2026年高考英语阅读理解专项：科普环保与前沿科技题材卷

2026年高考英语阅读理解专项：科普环保与前沿科技题材卷（考试时间：35分钟满分：40分）说明：本卷聚焦2026年高考英语阅读理解核心热点——科普环保与前沿科技题材，精选4篇语篇（3篇常规阅读+1篇七选五），严格遵循高考命题规律，侧重考查细节理解、推理判断、主旨大意、词义猜测等核心能力，语篇难度贴合高考真题，选材兼具时代性与科学性，助力考生专项突破。PartA常规阅读理解（共3篇，每篇4小题，每小题2分，满分24分）Passage1（科普环保·微塑料污染与治理）Microplastics,tinyplasticparticleslessthan5millimetersindiameter,havebecomeaglobalenvironmentalcrisis,invadingeverycorneroftheplanet—fromthedeepestoceanstothehighestmountainpeaks,andevenintothehumanbodythroughfood,waterandair.Unlikelargeplasticwaste,microplasticsarehardtodetectanddecompose,posinglong-termthreatstoecosystemsandhumanhealth.ArecentstudypublishedinEnvironmentalScience&Technologyrevealsthatmicroplasticshavebeenfoundin83%ofdrinkingwatersamplesworldwide,93%ofbottledwater,andeveninhumanbloodandplacentaltissue.Researcherswarnthatlong-termexposuretomicroplasticsmayleadtoinflammation,oxidativestress,andevendamagetovitalorgans,thoughthefullextentoftheirimpactonhumanhealthremainstobefurtherstudied.Toaddressthisproblem,scientistsaroundtheworldareexploringinnovativesolutions.AteamofChineseresearchershasdevelopedanewtypeofbiodegradablematerialthatcanbreakdownmicroplasticsinwaterwithin30days.Thismaterial,madefromnaturalpolysaccharidesandenzymes,caneffectivelydecomposemicroplasticsintoharmlesssubstanceslikewaterandcarbondioxide,withoutcausingsecondarypollution.Meanwhile,somecountrieshaveimplementedstrictpoliciestolimitsingle-useplastics,promoteplasticrecycling,andencouragetheuseofeco-friendlyalternatives.Individualscanalsoplayaroleinreducingmicroplasticpollution.Simpleactionslikeusingreusablebagsandwaterbottles,avoidingproductscontainingmicrobeads(suchassomefacialcleansers),andproperlysortingplasticwastecanhelpcutdownthereleaseofmicroplasticsintotheenvironment.Astheproblembecomesmoreprominent,globalcooperationandjointeffortsfromgovernments,scientists,andthepublicareessentialtotacklingthisinvisiblethreat.1.Whatcanwelearnaboutmicroplasticsfromthefirstparagraph?

A.Theyareeasytodetectanddecompose.

B.Theyaresmallerthan5millimetersinsize.

C.Theyonlyexistintheoceanandmountains.

D.Theyhavenoimpactonhumanhealth.2.WhatdoesthestudypublishedinEnvironmentalScience&Technologyshow?

A.Microplasticsareonlyfoundinbottledwater.

B.Microplasticshaveenteredhumanbodies.

C.Microplasticscanbedecomposedquickly.

D.Microplasticsareharmlesstohumans.3.WhatistheadvantageofthenewbiodegradablematerialdevelopedbyChineseresearchers?

A.Itcanbreakdownmicroplasticswithoutsecondarypollution.

B.Itismadefromnon-renewableresources.

C.Itcandecomposealltypesofplasticwaste.

D.Itischeaperthantraditionalmaterials.4.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardssolvingmicroplasticpollution?

A.Doubtful

B.Pessimistic

C.Optimistic

D.IndifferentPassage2（前沿科技·AI助力新材料研发）DeepMind,anAIinnovatorunderGoogle,hasmaderemarkableprogressinmaterialsscience,bringinganeweraofefficientmaterialsdiscovery.Moderntechnologieslikesmartphonesandplanesrelyonjust20,000inorganicmaterials,mostofwhichwerediscoveredthroughtraditionaltrial-and-errormethods—aprocessthatistime-consuming,costly,andofteninefficient.Thisyear,researchersfromDeepMindreportedanewartificialintelligencetoolnamedGNoME,whichhaspredictedthepropertiesof2.2millionnewmaterials.Unliketraditionalmethodsthattakeyearstotestasinglematerial,GNoMEcananalyzemassiveamountsofdatainashorttime,accuratelypredictingthestructureandperformanceofnewmaterials.Inacompanionstudy,anotherteamdemonstratedthattheseAI-predictedmaterialscanbeefficientlysynthesizedwiththehelpofAI,reducingthetimeandcostofmaterialdevelopmentbymorethan70%.ThedevelopmentofGNoMEisbasedonactivelearningAImodels,whichweretrainedusingdataon48,000knownandpredictedmaterialsfromDeepMind’sdatabaseandotherrelatedsources.Afterseveralroundsoftrainingandoptimization,theAImodelwasabletoidentifypotentialnewmaterialswithhighaccuracy,coveringfieldssuchasenergystorage,electronics,andenvironmentalprotection.Forexample,GNoMEhaspredictedseveralnewmaterialsthatcanbeusedinhigh-performancebatteries,whichcouldsignificantlyimprovetheefficiencyandlifespanofelectricvehicles.ExpertsbelievethatGNoME’sbreakthroughwillacceleratethepaceofmaterialsscienceresearch,enablingscientiststodevelopnewmaterialstoaddressglobalchallenges—suchasclimatechangeandenergyshortages.AsAIcontinuestointegratewithmaterialsscience,itwillnotonlyreducethecostandtimeofresearchbutalsounlocknewpossibilitiesfortechnologicalinnovation,changingthewaywedevelopandusematerialsinthefuture.5.Whatistheproblemwithtraditionalmethodsofdiscoveringinorganicmaterials?

A.Theyaretoofastandinefficient.

B.Theyaretime-consumingandcostly.

C.Theycanonlydiscoverafewmaterials.

D.TheyrelyonAItechnology.6.WhatisthefunctionofGNoME?

A.Itcansynthesizenewmaterialsdirectly.

B.Itcantesttheperformanceofexistingmaterials.

C.Itcanpredictthepropertiesofnewmaterials.

D.Itcanreplacetraditionalresearchmethods.7.HowwasGNoMEtrained?

A.Byusingdataonknownandpredictedmaterials.

B.Bytesting2.2millionnewmaterials.

C.Byrelyingontraditionaltrial-and-errormethods.

D.Byanalyzingdatafromelectricvehicles.8.WhatimpactwillGNoMEhaveonthefuture?

A.Itwillslowdownmaterialsscienceresearch.

B.Itwillhelpsolveglobalchallengeslikeclimatechange.

C.Itwillincreasethecostofmaterialdevelopment.

D.Itwillreplacescientistsinmaterialsresearch.Passage3（科普环保·农业新质生产力与低碳发展）In2026,theCentralGovernment’sNo.1Documentclearlyproposestodevelopnewagriculturalproductiveforcesaccordingtolocalconditions,promotetheintegrationofartificialintelligencewithagriculturaldevelopment,andexpandtheapplicationscenariosofdrones,theInternetofThings(IoT),androbots.Thisinitiativeaimstotransformtraditionalagricultureintosmart,low-carbonagriculture,achievingsustainabledevelopmentwhileensuringfoodsecurity.Smartagriculture,drivenbynewtechnologies,hasbroughtsignificantchangestoagriculturalproduction.DronesequippedwithAIandIoTsensorscanmonitorcropgrowthinrealtime,accuratelyapplyfertilizersandpesticides,andreducethewasteofresources.Forexample,inawheatfieldinHenanProvince,dronesareusedtospraypesticides,reducingpesticideuseby30%andimprovingworkefficiencyby50%comparedwithtraditionalmanualmethods.Meanwhile,IoTdevicescancollectdataonsoilmoisture,temperature,andnutrientcontent,enablingfarmerstoadjusttheirplantingstrategiesinatimelymanner,thusincreasingcropyieldsandreducingenvironmentalpollution.Low-carbonagricultureisanotherkeyfocusofagriculturaltransformation.Farmersareencouragedtoadopteco-friendlypracticessuchascroprotation,organicfertilization,andstrawrecycling.Thesepracticesnotonlyimprovesoilqualitybutalsoreducecarbonemissions.Forinstance,strawrecyclingcanturnagriculturalwasteintoorganicfertilizer,reducingtheuseofchemicalfertilizersandcuttingcarbonemissionsby20%perhectare.Inaddition,thedevelopmentofagriculturalcarbontradingmarketsallowsfarmerstogaineconomicbenefitsfromreducingcarbonemissions,furtherpromotingthedevelopmentoflow-carbonagriculture.TheintegrationofAIandagriculturenotonlyimprovesproductionefficiencybutalsohelpsaddressenvironmentalchallenges.Bycombiningtechnologywitheco-friendlypractices,China’sagricultureismovingtowardsamoresustainableandlow-carbonfuture,settinganexampleforglobalagriculturaldevelopment.Asnewagriculturalproductiveforcescontinuetodevelop,theywillplayanimportantroleinensuringfoodsecurity,protectingtheenvironment,andpromotingruralrevitalization.9.WhatisthepurposeofintegratingAIwithagriculturaldevelopment?

A.Toincreasetheuseofchemicalfertilizers.

B.Totransformtraditionalagricultureintosmart,low-carbonagriculture.

C.Toreducecropyieldsandimproveenvironmentalpollution.

D.Toreplacefarmersinagriculturalproduction.10.Howdodronesbenefitagriculturalproduction?

A.Theyincreasepesticideuseandworkefficiency.

B.Theymonitorcropgrowthandreduceresourcewaste.

C.Theycollectdataonsoilmoistureandtemperature.

D.Theyturnagriculturalwasteintoorganicfertilizer.11.Whatistheadvantageofstrawrecyclinginagriculture?

A.Itincreaseschemicalfertilizeruse.

B.Itreducescarbonemissionsandimprovessoilquality.

C.Itdecreasescropyields.

D.Itrequiresalotofmanualwork.12.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?

A.China’ssmartagricultureisnotsuitableforothercountries.

B.Newagriculturalproductiveforceswillpromoteruralrevitalization.

C.AIwillreplacealltraditionalagriculturalpractices.

D.Low-carbonagriculturehasnoeconomicbenefits.PartB七选五（共5小题，每小题2分，满分16分）Passage4（前沿科技·AI气象预测与可持续发展）Weatherpredictionhasalwaysbeenacrucialtaskforhumansociety,affectingagriculture,transportation,andpeople’sdailylives.Fordecades,weatherpredictionhasreliedonlargesupercomputer-drivenmodels,whichareaccuratebutcostlyandtime-consuming.However,withthedevelopmentofartificialintelligence,aneweraofweatherpredictionhasarrived.____33____DeepMind,thesameAIinnovatorthatmadebreakthroughsinmaterialsscience,recentlydevelopedanAImodelthatcanpredicttheweatherasaccuratelyaslargesupercomputer-drivenmodels.ThisAImodelusesmachinelearningtoanalyzemassiveamountsofweatherdata,includingtemperature,humidity,windspeed,andairpressure,andcanmakeaccuratepredictionsinafractionofthetimeittakesfortraditionalmodels.____34____Traditionalsupercomputermodelsrequirehugeamountsofcomputingpowerandenergy,consumingthousandsofkilowattsofelectricityeveryday.Incontrast,theAIweathermodeldevelopedbyDeepMindconsumesonly1/100oftheenergyoftraditionalmodels,makingitmoreenergy-efficientandenvironmentallyfriendly.Thisisparticularlyimportantinthecontextofglobaleffortstoreducecarbonemissionsandachievesustainabledevelopment.____35____Forexample,inareaspronetonaturaldisasterssuchastyphoonsandfloods,accurateandtimelyweatherpredictionscanhelppeopleevacuateinadvance,reducepropertylosses,andsavelives.Inagriculture,AIweatherpredictioncanhelpfarmersadjusttheirplantingandharvestingplansaccordingtofutureweatherconditions,improvingcropyieldsandreducinglossescausedbyextremeweather.____36____TheAImodelcanlearnfromnewweatherdataandcontinuouslyimproveitspredictionaccuracy.Overtime,itcanadapttochangingclimatepatterns,makingitmorereliablethantraditionalmodelsthatrelyonfixedalgorithms.Thisadaptabilityiscrucialinthefaceofglobalclimatechange,whichiscausingmorefrequentandextremeweatherevents.____37____AsAItechnologycontinuestoadvance,wecanexpectmoreaccurate,efficient,andenvironmentallyfriendlyweatherpredictionsystems,whichwillplayanincreasinglyimportantroleinpromotingsustainabledevelopmentandprotectinghumansocietyfromtheimpactsofextremeweather.A.TheAIweathermodelismoreenergy-efficientthantraditionalmodels.

B.AIweatherpredictionhasawiderangeofpracticalapplications.

C.AItechnologyisrevolutionizingweatherprediction.

D.ThefutureofAIweatherpredictionispromising.

E.TheAIweathermodelhasstrongadaptability.

F.Traditionalweatherpredictionmodelsareoutdated.

G.AIweatherpredictionismoreaccuratethanhumanpredictions.参考答案与详细解析PartA常规阅读理解Passage1（微塑料污染与治理）1.B细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“Microplastics,tinyplasticparticleslessthan5millimetersindiameter”可知，微塑料是直径小于5毫米的塑料颗粒，故选B。A项与第一段“hardtodetectanddecompose”矛盾；C项“only”表述错误，微塑料遍布全球各个角落；D项与第二段“posinglong-termthreatstoecosystemsandhumanhealth”矛盾。2.B细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“microplasticshavebeenfoundin...humanbloodandplacentaltissue”可知，微塑料已经进入人体，故选B。A项“only”表述错误，微塑料也存在于饮用水中；C项与第一段“hardtodecompose”矛盾；D项与第二段“mayleadtoinflammation...damagetovitalorgans”矛盾。3.A细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Thismaterial...caneffectivelydecomposemicroplasticsintoharmlesssubstances...withoutcausingsecondarypollution”可知，中国研究人员研发的可降解材料可分解微塑料且不产生二次污染，故选A。B项“non-renewableresources”未提及；C项“alltypesofplasticwaste”表述绝对；D项“cheaper”未提及。4.C观点态度题。根据第三段科学家研发解决方案、各国出台政策，以及第四段个人可采取行动、全球合作可解决问题可知，作者对解决微塑料污染持乐观态度，故选C。Passage2（AI助力新材料研发）5.B细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“traditionaltrial-and-errormethods—aprocessthatistime-consuming,costly,andofteninefficient”可知，传统材料发现方法耗时、成本高，故选B。A项“toofast”与原文“time-consuming”矛盾；C项“onlyafewmaterials”未提及；D项“relyonAI”表述错误，传统方法不依赖AI。6.C细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“GNoME,whichhaspredictedthepropertiesof2.2millionnewmaterials”可知，GNoME的功能是预测新材料的特性，故选C。A项“synthesizenewmaterialsdirectly”错误，原文是“AI-predictedmaterialscanbeefficientlysynthesizedwiththehelpofAI”；B项“testexistingmaterials”未提及；D项“replacetraditionalmethods”表述绝对。7.A细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“ThedevelopmentofGNoMEisbasedonactivelearningAImodels,whichweretrainedusingdataon48,000knownandpredictedmaterials”可知，GNoME是通过已知和预测材料的数据进行训练的，故选A。B项“testing2.2millionnewmaterials”错误，是预测而非测试；C项“traditionaltrial-and-errormethods”错误；D项“electricvehiclesdata”未提及。8.B细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“GNoME’sbreakthroughwillaccelerate...enablingscientiststodevelopnewmaterialstoaddressglobalchallenges—suchasclimatechangeandenergyshortages”可知，GNoME将帮助解决气候变化等全球挑战，故选B。A项“slowdown”与原文“accelerate”矛盾；C项“increasethecost”与原文“reducingthetimeandcost”矛盾；D项“replacescientists”表述绝对。Passage3（农业新质生产力与低碳发展）9.B细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Thisinitiativeaimstotransformtraditionalagricultureintosmart,low-carbonagriculture”可知，AI与农业融合的目的是将传统农业转变为智能低碳农业，故选B。A项“increasechemicalfertilizers”与原文“reducetheuseofchemicalfertilizers”矛盾；C项“reducecropyields”与原文“increasingcropyields”矛盾；D项“replacefarmers”表述绝对。10.B细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Drones...canmonitorcropgrowthinrealtime,accuratelyapplyfertilizersandpesticides,andreducethewasteofres