美国音乐分类

AmericanmusicMusicMusicismorethanjustsound---itisawayofthinking!Whenwelistentomusic,singanddance,orplayaninstrument,wearealsobecomingbetterthinkers.Musicintelligenceisoneofoureighthumanintelligences.Wecanlearnlanguagefromsongsandchants咏唱.Somepeoplestudybetterwithmusicon!StylesofAmericanMusic

JazzR&BRockandrollHiphop/rapCountrymusicLightmusicClassicalMusicClassicalMusic古典乐MedievalPeriod中世纪时期(1450年前)Majorinpoetry主要以诗篇为主Baroque巴洛克时期(约为公元1600—1750)Fantasia,overture幻想曲、序曲Classical古典主义时期(约公元1750—1820)Sonata奏鸣曲Romanticism浪漫主义时期(约为公元1820—1900)Thisperiodofmusicpaymoreattentiontoexpressone'smentalstateandsubjectivefeelings,thenaturalsceneryoftheperformancealsoincreasinglyprominent,thecreationofethnicandfolkmusicontheuseofmoreattentionandfrequent.

这一时期的音乐更注重表达人的精神境界与主观感情，对自然景物的表现也愈加突出，创作上对民族和民间音乐的利用更加重视与频繁。LeonardBernstein

伦纳德·伯恩斯坦（1918～1990)Themostoutstandingmusiccommandmaster美国最杰出的音乐指挥大师Heisaconductor,composers,performerscollection,educators,theoristsintheartworldmasters,itsartisticattainments.Theinternationalpublicopinionthinks,“heleftblankisdifficulttofillthe”.他是一位集指挥家、作曲家、演奏家、教育家、理论家于一身的艺术大师，其艺术造诣举世推崇。国际舆论认为，“他所留下的空白是难以填补的”。RepresentativesJazz爵士乐

Jazzisastyleofmusicthatoriginatedatthebeginningofthe20thcenturyinAfricanAmericancommunitiesintheSouthernUnitedStatesfromaconfluence[’kɔnflu:əns]汇集ofAfricanandEuropeanmusictraditions.Fromitsearlydevelopmentuntilthepresent,jazzhasincorporatedmusicfrom19thand20thcenturyAmericanpopularmusic.

ElementsofJazzCommoninstrumentsusedinjazzmusicaretrumpet,piano,andsaxophone.Jazzisveryhardtodescribebecausetherearenowmanydifferentstylesofjazz.Improvisation[ɪm,prɔvɪ’zeɪʃən]即兴创作

isakeyelement.Scat-singing拟声唱法

isalsocommon.RepresentativesB.BennyGoodman

古德曼BenjaminDavid"Benny"Goodman(May30,1909–June13,1986)wasanAmericanjazzandswingmusician,clarinetistandbandleader,knownasthe"KingofSwing".Inthemid-1930s,BennyGoodmanledoneofthemostpopularmusicalgroupsinAmerica.HisJanuary16,1938concertatCarnegieHallinNewYorkCityisdescribedbycriticBruceEderas"thesinglemostimportantjazzorpopularmusicconcertinhistory:jazz's'comingout'partytotheworldof'respectable'music."[2]Goodman'sbandslaunchedthecareersofmanymajornamesinjazz.Duringaneraofsegregationhealsoledoneofthefirstwell-knownintegratedjazzgroups.Goodmancontinuedtoperformtonearlytheendofhislife,whileexploringaninterestinclassicalmusic.EllaFitzgerald艾拉·费兹杰拉雅号艾拉夫人（LadyElla，即爵士乐第一夫人，英文FirstLadyofjazz），美国歌手，被公认为20世纪最重要的爵士乐歌手之一，与比莉·霍利戴（BillieHoliday）和莎拉·沃恩（SarahVaughan）齐名。凭借著横跨三个八度音阶的歌喉，她以纯洁的音色、近乎完美无缺的分节和音准著称。当中，她的拟声吟唱（scatsinging），更特显出像喇叭声一样的即兴表演的才华。她亦被普遍认为是《GreatAmericanSongbook》歌曲的最佳演绎者之一。艾拉曾赢得13个格莱美奖，并分别被前美国总统里根和乔治·H·W·布什颁赠国家艺术勋章和总统自由勋章。R&B

节奏蓝调

Likejazz,R&BwasalsodevelopedbyblacksinAmericabutitisnewerthanjazzandmorepopularamongyoungpeopleinternationally.R&Bsongsareoftenaboutoeofthreethings:beinginlovefallingoutoflovesexRhythmandBluesisthefulltranslationof“R&B”.Today,R&Bmusichasbecomethepronounofblackpopular,althoughitismoreofakindofdifferenceinRap,Soul,Urbansong(musicbythesituation)typesofspecialaudienceandrecordcirclesmentioned.R&B的全名是Rhythm&Blues，一般译作“节奏布鲁斯”(R&B)，时至今日，R&B已经成了黑人流行音乐的代名词，尽管它更多的是作为一种区别于说唱乐(Rap)、灵魂乐(Soul)、都市歌(Urban)的音乐种类被特殊的听众和唱片界人士提及。RepresentativesR.KellyR.KellyAmericanR&Bandrapmusicisthemostoutstandingsinger,songwriterandproducer,makinghimoneofthemusiccanalwaysverygoodmusicrapmusic,R&Bandsoulperfectconfluenceistogetherandcreatebeautifulmelody,thuscangetr.Kellyproducedalbumneverletthefans,andhehimselfsufferearor1990salbumsalesofthebestmalesinger.

R.Kelly是美国R&B和说唱音乐中最出色的歌手，制作人和词曲作者之一，由他制作的音乐总能很好的把说唱音乐，R&B音乐以及灵魂乐完美的融合在一起并创造出优美的旋律，因而能够得到R.Kelly制作的专辑决不会让歌迷的耳朵受罪，同时他本人还是90年代专辑销量最好的男歌手之一。MariahCarey

玛丽亚·凯莉Thebestsoul/R&Bsinger最佳灵魂乐/R&B女歌手Grammy格莱美音乐大奖R&Bsingerglobalsalesofthebest全球销量最佳R&B女歌手

RockandRoll

摇滚Rock&rollmusicisakindoftype,originatedinthe1940sand1950sendofearlyAmericanpop,quicklybecamepopularintheworld.Rockwithitsflexibleboldexpressionandpassionmusicrhythmexpressionofemotion,theyoungpeoplearoundtheworld.摇滚是一种音乐类型，起源于1940年代末期的美国，1950年代早期开始流行，迅速风靡全球。摇滚乐以其灵活大胆的表现形式和富有激情的音乐节奏表达情感，受到了全世界年轻人的喜爱。

RepresentativesElvisAronPresley:“lovemetender”“Heartbreakhotel”

猫王

BillHaleywascalledthefatherofrock,founderoftherock.BillHaley被称为摇滚乐之父，也是摇滚乐的创始人。heavymetal

重金属

coryphaeus[,kɔri’fiəs]

主唱者guitar吉他

drum-set架子鼓

keyboard键盘

bass

贝斯Passion激情Crazy疯狂Hiphop/rap

说唱乐Hiphopis20yearsago-theAmericanstreetbeganablackculture,alsoreferringtorap.Hiphop-fourcultureincludesrhythmexpressiontospeak),(rhyme,playinganddancingstreet,crowturntableskillart.Sohiphoprapjustakindofculture-withotherelements,dance,clothing,lifeattitudetoconstituteacompletehiphop-text.Hip-hop是20多年前始于美国街头的一种黑人文化，也泛指说唱乐。Hip-hop文化的四种表现方式包括有节奏（押韵地说话）、街舞、玩唱片及唱盘技巧、涂鸦艺术。因此说唱只是hip-hop文化中的一种元素，要加上其它舞蹈、服饰、生活态度等才构成完整的hip-hop文化。

Jay-ZRapgodfather（说唱界教父）RealName（本名）ShawnCoreyCarterAmericanhip-hopmusicartist,entrepreneur.InApril2008withBeyoncemarriage.MostNBAplayersarelisteningtosongsofJAY–Z美国嘻哈音乐艺术家、企业家，于在2008年4月4日与碧昂丝结婚。NBA大部分球员都是听着JAY-Z的歌长大的RepresentativesThefourelementsofhip-hopRappingBreakdancingDJ-ingGraffitiArtCountrymusic

乡村音乐Countrymusicisakindofcontemporarypopmusic,originatedinthesouthernUnitedStatesandAppalachiamountains.Countrymusicisrootedinthe1920sfromthetraditionalfolkmusic,integratedwithGospelmusic福音音乐,Celticmusicandclassicalmusic.Themelodyofcountrymusicisgenerallyverysmooth,beautifulandthephrasingstructurealsoissimple.Commonthemes:lifeinruralAmerica,love,crime,andprisonlife.CountryMusicInstrumentsCommoninstrumentsusedincountrymusicincludethefiddle(violin),banjo[’bændʒəʊ]班卓琴/五弦琴,andslide-guitar滑棒