高考英语分类题库考点4 语法填空

PAGE1-温馨提示：此题库为Word版，请按住Ctrl，滑动鼠标滚轴，调节合适的观看比例，关闭Word文档返回原板块。考点4语法填空(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)话题:中国嫦娥四号无人探测器月背成功着陆词数:191难度:★★★Chinahasbecomethefirstcountrytolandaspacecraftonthefarsideofthemoon.TheunmannedChange-4probe(探测器)—thenamewasinspiredbyanancientChinesemoongoddess—61(touch)downlastweekintheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.Landingonthemoon’sfarsideis62(extreme)challenging.Becausethemoon’sbodyblocksdirectradiocommunicationwithaprobe,Chinafirsthadtoputasatelliteinorbitabovethemooninaspot63itcouldsendsignalstothespacecraftandtoEarth.Thefarsideofthemoonisofparticular64(interesting)toscientistsbecauseithasalotofdeepcraters(环形山),moreso65thefamiliarnearside.ChineseresearchershopetousetheinstrumentsonboardChange-466(find)andstudyareasoftheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.“Thisreallyexcitesscientists,”CarlePieters,ascientistatBrownUniversity,says,“becauseit67(mean)wehavethechancetoobtaininformationabouthowthemoon68(construct).”Dataaboutthemoon’scomposition,suchashow69iceandothertreasuresitcontains,couldhelpChinadecidewhether70(it)plansforafuturelunar(月球的)basearepractical.

【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了我国的嫦娥四号探月器在月背成功着陆并展开探索的壮举。61.【解析】touched。考查时态。根据句子结构,“thenamewasinspiredbyanancientChinesemoongoddess”部分是对探月器名称的解释,可以看作是插入成分。故可判断出空格处是谓语动词。再根据句中的时间状语lastweek可知此处用一般过去时。toucheddown降落,着陆。62.【解析】extremely。考查副词。修饰形容词challenging要用副词。故填extremely。63.【解析】where。考查定语从句。根据结构可知,空格后面是一个句子,而空格前是一个名词。结合句意可知,空格后的句子是定语从句。利用定语从句的知识,可判断出用关系副词where。64.【解析】interest。考查名词。科学家对月球背面尤其感兴趣。sth.beofinteresttosb.某物让某人感兴趣。65.【解析】than。考查连词。根据前面的more可知,此处考查连词than。more...than...比……多。“月球背面有很多深深的环形山,比我们熟悉的近侧更多。”66.【解析】tofind。考查动词不定式。根据句子结构可知,此空处是非谓语动词。结合句意可知,此处用不定式表示目的。67.【解析】means。考查时态和主谓一致。根据句子结构可知,此空处是谓语动词。本句引用了CarlePieters的话,结合句意可知空格处要用一般现在时。主语为it,谓语动词用第三人称单数。68.【解析】isconstructed。考查时态和语态。句意:月球是如何形成的。根据句意和句子结构可知,空格处要用一般现在时的被动语态。69.【解析】much。考查形容词。ice是不可数名词,故表达询问“多少冰”时用howmuchice。70.【解析】its。考查代词。根据结构可知空格处的词应是plans的定语,故需填形容词性物主代词its。(2020•全国Ⅱ卷)话题:中国春节习俗词数:204W难度:★★★DecoratingwithPlants,FruitsandFlowersforChineseNewYearChineseNewYearisa61.(celebrate)markingtheendofthewinterseasonandthebeginningofspring.Thisiswhydecoratingwithplants,fruitsandflowers62.(carry)specialsignificance.Theyrepresenttheearth63.(come)backtolifeandbestwishesfornewbeginnings.

Thesearesomeofthemostpopularinmanypartsofthecountry:Oranges:Orangetreesaremore64.decoration;theyareasymbolofgoodfortuneandwealth.Theymakegreatgiftsandyouseethemmanytimes65.(decorate)withredenvelopesandmessagesofgoodfortune.

Bamboo:Chineselovetheir“LuckyBamboo”plantsandyouwillseethemoftenintheirhomesandoffices.66.(certain)duringtheholidayperiod,thisplantisamust.Bambooplantsareassociated67.health,abundanceandahappyhome.Theyareeasy68.(care)forandmakegreatpresents.

BranchesofPlumBlossom(梅花):The69.(beauty)longbranchescoveredwithpink-coloredbuds(蓓蕾)makefantasticdecorations.Theplumtreesare70.firsttoflowerevenasthesnowismelting(融化).Theyrepresentthepromiseofspringandarenewaloflife.

【文章大意】本文介绍了中国许多地区在春节期间用橘树、竹子和梅花枝条装饰家居的传统风俗以及它们的寓意。61.【解析】celebration。考查词性转换。根据空前面的不定冠词a可知此处需要名词,空后面的现在分词短语作定语修饰名词celebration。62.【解析】carries。考查主谓一致和时态。此处why引导表语从句,表语从句中主语是decoratingwithplants,fruitsandflowers,填空处作谓语。因为文章介绍的是中国现在仍然流行的一些习俗,所以用一般现在时。单个动词的-ing形式作主语,谓语用单数形式,所以填carries。63.【解析】coming。考查非谓语动词。represent表示“代表”,后面接动词的-ing形式作宾语,此处指它们代表大地复苏以及对新的开始的美好祝愿。64.【解析】than。考查固定搭配。morethan在此处表示“不仅仅”。句意:橘树不仅仅是装饰;它们是好运和财富的象征。65.【解析】decorated。考查非谓语动词。此处是“see+宾语+宾语补足语”结构。them作see的宾语,指代橘树,和decorate之间是被动关系,所以用过去分词decorated作宾语补足语。66.【解析】Certainly。考查词性转换。此处副词位于句首修饰整个句子。67.【解析】with。考查介词。beassociatedwith是固定搭配,表示“和……有联系”。68.【解析】tocare。考查非谓语动词。“主语(具体的人或物)+be+形容词+动词不定式”是一个固定句型,表示主语的特征,其中动词不定式只能用主动形式。此句型可以转换成it(形式主语)+be+形容词+动词不定式。69.【解析】beautiful。考查词性转换。此处需要形容词和long并列修饰后面的名词branches。70.【解析】the。考查冠词。thefirst第一个人或事物。此处指梅花是第一个开花的。【难句剖析】Thebeautifullongbranchescoveredwithpink-coloredbudsmakefantasticdecorations.分析:此句中coveredwithpink-coloredbuds是过去分词短语作定语,修饰branches。make在此处表示“成为”。翻译:满是粉红色蓓蕾的、漂亮的长枝成为极好的装饰品。(2020•全国Ⅲ卷)话题:自然词数:234W难度:★★★InancientChinalivedanartist61paintingswerealmostlifelike.Theartist’sreputationhadmadehimproud.Onedaytheemperorwantedtogethisportrait(画像)donesohecalledallgreatartiststocomeandpresenttheir62(fine)work,sothathecouldchoosethebest.Theartistwassurehewould63(choose),butwhenhepresentedhismasterpiecetotheemperor’schiefminister,theoldmanlaughed.ThewiseoldmantoldhimtotraveltotheLiRiver—perhapshecouldlearnalittlefromthegreatestartistintheworld.

Filledwith64(curious),theartistpackedhisbagsandleft.65heaskedthevillagersonthebanksoftheriverwherehecouldfindthelegendary(传奇的)artist,theysmiledand66(point)downtheriver.Thenextmorninghehiredaboatandsetout67(find)thewell-knownpainter.Asthesmallboatmoved68(gentle)alongtheriverhewasleftspeechlessbythemountainsbeingsilentlyreflectedinthewater.Hepassedmilkywhitewaterfallsandmountainsinmanyshadesofblue.Andwhenhesawthemistsrisingfromtheriverandthesoftclouds69(surround)themountaintops,hewasreducedtotears.Theartistwasfinallyhumbled(谦卑)bythegreatestartist70earth,MotherNature.

【文章大意】在古老的中国,有一个自认为画技超群的画家,认为自己的作品一定会被皇帝看中,最后他才发现,还有比自己技艺更高的存在——大自然。从中我们也应该知道,做人应该谦虚,虚心向他人学习。61.【解析】whose。考查定语从句。空格前后是两个独立的句子,缺少连接词,根据后面的paintings可知,我们需要填进去的词应该和paintings构成所属关系,填whose。【易错误区】whoseorwhich。(1)误导原因:很容易在此处填which,找不到二者区别。(2)去伪存真:which引导定语从句时,在从句中作主语或宾语,不作定语,不能填which。62.【解析】finest。考查形容词最高级。空格中的词修饰的是work,根据后文中thebest可知应填fine的最高级finest。63.【解析】bechosen。考查语态。根据文章意思,此处应该是被动语态,而且前面有情态动词would其后应用动词原形,填bechosen。64.【解析】curiosity。考查名词。空格处是with的宾语,要用名词形式,curious的名词形式是curiosity。【易错误区】curiosity还是curiousity(1)误导原因:根据空格给出的curious很容易就把单词拼成了curiousity,单词的拼写要正确。(2)去伪存真:正确拼写curiosity。65.【解析】When/As。考查状语从句。这是一个主从复合句,逗号前面是时间状语从句,句子大概意思是:当他问村民的时候,他们指向江边,应该用When或As引导。66.【解析】pointed。考查复合句。and连接两个谓语动词,空格处的动词形式应和前文中的smiled一致,填pointed。67.【解析】tofind。考查非谓语动词。setout开始,着手,出发。表达的是主语的目的和行为,应填todo不定式,即tofind。68.【解析】gently。考查副词,空格处修饰的是前面的动词moved,应用副词gently。【易错误区】gently易拼错。(1)误导原因:gently易写成gentily。(2)去伪存真:正确拼写gently。以le结尾的形容词变副词,将结尾e变为y。69.【解析】surrounding。考查复合句,同66题,根据and可知前后为两个非谓语动词并列,与rising一致,即surrounding。70.【解析】on。考查介词,根据后文earth及语义搭配,填on。【难句剖析】原文:Onedaytheemperorwantedtogethisportraitdonesohecalledallgreatartiststocomeandpresenttheirfinestwork,sothathecouldchoosethebest.分析:本句是一个并列句,由so连接两个并列分句组成,后一分句sothathecouldchoosethebest是一个目的状语从句。翻译:一天,皇帝想完成他的画像,所以他召集所有伟大的艺术家前来展示他们最好的作品,以便他可以选择最好的。(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)话题:博物馆说明文词数:237难度:★★★Manypeoplehavethehobbyofcollectingthings,e.g.stamps,postcardsorantiques.Inthe18thand19thcenturies,36(wealth)peopletravelledandcollectedplants,historicalobjectsandworksofart.Theykepttheircollectionathomeuntilitgottoobig37untiltheydied,andthenitwasgiventoamuseum.The80,000objectscollectedbySirHansSloane,forexample,38(form)thecorecollectionoftheBritishMuseum39openedin1759.

Thepartsofamuseumopentothepublic40(call)galleriesorrooms.Often,onlyasmallpartofamuseum’scollection41(be)ondisplay.Mostofitisstoredawayorusedforresearch.

Manymuseumsarelivelyplacesandtheyattractalotofvisitors.Aswellaslookingatexhibits,visitorscanplaywithcomputersimulations(模拟)andimagine42(they)livingatadifferenttimeinhistoryor43(walk)througharainforest.AttheJorvikCentreinYork,thecity’sVikingsettlementisrecreated,andpeopleexperiencethesights,soundsandsmellsoftheoldtown.Historical44(accurate)isimportantbutsoisentertainment.Museumsmustcompete45people’ssparetimeandmoneywithotheramusements.Mostmuseumsalsowelcomeschoolgroupsandarrangespecialactivitiesforchildren.

【文章大意】文章介绍了博物馆的藏品的来源、功能以及为吸引游客所做的努力。36.【解析】wealthy。考查形容词。分析句子结构可知修饰名词主语people,要用形容词。37.【解析】or。考查并列连词。根据句意“他们把收藏品保存在家中直到收藏数量过大或者直到他们去世”可知填入表示选择关系的并列连词。38.【解析】formed。考查时态。根据句意“SirHansSloane收藏的8万件物品形成了大英博物馆的核心馆藏”和定语从句中的时间状语in1759可知要用一般过去时。39.【解析】which/that。考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知此处应填入定语从句的引导词,结合句意“于1759年开放”可知修饰前面的theBritishMuseum,且在定语从句中作主语,故用关系代词which/that。40.【解析】arecalled。考查被动语态。结合句意“博物馆对外开放的部分被称为展览馆或陈列室”和下文的时态可知主语theparts和谓语动词call之间为被动语态,故用一般现在时的被动语态。41.【解析】is。考查主谓一致。句子主语中心词为asmallpart,结合上下文的时态可知用一般现在时的单数形式。42.【解析】themselves。考查代词。根据句意“参观者们利用计算机模拟,想象着他们生活在历史上的不同时期或者行走在热带雨林”可知考查imaginesb.doingsth.的结构,故填入宾格的人称代词。43.【解析】walking。考查非谓语动词。结合句意和并列连词or可知此处的walking和前文的living是并列的结构。44.【解析】accuracy。考查名词。根据前面的形容词和后文的谓语动词is可知此处填入名词主语。45.【解析】for。考查介词。根据句意“为得到人们的空闲时间和钱,博物馆要和其他娱乐活动竞争”可知表示目的,故填入介词for。(2020•浙江高考)话题:农业的发展词数:204W难度:★★★Sometimeafter10,000BC,peoplemadethefirstrealattempttocontroltheworldtheylived56,throughagriculture.Overthousandsofyears,theybegantodependlesson57couldbehuntedorgatheredfromthewild,andmoreonanimalstheyhadraisedandcropstheyhadsown.

Farmingproducedmorefoodperperson58huntingandgathering,sopeoplewereabletoraisemorechildren.And,asmorechildrenwereborn,morefood59(need).Agriculturegavepeopletheirfirstexperienceofthepoweroftechnology60(change)lives.

Byabout6000BC,people61(discover)thebestcropstogrowandanimalstoraise.Later,theylearnedtoworkwiththe62(season),plantingattherighttimeand,indryareas,63(make)useofannualfloodstoirrigate(灌溉)theirfields.

Thisstyleoffarminglastedforquitealongtime.Then,with64riseofscience,changesbegan.Newmethods65(mean)thatfewerpeopleworkedinfarming.Inthelastcentury