广东汕尾市陆丰市玉燕中学2025-2026学年高二下学期素养测试4英语试题（含解析）

AThefollowing4famouspaintings—fromJanvanEyck’sportraittoPabloPmasterpiece—havestoodthetestoftime.JanvanEyck’sAmolfiniPortrait,anoilpaintmanandawomanholdhandswithawindowbehindhimandabedbehindher,isunoneofthemasterpiecesintheNationalGallery,London.Thispaintingisasvisuallyinterestinitisfamed.Itisalsoaninformativedocuheavyuseofsymbolism—whilehusbandswentouttoengageinbusiness,wivesconcernedthemselveswithdomesticdutVincentvanGoghpaintedTheStarryNight,oilonlandscapepaintingofanexpressivenightskyoverasmallhilstayatthementalhospitalnearSaintheMuseumofModemArtinNewYorkCitypurchasedthepaintingfromaprivatecollectorin1941,itwasnotwellknown,butithassincebecomeoneofvanGogh’smostfamousworks.TheHarvestersisanoilpaintingdescribestheharvesttimewhichmostcommonlyoccurredwithinthemonthsofAugustandSeptember.NicolaesJonghelinck,amerchantbankerandartcollectocommissionedthispainting.ThepaintinghasbeenattheMetropolitanMuseumofArtinNewGuernica,alargeblack-and-whiteoilpainting,waspaintedbytheCubistSpanishPabloPicassoin1937.Thetitle‘Guernica’referstothecityduringtheSpanishCivilWar.Thepaintingdepictsthehorrorsofwarandasaresult,hascometobeananti-warsymbolandareminderofthetragediesofwar.Today,thepaintingishousedattheMuseoNacionalCentrodeArteReinaSo1．Whichofthefollowin2．WhocreatedthepaintinBYesterday,asalesmancalledmebyphone,onbehalfofatelecomcompany,tosellhisphoneplans.IwasatworkandIusuallydidn’tlimyselfthatIcouldn’ttalkyetandsaidhecouldcallmebackonehourlater,aThat’swhathedid.Sowetalkedfplans,whichhestatedtobebetterthanmycurrentone.WhilelisteningtohlostinmythoughtsandIgaveseveral“hmmwasstillthere.Sometimes,IfeltabitimpatieninFrench.ButIstayedcalmandpoliteuntiltheendofthediscussion.Attheendoftheconversation,herevealed(袒露)thefollowingtome:“Thankyou,Linda.YouarethefirstpersoninalongtimewithwhomIhadanpeopleshoutatus,speakthadaconversationwithoutanoffense.IrelaxedinfrontofyourTV.Instead,youlistenedcarefullytome.Isincerelythankyoutotellittoyou.”Ithankedhimforthisrevelation.Irealizedhowmuchhecouldhavebeenthesubjectofverbalviolence,allthroughhisworkingdays.Unfortunately,thetelephoneenablesthecustomtohavesuchaggressivebehavior.Indeed,physicalbarriersdonofdehumanization(非人性化)seemstohappen.Iamalsoconsciousthatthosepeoplegettiimpatientcouldhavebeenme.Yet,hewasonlydoinghisjobandheshouldn’thaves7．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“verbaCOursolarsystemispepperedwithlargerocks,calledasteroids.IfaEarth,therearemanypossibleoutcomes.Thespacerockanyone.Oritcouldwipeoutacity.Peoplehaveahardtimeunderstanasteroidstrike.Soaresearchteamcalculated“AlargeormediumasteroidhittingEarthwouldbenoticedworldwide,”saysCarrieNugent,aplanetaryscientistatOlinCollege.Whilekillerasteroidsonethatfinishedoffthedinosaurs66millionyearsago,Nexpectedtooccurinthefuture.“Wetrytoputtcontextwithotherpreventableevents,”Usingacomputerprogram,Nugentandherteammodeledagroupofasteroidssimilartorealnear-Earthobjects(NEOs).Theyfedthemintoaprogramcalusethatprogramtolookuppredictedlocationsforobjectsinthesolarsystem.FortteamdeterminedwhethereachmodeledasteroidwouldcrosspathswithEaThatallowedtheteamtoestimatethefrequencyofasteroidsbiwhichisaroundthesizeofalargeship,Nugentsays.AnasteroidofthissizewouHowever,thatnumberisstillhardtounderstand.SoNugentcomparedthechancesasteroidhittingEarthwithothereventsthatpeoplemayexpeOne-In-XChanceEventHappenstoaBooksandmoviesoftendescribeasteroidrun-insasunstoppableeactuallyentirelytheopposite,”shesays.NASA’sDARwasn’tindangerofhittingEarth.Thetestchangedtheasteroid’spath.Thisshowedthatpeoplethatlocatetheseobje8．Accordingtoparagraph2,whatdoesNugentthink9．WhatdoestheunderlinedA．Computermodeling.D．TostresstheimportanceoDIntheblinkofaneye,artificialintelligence(AI)hasrapidlyenteredeverywalkoflife,fromself-drivingtaxistosoftwarethatreadsX-rays,tovirtualmeetingsanddrafte-mails.However,willAIdisplaceentireindustrLikepastworld-changingtoolssuchasmechanicalcloth-makingmachireshapetheworkplacegreatly.Buttechno-pessimistsargueAI’simpacthasneverbeenseenbefore.EconomistsestimateAIcouldrob40%ofjobs,withmachinesreplacingmuchskilledhumanworkandnotethatevenremainingjobsmayseedecliningwagesduetoreducedlaborvalue.Amidtheseworries,2024NobelPrize-winningeconomistsDaronAcemogluandSiJohnsonadviselearningfromDavidRicardo’sflexiblethinkingaboutInhisworkPrinciplesofPoliticalEconomyandTaxation,economistRicardoinsupportednewspinningmachines(纺纱机),believingtheywouldpromoteproductivThoughhomespinnersweredisplaced,manyshiftedtoweaving(织布).However,changedeverything:onemachineoutperformed10-20handDisplacedweavershadnochoicesasfactoriescreatedfewnewjobs,leadingtofallingsocialunrest.Witnessingtheseconsequences,Ricardotworkacknowledgedthatfactorsboostingnationalincomemightalsomakepopulationexresourcesandworsenlaborers’conditioEnglandeventuallylearnedfromthestrugglesofhandweaversandtheworkingclass.Tgovernmentexpandedpoliticalrepresentationforindustrialcities,pmanagechildlabor,andendedThehistoryrepeatstoday.AstheAIeraapproaches,JohnsonnotesthatAIhasatenormoustalents,similartothelate-1990sInternetboom,buthistory—especiallytheIRevolution—showsthat“newmiraclemachinesdonotguaranteebenefitsformostpeople.”Withthoughtfulpolicies,AIcanavoidrepeatingpastmistakesandbuildaninclWhentechnologyisguidedbywisdomandresponsibility,itcanbecomeapowerfultpeopleup,reducesinequality,andbringsgreateropportunitiestoall.A．Theclosureofcottageindustry.C．Theindifferenceofthegovernment.A．DetailsofDavidRicardC．TheintroductionoftheInternetboom.D．TheColorisfundamentalinhomedesign—somethingyou’llalwayshavegraspofhowtomanagecolorinyourspacesisoneofthefirststepstocreatingroomstolivein.Doyouwantaroomthat’sfulloflife?Professional?OrareyoujustlookingOvertheyears,therehavebeenanumberofdifferenttechniquestohelpdesignersapproachthisimportantpoint.reallyonlythreekindsofdecisionsyouneedtomakeaboutcolorinyourhome:thesmallthemediumones,andthe 18.They’rethelittlespotsofcolorlimostofususetoaddvisualinteresttoourrooms.Lesstiringthanpaintingyourwallsandlessexpensivethanbuyingacolorfulsofa,smallcolorchoicesbringwofbeingeasilychangeable.Mediumcolorchoicesaregenerallyfurniturepbookshelves.19.TamorepowerfuleffectonthefeeThelargecolordecisionsinyourroomsconcernthewalls,cyou’relookingatwallpaperorpaint,thetime,effortandrelativesignificant.2C．Ifyou’reexperimentiE．It’snotreallyagoF．Soitpaystobesure,becaus“Makemeamuscle!”wasmyfamilytradition.Myfatherwouldgivemyupperarmasqueeze(捏)andlaugh.“Verygood,”hask,“Pretty_________foryouroldman,don’tyouthink?”Myfatherwasa_________memberofwhatI’llcall“theMuscleClub”.Heloveddoingexercises,frombodybuildingtomartialarts.HefilledoujumpropesinthecornerandthesoundofkicksechoingthrobrotherandIbecamehisearliest.Ourgaragewasahome,wheremyfatherkickedtheairuntilourlegs, oursizeorage.Duringaboxingpractice,mybrothermycheek.Themademefallbackward.Hittingthegrkneltdownbesideme,saying,“Youanudge,“Standup.Showmehowtoyourself.”Ithrewanotherpunch,thistimeIrememberedtoshowmy—blockingitjustintime.Dadcheered,clappingloaboutbeing;itwasaboutthecourawayofasking:“Areyouready?Showmeyou’rehereandtokeepgoing.”Duringthe15thFive-YearPlaoftheChineseAcademyofSciences(CAS)willlaunchaseriesofscientificsatellitemissions,focusingonmajorfrontierslike36originoftheuniverseandthestartofsaidatapressconferenceheldonMondayaboutthelatestachipilotprogram.KeymissionsincludetheHongmengProgram,Kuafu-2,anexoplanesatellite,andanupgradedX-rayspaceobservatory.TheHongmengPrograupof10satellitesformingaradioteledesignedtocapturefaintcosun,willbethefirstintheworld39Since2011,China’sspacesciencepilotprogramincludingWukongandMicius,achievingmanyoriginalChina’sfirsts,andevenworldfirsts.AsChina’s 42(systematic),ithaspushedChina’sspaceresearchfrom“followingothers” 43“keepingpace”anMeanwhile,theprogramhasalsoactivelypursuedcomprehensive,multi-levelinternatcooperation,pioneeringnewmodelsofglobalpartnership,accordingtoofficialsfromtheNationalSpaceScienceCenter.Byestablishinginternationalscientifictdatasharing,ChinacontinuestoenhancePEclassesweren’talwayseasyforEva.Whileherclasorscoredbasketballpoints,she’dalwaysshrinktothesidelines,pretendingtotiehershoelacesjusttoavoiOneday,duringatimedrunningtest.Evatrtostandupandkeptrunning,butstillfailedtopassinthethegrades,afewstudentslaughed,andEva’scheeksburLaterthatafternoon,whenEvawenttotherestroom,she“BetEvacan’tevenfinishonelapwithoutgaspinglikeafish.”Theothermorehurtfulcomments.TearswelledupinEva’seyes,andallshewantedwastodisappear.Thatevening,Eva’smothernoticedsomethingwaswrongbecauseEvahadeatenothing.Aftersomegentlequestions,Evafinallytoldhermotherwhathadhappened.Hermothlistenedquietly,thenhuggedherandsaid,“Everyonehastheirownpace,Evhowfastyourun,butthatyounevergiveup.”Thenextdayafterschool,Eva’smothersurprisedherwithapairofbrightredrunningt’straintogether,”shesuggestedwithasmile.Atfirst,Efrunningagainfilledherwithanxiety,butthelookofencouragementonhermother’sfacegaveherthecouragetosayyes.Thentheylaceduptheirshoesandstjoggedaroundtheirneighborhoodalmosteveryafternoon.AlthoughEvagrewtiredinthebeginning,hermotheralwayscheeredheroEva’sstamina(耐力)improved,andsheevenbegAfewweekslater,thePEclassheldanotherrunning_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ EveryonewassurprisedatEva’sprogres本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四幅经受住了时间考验的著名画作。amoderatelyabstractlandscapepaintingofanexpressivenightskyoverasmallhiduringhis12-monthstayatthementalhospitalnearSaintbyPieterBruegeltheElderin1565.ItdescribestheharvestYorkCitypurchasedthepaintingfromaprivatecollectorhassincebecomeoneofvanGogh’smostfamousworks.(1941年，当纽约现代艺术博物馆从一IexcusedmyselfthatIcouldn’ttalkyetandsaidhecouldcallme(我当时在工作，而且我通常不喜欢电话销售，所以我找借口说自己还不能小时后再打来，由此可推知，作者这样做的目的是想用这种方式来5．推理判断题。根据第二段“Whilelistegaveseveral“hmmhmm”asasignofagreement的时候，我有时会陷入沉思，我会说几声“嗯嗯”来表示同意，让他相信我还在听。)”可知，6．推理判断题。根据第三段“Attheendoftheconvme:“Thankyou,Linda.Youarethefirstpersoninconversation.Usually,peopleshoutatus,speaktousrudely,ayoucouldhaverelaxedinfrontofyourTV.Instead,youlistenedcarefullytome.Isincyou.Iwantedtotellittoyou.”(在谈话结束时，他向我透露了以下内容：“谢谢你，琳谢你。我想告诉你。”)”可知，销售员在谈话结束时向作者表达了感激之情，称作者7．词句猜测题。根据划线短语所在句“Irealizedhowmuchhecouldhavebeesuchaggressivebehavior.Indeed,physicalbarriersdonotexistinthissituat事实上，在这种情况下，身体障碍并不存在，一种非人性化的现象似乎正在发生。)”可知，以及“dehumanization”可推知本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家CarrieNugent及其团队通过计算机模8．推理判断题。根据第二段“Whilekiloffthedinosaurs66millionyearsago,Nugentsaysasimilarsituthefuture.(虽然致命的小行星以前但Nugent表示，未来预计不会发生类似的情况)”可推知，Nugent认为未来不太可能发生类9．词句猜测题。根据第三段“Usingacomputerprograofasteroidssimilartorealnear-Earthobjects(NEOs).TheyfedtheminHorizons.Anyonecanusethatprogramtolookuppredictedlocationsforobjecsystem.Forthisproject,herteamdeterminedwhethereachmodeledasteroidwould球相撞)”及第四段“Thatallowedtheteamtoestimatethefrequencyofasteroids能够估算出直径超过140米（相当于一艘大型船只的大小）的小行星出现的频率)”可推知，C.Carbonmonoxidepoisoning(一氧化碳中毒)1in概率越小，事件发生的可能性越低，土狼袭击的概率为百万分之一，是四个选项中最小的，events.“Thetruthisactuallyentirelytheopposianasteroidthatwasn’tindangerofhittingEarth.Thetestchangedtheasteroid’spshowedthatpeoplemightbeasuchasskysurveys,thatlocatetheseobjects.(书籍和电影常常将小行星碰重要的)”可推知，作者写最后一段的目的是强调小行12．推理判断题。根据第二段“Likepasmachines,AIissettoreshapetheworkplacegreatly.(就像过去的机械织布机等改变世界13．细节理解题。根据第三段“Displacjobs,leadingtofallingwagesandsocialunrest.Witnessingtheseconsequences,Ricardo14．推理判断题。根据最后一段“ThehinotesthatAIhasattractedenormoustalents,similartothelate-1990sInternetboom,buthist—especiallytheIndustrialRevolution—showsthat“newmiraclemachinesdonotgua能吸引了大批人才，这与上世纪90年代末的互联网热潮15．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Withthoandbuildaninclusivefuture.(通过深思熟虑的政策，人工智能可以避免重20．根据前文thetime,effortandrelativeexpenseputintoitaresignificant（你所付诸的时间、查找同义词、近义词、反义词或表示同一类事物的词语等。其次是代词年代的词、地点/名称等专有名词等。尤其是在读不懂句子的情况下38题上一段末尾提到要介绍三种颜色选择，本段详细介绍第一种sm半句引出下文的两种方式。关键词：twomajorways和...and。根据上文“Makemeamuscle!”以frombodybuildingtomartialart据下文“jumpropesinthecornerandthesoundofkicksechoingthroughthegarage”可知“Hefilledourhomewiththeenergyof—jumpropesinthecornerandthesoundofB.students学生；C.assistants助手；D.volunteers志愿者。根据下 ,wheremyfathercoachedmybrotherandme”可知，父亲在车库里指导作者和哥哥，26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们家的车库就是家庭健身房，父亲在那里指导我和哥哥：我们不停地空踢，直到双腿酸痛，还戴着旧手套打拳。A.office办公室；C.study书房；D.kitchen厨房。根据下文“wheremyfathercoa27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们家的车库就是家庭健身房，父亲在那里指导我和哥哥：我们不停地空踢，直到双腿酸痛，还戴着旧手套打拳。A.recovered恢复；BC.moved移动；D.extended延伸。根据上文“wekickedtheairuntiloof因为；B.inspiteof尽管；C.incaseof万一；D.regardlessof不管。根据上文“Myfathertraiusequally”可知，父亲平等地训练作者和哥哥，说明他不管他们的体型或年龄29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那股力量C.trick诡计；D.gesture手势。根据上文“mybrotherthrewaquickpshowmy—blockingitjustintime.”可知，作者记住了要防御哥哥的攻击，说明父了。A.muscle肌肉；B.face脸；C.voice声音；D.heart心。根据上文“Makemeamus