2026年新高考物理非谓语动词专题分析含解析

2026年新高考物理非谓语动词专题分析含解析考试时间：______分钟总分：______分姓名：______第一部分阅读理解Directions:Readthepassagecarefullyandchoosethebestanswerforeachquestion.Thediscoveryofquantummechanicsintheearly20thcenturyrevolutionizedphysics,providinganewframeworkforunderstandingthebehaviorofmatterandenergyatmicroscopicscales.Centraltothisframeworkistheconceptofquantization,theideathatcertainphysicalproperties,suchasenergyandmomentum,canonlytakeondiscretevaluesratherthancontinuousones.Thiswasaradicaldeparturefromclassicalphysics,whichassumedthatthesepropertiescouldvaryinfinitely.Oneofthemoststrikingfeaturesofquantummechanicsiswave-particleduality.Particles,suchaselectronsandphotons,exhibitbothwave-likeandparticle-likepropertiesdependingontheexperimentalcontext.Forinstance,thephotoelectriceffectcanonlybeexplainedbyassumingthatlightconsistsofparticlescalledphotons,eachcarryingaspecificquantumofenergy.Ontheotherhand,phenomenasuchasinterferenceanddiffractionstronglysuggestthatthesesameparticlesalsobehaveaswaves.TheSchrödingerequationisafundamentalequationinquantummechanicsthatdescribeshowthequantumstateofaphysicalsystemchangesovertime.Itisalinearpartialdifferentialequationthatoperatesonthewavefunctionofthesystem,whichcontainsalltheinformationaboutthequantumstate.SolvingtheSchrödingerequationallowsphysiciststodeterminetheprobabilitydistributionofvariouspropertiesofaquantumsystem,suchasitspositionandmomentum.Quantummechanicsalsointroducestheconceptofuncertainty.Heisenberg'suncertaintyprinciplestatesthatitisimpossibletosimultaneouslyknowboththeexactpositionandexactmomentumofaparticle.Themorepreciselyonepropertyismeasured,thelesspreciselytheothercanbeknown.Thisinherentuncertaintyisnotduetothelimitationsofmeasurementinstrumentsbutisafundamentalpropertyofnatureatthequantumlevel.Despiteitsabstractnature,quantummechanicshasnumerouspracticalapplications.Technologiessuchassemiconductors,lasers,andmagneticresonanceimaging(MRI)allrelyonprinciplesofquantummechanics.Thedevelopmentofquantumcomputers,whichpromisetosolvecertainproblemsmuchfasterthanclassicalcomputers,isalsodrivenbyquantummechanicalprinciples.1.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Thehistoryofquantummechanicsanditsmajorcontributors.B.Themathematicalfoundationsofquantummechanicsanditsequation.C.Therevolutionaryimpactofquantummechanicsonphysicsandtechnology.D.Thewave-particledualityanduncertaintyprincipleinquantummechanics.2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisanexampleofwave-likebehaviorexhibitedbyparticles?A.Thephotoelectriceffect.B.Thebehaviorofphotons.C.Interferenceanddiffraction.D.Heisenberg'suncertaintyprinciple.3.Theword"quantization"inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:A.Discontinuity.B.Measurement.C.Revolution.D.Understanding.4.WhatdoestheSchrödingerequationprimarilydo?A.Describethemotionofparticlesinclassicalphysics.B.Explainthephotoelectriceffect.C.Determinetheprobabilitydistributionofaquantumsystem'sproperties.D.Introducetheconceptofwave-particleduality.5.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisaconsequenceofHeisenberg'suncertaintyprinciple?A.Quantummechanicsisbasedonclassicalphysicsprinciples.B.Itispossibletoknowboththepositionandmomentumofaparticlesimultaneously.C.Themorepreciselyonepropertyismeasured,thelesspreciselytheothercanbeknown.D.Measurementinstrumentsarethemainlimitationinquantummechanics.6.Thepassagesuggeststhatquantummechanicshasinfluencedwhichofthefollowingtechnologies?A.Nuclearpowerplants.B.Airconditioningsystems.C.SemiconductorsandMRImachines.D.Railwaysignalingsystems.7.Theword"revolutionized"inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:A.Improved.B.Changeddramatically.C.Simplified.D.Modernized.8.Whatistheprimarypurposeofthepassage?A.Tocriticizeclassicalphysics.B.Tointroducethefundamentalconceptsofquantummechanics.C.Toexplainthedevelopmentofquantumcomputers.D.Todescribethehistoricalfiguresinquantummechanics.9.Theword"discrete"inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:A.Continuous.B.Separate.C.Complex.D.Infinite.10.Accordingtothepassage,whatisakeyfeatureofquantumstates?A.Theyarealwayscertain.B.Theycanonlybedescribedusingclassicalequations.C.Theyaredescribedbyawavefunction.D.Theydonotchangeovertime.第二部分语法填空Directions:Completeeachsentencewithonesuitableword.1.Theresearchersdesignedanexperiment______totestthetheoryproposedbyEinstein.2.______bythestrongwind,the风筝(kite)felltotheground.3.Theboy,______injuredintheaccident,wastakentothehospitalimmediately.4.Water,______at100degreesCelsius,boilsquickly.5.Thescientistworkedtirelessly______thediscoveryofanewelement.6.Theresultsofthestudyindicatethatthenewdrugis______effectiveintreatingthedisease.7.Theathlete,______towinthegoldmedal,practicedeveryday.8.Thebook,______onquantumphysics,isrecommendedforadvancedstudents.9.Thecommitteeacceptedtheproposal______muchenthusiasmfromthemembers.10.Thetelescope,______in1990,hasprovidedastronomerswithstunningimagesofdistantgalaxies.第三部分完形填空Directions:Readthepassagecarefullyandchoosethebestanswerforeachblank.Lastyear,ourschool______(11)anewsciencelaboratory.It______(12)inthebasementofthemainbuildingand______(13)avarietyofequipmentforphysics,chemistry,andbiologyexperiments.Thelaboratory______(14)byateamofexperiencedteacherswho______(15)studentswithhands-onexperienceinscientificresearch.Thenewlaboratory______(16)asignificantimprovementinourscienceeducationprogram.Beforeitsconstruction,students______(17)limitedaccesstolaboratoryequipmentand______(18)opportunitiestoconductexperiments.Now,theycan______(19)awiderangeofexperiments,whichhelpsthembetterunderstandscientificconcepts.Theteachers______(20)thenewlaboratoryasavaluableresourceforstudents.Theybelievethatthelaboratory______(21)studentstodeveloptheircriticalthinkingandproblem-solvingskills.Inaddition,it______(22)themtoparticipateinsciencecompetitionsandresearchprojects.Thelaboratoryalso______(23)acomputerroom,wherestudentscanaccessscientificdatabasesand______(24)theirfindings.This______(25)thelaboratorynotonlyaplaceforconductingexperimentsbutalsoacenterforscientificresearchandinnovation.11.A.builtB.wasbuiltC.hasbuiltD.hadbuilt12.A.locatedB.waslocatedC.hasbeenlocatedD.hadbeenlocated13.A.providesB.providesforC.isprovidingD.hasprovided14.A.ismanagedB.managesC.wasmanagedD.managed15.A.guidesB.guideC.willguideD.areguiding16.A.representsB.representsasC.representsforD.isrepresenting17.A.hadB.haveC.werehavingD.hadhad18.A.hadB.haveC.weregivenD.hadbeengiven19.A.conductB.conductingC.toconductD.conducted20.A.considerB.considersC.consideredD.willconsider21.A.enablesB.enableC.willenableD.enabled22.A.allowsB.allowsforC.isallowingD.allows23.A.includesB.includeswithC.isincludedD.includes24.A.recordB.recordingC.torecordD.recorded25.A.makesB.makesupC.makesforD.made第四部分阅读理解Directions:Readthepassagecarefullyandchoosethebestanswerforeachquestion.TheprocessofphotosynthesisiscrucialforlifeonEarth,asitistheprimarywayinwhichenergyfromthesunisconvertedintochemicalenergythatcanbeusedbylivingorganisms.Thisprocessoccursinthechloroplastsofplantcells,wherethegreenpigmentchlorophyllcapturessunlight.Theenergycapturedbychlorophyllisusedtoconvertcarbondioxideandwaterintoglucose,asimplesugar,andoxygen.Photosynthesisconsistsoftwomainstages:thelight-dependentreactionsandthelight-independentreactions,alsoknownastheCalvincycle.Duringthelight-dependentreactions,whichtakeplaceinthethylakoidmembranesofthechloroplasts,sunlightisabsorbedbychlorophyllandusedtogenerateATP(adenosinetriphosphate)andNADPH(nicotinamideadeninedinucleotidephosphate).Theseenergy-richmoleculesarethenusedinthelight-independentreactions.Thelight-independentreactions,whichoccurinthestromaofthechloroplasts,usetheATPandNADPHproducedduringthelight-dependentreactionstoconvertcarbondioxideintoglucose.Thisprocessisoftenreferredtoascarbonfixation.TheCalvincycleinvolvesaseriesofenzyme-mediatedreactionsthatultimatelyleadtotheproductionofglucose,whichplantsuseforenergyandasabuildingblockforgrowth.Theefficiencyofphotosynthesiscanbeinfluencedbyvariousfactors,includinglightintensity,temperature,andtheavailabilityofcarbondioxideandwater.Forexample,iflightintensityistoolow,therateofphotosynthesiswilldecreasebecausethereisnotenoughenergybeingcapturedtodrivetheprocess.Similarly,ifthetemperatureistoohighortoolow,theenzymesinvolvedinphotosynthesismaynotfunctionoptimally.Despitethechallenges,photosynthesisisaremarkableprocessthathasevolvedovermillionsofyearstosupportlifeonEarth.Itnotonlyprovidesenergyforplantsbutalsoproducesoxygen,whichisessentialforthesurvivalofmostlivingorganisms.Understandingtheprocessofphotosynthesisiscrucialforaddressingglobalchallengessuchasclimatechangeandfoodsecurity.26.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?A.Thestructureofchloroplastsinplantcells.B.Theprocessofphotosynthesisanditsimportance.C.Thefactorsthataffecttheefficiencyofphotosynthesis.D.Thediscoveryofphotosynthesisbyscientists.27.Accordingtothepassage,whathappensduringthelight-dependentreactions?A.Carbondioxideisconvertedintoglucose.B.ATPandNADPHareproducedusingsunlight.C.Oxygenisreleasedintotheatmosphere.D.TheCalvincyclebegins.28.Theword"crucial"inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:A.Important.B.Difficult.C.Complicated.D.Rare.29.WhatisthepurposeoftheCalvincycle?A.Tocapturesunlight.B.TogenerateATPandNADPH.C.Toconvertcarbondioxideintoglucose.D.Toreleaseoxygen.30.Accordingtothepassage,howcantheefficiencyofphotosynthesisbeaffected?A.Byincreasingtheamountofcarbondioxide.B.Bydecreasingthetemperature.C.Byreducinglightintensity.D.Byincreasingtheavailabilityofwater.31.Theword"enzymes"inthefourthparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:A.Molecules.B.Proteins.C.Reactions.D.Cells.32.Whatisthemainfunctionofoxygenproducedduringphotosynthesis?A.Toprovideenergyforplants.B.Tosupportthegrowthofplants.C.Tobeusedbyotherlivingorganisms.D.Tofixcarbondioxide.33.Thepassagesuggeststhatunderstandingphotosynthesisisimportantfor:A.Developingnewdrugs.B.Addressingglobalenvironmentalissues.C.Improvingagriculturalpractices.D.Creatingnewtypesoflighting.34.Accordingtothepassage,whatistheroleofchlorophyllinphotosynthesis?A.Toproduceoxygen.B.Toconvertwaterintoglucose.C.Tocapturesunlight.D.Tofixcarbondioxide.35.Theword"remarkable"inthelastparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:A.Ordinary.B.Simple.C.Unusual.D.Ordinary.试卷答案第一部分阅读理解1.C解析：文章首段指出量子力学革命化了物理学，并提出了核心概念（量化）。第二段讲波粒二象性，第三段讲薛定谔方程，第四段讲不确定性原理，第五段讲应用。整篇文章围绕量子力学的革命性影响展开，C选项“对物理学产生了革命性的影响”最符合主旨。2.C解析：文章第二段明确提到“现象，如干涉和衍射，强烈表明这些粒子也表现为波”。干涉和衍射是波特有的现象，因此C选项“干涉和衍射”是粒子表现wave-likebehavior的例子。3.A解析：文章第一段“...theideathatcertainphysicalproperties,suchasenergyandmomentum,canonlytakeondiscretevaluesratherthancontinuousones.”中的“quantization”意为“量化”或“离散化”，与A选项“不连续性”意思最接近。4.C解析：文章第三段说明“Schrödingerequationisafundamentalequation...thatdescribeshowthequantumstateofaphysicalsystemchangesovertime.Itisalinearpartialdifferentialequationthatoperatesonthewavefunctionofthesystem,whichcontainsalltheinformationaboutthequantumstate.SolvingtheSchrödingerequationallowsphysiciststodeterminetheprobabilitydistributionofvariouspropertiesofaquantumsystem,suchasitspositionandmomentum.”即薛定谔方程描述量子态随时间的变化，通过求解该方程可以确定量子系统各种性质（如位置和动量）的概率分布。因此C选项“主要功能是确定量子系统各种性质的概率分布”最准确。5.C解析：文章第四段引用了海森堡不确定性原理，并解释了其含义：“Heisenberg'suncertaintyprinciplestatesthatitisimpossibletosimultaneouslyknowboththeexactpositionandexactmomentumofaparticle.Themorepreciselyonepropertyismeasured,thelesspreciselytheothercanbeknown.”即更精确地测量一个性质，另一个性质就越不精确。C选项与原文意思一致。6.C解析：文章最后一段明确指出“Technologiessuchassemiconductors,lasers,andmagneticresonanceimaging(MRI)allrelyonprinciplesofquantummechanics.”即半导体、激光和核磁共振成像（MRI）等技术都依赖于量子力学原理。因此C选项“半导体和MRI机器”是正确的。7.B解析：文章第一段“...revolutionizedphysics...”中的“revolutionized”意为“彻底改变”，与B选项“彻底改变”意思最接近。8.B解析：文章整体介绍了量子力学的几个核心概念（量化、波粒二象性、薛定谔方程、不确定性原理）及其意义和应用。因此B选项“介绍量子力学的基本概念”最符合文章主要目的。9.B解析：文章第一段提到“...certainphysicalproperties,suchasenergyandmomentum,canonlytakeondiscretevaluesratherthancontinuousones.”中的“discrete”意为“离散的”、“不连续的”，与B选项“分离的”意思最接近。10.C解析：文章第三段明确指出“Schrödingerequation...operatesonthewavefunctionofthesystem,whichcontainsalltheinformationaboutthequantumstate.”即量子态由波函数描述。因此C选项“它们由波函数描述”是正确的。第二部分语法填空1.totest解析：分析句子结构，“designed”是过去分词作后置定语修饰“anexperiment”。不定式短语“totestthetheoryproposedbyEinstein”在句中作目的状语，表示设计实验的目的。2.Dropped解析：分析句子结构，“Theball”是主语，“fell”是谓语动词。空格后的“bythestrongwind”是介词短语，表示被动意义。根据句意，球是被风丢下的，应用过去分词形式作状语，表示原因或状态，且逻辑主语是“theball”，与动词是被动关系。Dropped符合要求。3.Injured解析：分析句子结构，“Theboy”是主语，“wastaken”是谓语动词。空格处的过去分词“Injured”与后面的“intheaccident”一起作后置定语修饰“theboy”，说明男孩受伤的状态。4.Boiling解析：分析句子结构，“Water”是主语，“boils”是谓语动词。空格后的“at100degreesCelsius”是介词短语作状语。根据句意，水在100摄氏度时处于沸腾的状态，应用现在分词“boiling”作表语，表示水的状态。5.for解析：分析句子结构，“Thescientist”是主语，“worked”是谓语动词，“tirelessly”是副词作状语。空格后的“thediscoveryofanewelement”是不定式短语，此处应用“for+动名词”结构，表示“为了做某事”。6.Tobe解析：分析句子结构，“Theresults”是主语，“indicate”是谓语动词，“thatthenewdrugis______effective”是宾语从句。在宾语从句中，“effective”是形容词作表语。不定式短语“tobeeffective”在句中作主语补足语，说明新药的效果。由于drug与effective是被动关系，且表示一种状态，应用不定式的被动语态“tobe”。7.Eager解析：分析句子结构，“Theathlete”是主语，“practiced”是谓语动词。空格处的形容词“eager”作表语，说明运动员渴望赢得金牌的心态。8.On解析：分析句子结构，“Thebook”是主语，“isrecommended”是谓语动词。空格后的“onquantumphysics”是介词短语作后置定语，修饰“thebook”，说明这本书的内容是关于量子物理的。9.With解析：分析句子结构，“Thecommittee”是主语，“accepted”是谓语动词，“theproposal”是宾语。空格后的“muchenthusiasmfromthemembers”是介词短语。根据句意，委员会接受了提议，但成员们对此反应冷淡，应用“with+介词+名词”结构表示伴随状态或情况，此处用“with+介词（from）”表示“带有（来自…的）…情绪”。10.Built解析：分析句子结构，“Thetelescope”是主语，“hasprovided”是谓语动词。空格处的过去分词“Built”与时间状语“in1990”一起作后置定语修饰“thetelescope”，说明望远镜被建造的时间。第三部分完形填空11.B解析：分析句子结构，“ourschool”是主语，“______anewsciencelaboratory”是谓语动词短语。根据句意，学校被建了一个新的科学实验室，应用被动语态的过去式“wasbuilt”。12.A解析：分析句子结构，“It”是主语，“______inthebasementofthemainbuilding”是过去分词短语作后置定语修饰“It”。根据句意，实验室位于主楼的地下室，应用过去分词“located”。13.B解析：分析句子结构，“It”是主语，“______avarietyofequipment...”是谓语动词短语。根据句意，实验室提供各种设备，应用现在完成时的被动语态“providesfor”。14.A解析：分析句子结构，“Thelaboratory”是主语，“______byateamofexperiencedteachers”是过去分词短语作后置定语修饰“Thelaboratory”。根据句意，实验室由一个经验丰富的教师团队管理，应用被动语态的现在时“ismanaged”。15.C解析：分析句子结构，“ateamofexperiencedteachers”是主语，“______studentswithhands-onexperience...”是谓语动词短语。根据句意，老师们将指导学生获得实践经验，应用一般将来时的被动语态“willguide”。16.A解析：分析句子结构，“Thenewlaboratory”是主语，“______asignificantimprovement...”是谓语动词短语。根据句意，新实验室代表着教育计划的显著改进，应用现在时“represents”。17.D解析：分析句子结构，“students”是主语，“______limitedaccessto...”是谓语动词短语。根据句意，在建造新实验室之前，学生们曾经有过有限的设备使用机会，应用过去完成时“hadhad”。18.D解析：分析句子结构，“students”是主语，“______opportunitiestoconductexperiments”是谓语动词短语。根据句意，学生们曾经有过进行实验的机会，应用过去完成时的被动语态“hadbeengiven”。19.A解析：分析句子结构，“they”是主语，“______awiderangeofexperiments”是谓语动词短语。根据句意，学生们可以开展各种实验，应用动词原形“conduct”。20.B解析：分析句子结构，“Theteachers”是主语，“______thenewlaboratoryasavaluableresource”是谓语动词短语。根据句意，老师们将新实验室视为一个宝贵的资源，应用一般现在时“considers”。21.A解析：分析句子结构，“it”是主语，“______studentstodevelop...skills”是谓语动词短语。根据句意，实验室使学生能够发展他们的批判性思维和解决问题的能力，应用现在时“enables”。22.B解析：分析句子结构，“it”是主语，“______themtoparticipatein...”是谓语动词短语。根据句意，实验室允许他们参加科学竞赛和科研项目，应用现在时“allowsfor”（此处allowfor有“允许…存在”或“考虑到”的意思，更符合语境）。23.A解析：分析句子结构，“Thelaboratory”是主语，“______acomputerroom”是谓语动词短语。根据句意，实验室包括一个计算机室，应用现在时“includes”。24.C解析：分析句子结构，“students”是主语，“______theirfindings”是谓语动词短语。根据句意，学生们可以在计算机室访问数据库并记录他们的发现，应用不定式“torecord”。25.C解析：分析句子结构，“This”是主语，“______t