雨课堂学堂在线学堂云《学术英语素养与思辨能力培养（华北电力）》单元测试考核答案

第1题1.

Ascientistplantedtwogroupsofplantsunderidenticalconditionsoflight,temperature,humidity,andmoisture.Everydayhewouldplaysoundeffectsofthunderstormstooneofthegroupofplantsandsoundsofcitytrafficfortheother.Thegroupofwhichheplayedthunderstormalldiedwithinafewweeks,buttheothergroupthrivedduringtheexperiment.Hethereforeconcludedthatthesoundofcitytrafficismoreeffectiveforhelpplantsgrowthanisthesoundofthunderstorms.Ø

Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,wouldmostseriouslyweakenthescientist’sconclusion?AA.

Thescientistputdifferencevarietiesofplantsineachgroup.BB.

ThelightaffectingtheplantschangedaccordingtothetimeofdayCC.

Theplantsinthegroupforwhichheplayedcitytrafficsoundsdiedseveralweeksaftertheexperiment.DD.

Theplantswereallpurchasedatthesametime.EE.

Theplantsinthegroupforwhichheplayedcitytrafficsoundsrequiredmorewaterthanthescientistactuallygavethem.第2题Theamountofcaffeineinvariousteaisgreatdifferent.Blackteahasmorecaffeinethangreentea.ButsincePu’erteahasmorecaffeinethanJasminetea,itfollowsthatblackteahasmorecaffeinethanJasminetea.Ø

Anyofthefollowing,inintroducedintotheargumentasanadditionalpremise,makestheargumentabovelogicallycorrectexcept?AA.

GreenteahasmorecaffeinethanJasminetea.BB.

GreenteahasmorecaffeinethanPu’ertea.CC.

GreenteaandPu’erteahavethesameamountofcaffeine.DD.

BlackteaandPu’erteahavethesameamountofcaffeine.EE.

Pu’erteahasmorecaffeinethanblacktea.正确答案：E第1题Whichofthefour“misleadingprescriptions”canbeseenaspartofaprocessofdecisionmaking?ACorporationsshouldinvestinallopportunitieswhereprobablereturnsexceedthecostofcapitalBBetterquantificationoffutureuncertaintyandriskisthekeytomoreeffectiveresourceallocationC

Planningandcapitalbudgetingaretwoseparateprocesses---capitalbudgetingisafinancialactivityDTopmanagement’sroleistochallengethenumbersratherthantheunderlyingthinking.第2题Lucyinsistedonatalkwiththemanagerherself.Q:WhatarethetypeoftheambiguityoftheabovesentenceAPolysemyBGrammaticalambiguityCSemanticambiguityDAnaphorambiguity

第3题Mary

can’tbearchildrensoshenevertalksaboutthem.Whatarethetypeoftheambiguityoftheabovesentence?APolysemyBMisleadingpunCCombinatorialambiguityDGrammaticalambiguity第4题Whatdolawyersdoaftertheydie?Theyliestill.Q:Whatarethetypeoftheambiguityoftheabovesentence?APolysemyBGrammaticalambiguityCMisleadingpunDCombinatorial

ambiguity第5题Manypeopleintheworldareunder-nourishedordonotgetenoughtoeat.Moreshouldbedonetoreducetheworld’spopulationsothatfoodsuppliescangoround.

Q:whatistheimplicitassumptionusedasreasontosupporttheconclusion?AMorepeopleandlessfoodcausetheunder-nourishorstarvingintheworld.BThewholeworldshouldtakethestrategyof"HumanIntervention"toreducetheworld’spopulation.C

Thefoodsuppliesshouldgoroundtomeettheneedoftheunder-nouishedandthestarvedinsomeofthepoorareas.DMoreshouldbedonetodealwiththeproblemoftheunder-nourisedandthestarvedtogetenoughfood.第6题Frankhasaswollenfingerbecausehehasnailedittwiceinthemorning.

(Theabovesentenceisacause)第7题Frankmovestoacoastalcityforthesakeofhishealthbecausehefollowed

theadvicefromofhisdoctor.

(Theabovesentenceisaexplanation)第8题Frankshouldbuyhealthinsurancebecausehecan'tpayforit.

(Theabovesentenceisanargument)第9题XuLida,amiddleschoolstudentwhostayedinthecityduetoillness,hasbecomeanexcellenttranslatorduetohishardworkandlong-termpersistence;LiWeixuan,amiddleschoolgraduate,hasbeenpromotedtoassociateprofessorduetoherexcellentperformanceonmathbyhardworkandhardstudy;WuShilong,whowasrejectedinthecollegeentranceexamination20yearsago,hasbeenworkinghardinthefuzzyteachingfieldfor20yearsandachievedremarkableresults.Itcanbeseenthatintheprocessofself-study,aslongaswestudyhard,persistforalongtime,andhavetherightmethod,wecancertainlymakeachievements.Q:Canyoutellwhich

argumentation

methodsisit

?

AInductiveargumentationBDeductiveargumentationCFactualargumentationD

Causalargumentation正确答案：CA第10题Whyisperseverancetheguaranteeofsuccess?Becausewhateverwedowillnotbeasmoothsailing.Manydifficultiesandsetbacksweencounteredarethestumblingblockonourwayforward.Thus,inordertogetthefruitsofsuccess,wemustcarryforwardtheperseveranceoftenaciousstruggletoconquerthem.Becausewithperseverance,wehavethecouragetofightagainstdifficulties;withperseverance,wehavepersistence.Dickensoncesaid:"Tenaciousperseverancecanconqueranypeakintheworld.Q:Canyoutellwhich

argumentation

methodsisit

?

AFigurativeargumentationBQuotationargumentationCCausalargumentationDAnalogyargumentation正确答案：BC第11题CommendatoryNeutralDerogatory________________________________________________Canyoucategorizethewordsorsentencesintodifferentcolumns?正确答案：:A.Mikeiseasyandfast.正确答案：:B.Maryiseasyandfast.正确答案：:C.Politician正确答案：:D.Legislator正确答案：:E.Fattening正确答案：:F.Rich正确答案：:G.Nourishing正确答案：:H.Stench正确答案：:I.Smell正确答案：:J.Well-known正确答案：:K.Slender正确答案：:L.Dutiful推理能力技巧第1题Asymbioticrelationshipisaninteractionbetweentwoormorespeciesinwhichonespecieslivesinoronanotherspecies.Therearethreemaintypesofsymbioticrelationships:parasitism,commensalism,andmutualism.Thefirstandthethirdcanbekeyfactorsinthestructureofabiologicalcommunity;thatis,allthepopulationsoforganismslivingtogetherandpotentiallyinteractinginaparticulararea.Whichofthefollowingstatementsabout“commensalism”canbeinferredfromtheparagraph?AItexcludesinteractionsbetweenmorethantwospecies.BItmakesitlesslikelyforspecieswithinacommunity,tosurvive.CItssignificancetotheorganizationofbiologicalcommunitiesissmall.DItsroleinthestructureofbiologicalpopulationsisadisruptiveone.第2题Thepremiseistrue,theconclusionisfalse,andtheargumentisnotvalid.Q:Whichofthefollowingexampleisapplytotheabovestatement?ASomepoetsareseers.

Someartistsarenotseers.

Sosomeartistsarenotpoets.BAllpoetsareseers.

Allartistsarepoets.

Soallartistsareseers.CSomepoetsareseers.

Someartistsarenotseers.

Sosomeartistsarenotseers.DPoetsMandNareseers.

Poets

MandN

arenotartists

.

Sosomeseerdarenotpoets.第3题Howmuchdoyouknowaboutthehottermof“GroupTesting”whichisquitecommoninthe“nucleicacidtesting”ofcoronavirusandhowdoesitoperate?Q:Whatthinkingtheoryisitbased?

AHorizontalthinking

BConvergentthinking

CDivergentthinkingDSystematic

thinking第4题Trytorecognizethewaysofqestioningreferredbythepicturebelow.AExtensionMethodBSituationHypothesisCLinkagemethodDMethodofDifferenceEDivergentMethod正确答案：E第5题Thereportmakesreferencetobranches.Itmustbeaboutatree.第6题Theboxerdoesn’teatmeatorfish.Hedoeseatdairyproductsandvegetables.Theboxerisavegetarian.第7题Clairedoesnotplayanymusicalinstrument.Therefore,sheisnotamusician.第8题Basketballsareroundanditismuchfuninplayingorwatchingthegames.

(Thesentenceaboveisafact.)第9题Theclassroomisveryhot,andthetemperatureisabove26degreeCelsius.(Thesentenceaboveisanopioion.)第10题SixteennursesinSouthKorearesignedafterbeinginfectedwithCoronavirus-19.

(Thesentenceisafact.)第11题Personaltestimoniescanprovideinvaluableevidence,buttheyarenotalwaysaccurate.第12题Reorderthepoorly-orderedpassageA________________________________DCircadianrhythmsA.

Inexperiments,humanvolunteersspentseveralweeksundergroundinconstantlight.

B.

Ournaturalclocksarehelpedtoadjustbyexposuretosun-lightanddoresponsivetobiologicalrhythmsthantothedemandsofclocktimeorthedistractionsoftheoutsideworld.C.

Ourworkpatterns,leisurepatterns,architecture,lighting,food,drugsandmedicationcompetewithournaturalclocks.Thesebiologicalrhythmsareknownascircadianrhythmsandweknowtheyareparticularlystronginbirds.D.

Asthelong-termeffectsofdisruptingcircadianrhythmsareyettobediscovered,weshouldtakecaretoensurethehealthofshift-workersandthosewithgeneticconditionsthatmakethemlesssensitivetothebiological24-hourclock.Itmaybethatconditionsassociatedwithmentalill-health,suchasschizophreniaandbi-polardisorders,arealsolinkedtomalfunctionsincircadianrhythms.E.

Ifthispartofthebrainisdamaged,apersonlosesallsenseofanatural24-hourclock,wheresleepcoincideswithnight-time.Inotherpeople,circadianrhythmsaremuchstrongerthanwasexpected.F.

Inhumanstheyareparticularlycontrolledbythesuprachiasmaticnucleus(SCN)intheanteriorhypothalamusatthebaseofourbrains.G.

Astronauts,wholosethisconnectiontothesun’srhythmsforalongtime,findithardtoadjust.Manyrequiremedicationtohelpthemsleep.H.

Night-workers,evenafter20yearsonshiftpatterns,donotadjustcircadianrhythmstosuitthedemandsofnightworking.Certainillnessessuchaspepticulcersandheartdisease,aswellasincreasedriskofcarcrashes,aremuchmorecommontonight-shiftworkers.I.

Atfirst,theirnaturalclockandsleeppatternsweredisrupted.Afterafewweeks,theyrevertedbacktothenaturalcircadianrhythmwitha24-hourclockmoreorlessinlinewiththeoutsideworld.J.

Sincethemappingofhumangenesaspartofthegenomeproject,wehaveagreaterunderstandingofcircadianrhythmsanstheirroleingeneticconditions.Somefamilieshavegeneticconditionswhichmakethemlesssensitivetocircadianrhythms.Thismayhelpexplainpatternsofsleepdisturbancesfoundinthosefamilies.

malfunctionsincircadianrhythms.正确答案：:I正确答案：:B正确答案：:J正确答案：:C正确答案：:F正确答案：:E正确答案：:G正确答案：:H论证技巧第1题WarintheGulfislikelytohaveaffectedhowmuchoilisproducedinthenextfewmonths.Whenthereisashortageofoil,petrolpricesusuallyrise.Therefore,thepriceofpetrolislikelytorisethisyear.第2题

DigitalTVwillincreasethenumberofchannelsfromwhichviewerscanchoose.Themorechoicethereis,thebetterthequalityoftheprogramsthatareproduced.Therefore,digitalTVwillleadtobetterTVprograms.第3题Bollywood,theMumbai-basedfilmindustryinIndia，producesaround900filmseveryyear,farmorethananyrival.Thesearebeingdistributedtomorecountriesthaneverbefore.Indianfilmsusedtoappealmostlytohomeaudiencesbutnowattractlargenon-Indianaudience.Indiahasdiversifiedintoart-filmsthatwininternationalacclaim.Therefore,theIndianfilmindustryisgainingworldwideappeal.第4题Forthetablebelow,identifywhichsetofconceptsisassociatedwith

eachkeyword.1.moutain

____A.innocence,caring,lovetenderness,softness2.child

____B.danger,bravery,speed,unstoppable3.fruitextract

____C.romance,marriage,happiness,beingspecialorchosen4.walloffire____D.manbeingindependent;aplacewomenaren’tmeantogo5.monkey

____E.healthiness,vitamins,well-being,flowinghair6.ring

____F.naturalfreshness,refreshinglycool,outdoors,hardiness7.shedorden

____G.humour,playfulness,tricks正确答案：:F正确答案：:A正确答案：:E正确答案：:D正确答案：:G正确答案：:C正确答案：:B第5题whattheanalogyis:whichtwothingsarebeingcompared?Theearth’satmosphereislikeablanketofgasesaroundtheearth.Itisonlyathinlayerbutithelpstomaintainthetemperatureoftheearth,keepinguswarm.Italsooffersalayerofprotectionfromtheintensityofthesun.Aearth’satmosphereandablanketBearth’satmosphereandgasesCearth’satmosphereandalayerofprotectionDearth’satmosphereandablanketofgases第6题

Whattheanalogyis:whichtwothingsarebeingcompared?Therewasnowaythedefendantwasabletohelphimself.Hehadbeenunderexcessivestrainforsometimeandhisemotionshadbeenbuilduplikesteamunderpressure.Thewitnesshadbeengoadingthedefendant,knowinghewaslikelytogetangry.Thedefendantwaslikeapressurecooker,justwaitingtoexplode.Eventually,hejustreachedboilingpointandanexplosionbecameinevitable.AthedefendantandapressurecookerBthedefendantandthesteamunderpressureCexcessivestrainandthesteam

D

boilingpointandanexplosion第7题Whattheanalogyis:whichtwothingsarebeingcompared?Investorsincertainbusinesseslostagreatdealofmoneyinrecentyearsastheirstocksandshareswaveredinthefinanc