyItsmixoftraditionalsoundsandclassicItsmodernbusinessmodelsandnewItssimplelocalfoodsoldinwindingInthefinalparagraph,theSilkRoadisdescribedprimarilyas A.ahistoricallyimportantroutedefinedbycommercialB.acollectionoftouristdestinationslinkedbyC.aphysicaljourneyconnectingseveralneighboringD.aspacewherediverseculturesmeetandinfluenceoneCollegeapplicationsareout;letthecarelesserrorsbegin.Ahastycollegeapplication,whileoneoftheeasiestmisstepstoavoid,isprobablyamongthemostcommonmistakesapplicantsmake.Herearepitfalls(雷区thatyoucaneasilyAsillyemailIfyourstudentcreatedtheiremailaddressinthesecondgradeanditsoundssomethinglike“beachbum4life”or“cheerleadercutie”,it’stimeforanupdate.Studentscancreatean“acceptable”emailaccountwithGmailinjustafewminutes.Collegescommunicatealmostexclusivelywithstudentsviaemailsosettingupamoreprofessionalaccountisaneasywaytododgearedflag.InappropriatematerialonsocialTherearealotofdiscussionsinthecollegeadmissionscommunityandamongstudentsandparentsaboutthemoralityandtherealityofcollegeadmissionsprofessionalscheckinguponthesocialmediaaccountsofapplicants.Rudelanguageandinappropriatephotosandpostsareobviouscandidatesforremoval.Myadviceistobesafeanddeletethem.Applicationsaredueasearlyasmid-OctoberwiththemajorityofregulardecisiondeadlineshittingonoraroundJanuary1.Whydoasmanyas50%ofstudentswaituntilthelastday,oreventhelasthour,tosubmittheirapplications?Everyyear,withoutfail,collegecomputerserversgetoverloadedwithapplicantsapplyingatthelastminuteandshutdown.“Panic-stricken”isprobablyamildtermforthechaosthiscreatesinmanyAvoidthisexperienceatallcosts.Starttheapplicationsnow,andplantosubmitthematleastoneweekpriortothedeadline.Spellcheckisnotacollegeapplicant’sfriend.Mostapplicationsarenotenabledwithspellcheck,andthatmeansthatallyourmistakesandcarelesserrorsareinfullview,soIrecommendatleasttworoundsofproofing.Proof,takeabreakfortwoormoredays,reproofandthensubmit.Theunderlinedphrase“dodgearedflag”inthepassagemostprobablymeans makeapositiveavoidanegativecorrectapersonalfollowastandardWhatshouldapplicantsdotoimprovetheirapplication,accordingtotheUsespell-checktofixwritingSubmittheirapplicationinthefinalCleanuptheirsocialmediaChecktheiremailoftenforWhatoverallmessagedoestheauthorconveyabouttheseapplicationTheyaremostlyminorissuesthatadmissionsofficersTheyrequireprofessionalhelptobefullyTheyhavebecomelessimportantduetochangesinapplicationTheyaresimpletoaddresswithcarefulattentionandadvanceThesocialmedialandscapeisnowundergoingaquietbutprofoundtransformation.Thequestionarises:areplatformsbecominglesssocialjustastheybecomemorepopular?Thetraditionalmagicofonlinesocialnetworkswastheirabilitytocombinepersonalinteractionswithmasscommunication.Friendssharedupdates;networksspreadthemwidely.Nowthisfusionissplittingapart.Statusupdatesfrompeopleyouknowarebeingreplacedbyalgorithm-selectedvideosfromstrangers—contentthatresemblestelevisionmorethanconversation.Meanwhile,publicpostingismovingtoprivatemessaginggroupswhereconversationshappenbehinddigitalwalls.Thisshiftbringsmixedconsequences.Onthepositiveside,privategroupsorderpostschronologicallyratherthanbyengagement-maximizingalgorithms,reducingthemotivetopostshockingcontent.Forteenagers,whooftenstrugglewhentheirprivatelivesareexaminedcloselyandpublicly,closedgroupsmayoffermentalhealthbenefits.However,significantproblemsemerge.Messagingappshostinggroupsof200,000membersresembleunregulatedbroadcastsmorethanprivateconversations.InIndia,politicianshaveusedsuchplatformstospreadliesthatwouldlikelyberemovedfromopennetworks.Aspublicpostingdeclines,valuablediscussionsdisappearfromview.Duringrecentglobalcrises,scientistscontributedtoonlinedebatescontainingrealinsights;todaythoseconversationsaremovingtoprivatechannels,slowingthespreadofideas.Perhapsmostconcerning,open-networkalgorithmsdrivenbyuserbehaviourseemdesignedtospreadthemostextremecontent.Previously,forsomethingtogoviral,peoplehadtochoosetoshareit.Nowtheysupportcontentsimplybywatching,asalgorithmsrewardwhateverattractsthemostengagement.PoliticaltroublemakersandmisinformationmerchantsstandtobenefitmostfromthisSomearguethesedefectscanbefixedthroughbettergovernanceorcoding.Buttheproblemssuggestsomethingdeeper:socialmedia’sflawsmayalsoresultfromtrade-offsbuiltintohumancommunicationitself.Whenplatformsmovetowardprivategroups,monitoringdecreases.Whenpeopleescapeclosedcircles,theymayfacemoreextremecontent.Associalnetworksevolve,wemustdealwiththesenewchallengesratherthanfightingoldbattles.UsersarestrugglingtoadapttorapidchangesacrossdifferentSocialnetworksareshiftingfocusawayfromprotectinguserThedistinctionbetweenonlineentertainmentandpersonalinteractionisTheintegrationofprivateinteractionandpublicbroadcastsisbreakingWhatcanbeinferredaboutthedoubleeffectsofprivatemessaginggroupsintheTheyprotectyouthfrompublicexposurewhileenablingfalseinformationtoTheyencourageopendialoguewhilelimitingexposuretodiverseTheyreducenegativecontentwhilepromotingmeaningfulpoliticalTheystrengthencommunitybondswhilereducingmonitoringofonlineAccordingtothepassage,whatchangehastakenplaceinhowcontentbecomeswidelyOfficialsourcesnowreceiveprioritytreatmentoveramateurEmotionalappealhasbecomelessimportantthanfactualaccuracyindrivingContentpopularitynowdependsmoreonalgorithmicpromotionthanactiveTheroleofuserrecommendationhasbeenreplacedbyqualityassessmentWhichofthefollowingwouldbethemostsuitabletitlefortheTheRiseofPrivateFromPublicSquaretoPrivateWhyAlgorithmsAreRuiningSocialTheFutureofOnlineSectionDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.ThisThisallowedthemtocleandataandreconstructneuralactivityinthefetalInfact,thisefficiencyreachesitspeakduringthefetalThissuggestsafterformingmanyconnections,thebrainneedstimetorefineitsHowever,scientistshavelongstruggledtocaptureclearsignalsfromthefetalTheactivationoftheseareashasaclearadaptiveSomeresearchersarguethatgeneticprogrammingalonedrivestheseearlyTheBrainBeforeandAfterInanewstudyresearchersanalyzed184brainscanscollectedfrom140fetuses(胎儿)andinfantsbeforeandshortlyafterbirth.Thesescansprovidedaclearviewofhowthebrainchangesacrosstransitional _7 Toovercomethischallenge,theresearchteamusedaninnovativeapproach:asoftdetectiondeviceplacedgentlyonthemother’sbelly,combinedwithAIalgorithmstoremovemotioninterference. 48 Thescansrevealedasignificantincreaseinneuronalactivityaroundbirthwithinspecificbrainnetworks.Theseincludethesensorimotornetwork,responsibleforprocessingexternalstimulisuchaslightandsoundandcoordinatingmovement,andthedeeprelaynetwork,whichactsasanhubbetweendifferentbrainregions. 49 Afterbirth,infantsaresuddenlyexposedtoafloodofsensoryinformation—fromhospitalequipmentsoundstonewsmellsandlights.Thebrainmustquicklypreparetohandleamuch“noisier”world.Astheleadresearchernoted,“Untilnow,littlewasknownabouthowbrainactivityactuallychangesatthemomentofbirth.”Thenewfindingsnowbegintofillthisgap.Adeeperfindingshowedthatwhilefunctionalconnectionsbetweenneuronsincreasedsharplyaroundbirth,theefficiencycommunicationimprovedmoregradually. _0 Itdoesthisbyadjustingitsstructureandremovingunnecessarylinksthroughaprocessknownassynapticpruning.Thesefindingsnowenableresearcherstosystematicallyexplorehowenvironmentalfactorsshapeearlybraindevelopmentandplantocomparebrainnetworkgrowthinpretermandfull-termbabiestoseeifearlydevelopmentSummaryDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.ClassicsonModernFourcenturiesafterhisdeath,Shakespearestillappearsinunexpectedplaces—notonlytraditionalstagesbutinfilms,schools,andexperimentaltheaters.SomedirectorsnowplaceHamletincorporateboardroomsorsetRomeoandJulietinmoderncities.Ambition,jealousyandyounglovetranslateeasilyacrosscenturies,andaudiencesunfamiliarwithElizabethanhistorymayfindthestoriesmoreapproachableinfamiliarsettings.YetasShakespeare’sworksareincreasinglyreimagined,acentralquestionemerges:howmuchadaptationistoomuchbeforetheoriginalspiritislost?DirectorEmmaRicehassuggestedthatmodernadaptationsmaketimelessthemesmoreaccessibletocontemporaryaudiences.Whenthestoriesappearinfamiliarsettings,studentsencounteringtheplaysforthefirsttimeoftenfindtheideaseasiertograspandthecharacterseasiertorelateto.Shehasalsoobservedthatupdatingthesettingcanreve