北京市东城区高三下学期一模英语试题

北京市东城区学年度第二学期高三综合练习（一）英语本试卷共11页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Rebeccaremembersthefirsttimeshewasupsetbythesightofhundredsofroses.Itwasafteraweddingreceptionlastyearasshewascleaninguptheroom.“Nobodyhad____1____forwhattodowithalloftheflowersafterthewedding.Wecollectedasmanyaswecouldinourcars,butthereweresomanyleftover.Whenwewerethrowingalltheserosesintotrashbags,Ifelt____2____aboutthewaste,”saidRebecca.Latelastyear,RebeccaandherfriendLauraRuthbothweremourning(悼念)theirfatherswhentheybegantalkingabouttheflowersthattheyreceived.Theflowerswerea____3____,butmadethemthinkaboutthenationwideproblemoffloralwaste.Then,theystartedanonprofit,FriendlyCityFlorals,toreuseflowers____4____fromweddingsandfloralshopsinthearea.“We’veputthe____5____outeverywherethatifyouhavetoomanyflowersanddon’tknowwhattodowiththem,we’ll____6____themoffyourhands,”Rebeccasaid.Theynowdevoteseveraldaysaweektopickingupflowers,fresheninganddeliveringthemtoseniorcarehomes,hospitalsandschoolsintheirarea.Thedonatedflowersare____7____weleatthemunityRetirementCentre.“It’sa____8____waytogiveourresidentsjoyandpurpose.Seeingallthoseflowersinstantlybrightensuptheirday,”thecentre’smanagersaid.RebeccaandLauraarenotthefirstto____9____flowers:AVirginiadoctorcollectsflowersanddonatesthemtoherhospitalpatients.Butthepairhopetheidea____10____evenmorearoundthecountry.“Ifourflowersgiveonepersonafewmomentsofhappinessonadifficultday,thenit’sallworthwhile,”Rebeccasaid.1.A.paid B.applied C.hoped D.planned2.A.confused B.impatient C.terrible D.curious3.A.symbol B.fort C.reminder D.wonder4.A.purchased B.borrowed C.separated D.donated5.A.word B.signal C.effort D.task6.A.set B.take C.hold D.keep7.A.still B.already C.always D.even8.A.funny B.creative C.traditional D.formal9.A.exhibit B.preserve C.harvest D.repurpose10.A.catcheson B.esup C.runsoff D.standsout【答案】1.D2.C3.B4.D5.A6.B7.C8.B9.D10.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Rebecca和Laura创立非营利组织重新利用婚礼等剩余鲜花的故事。【1题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：没有人计划好婚礼后怎么处理这些花。A.paid支付；B.applied申请；C.hoped希望；D.planned计划。根据后文“forwhattodowithalloftheflowersafterthewedding”可知，没有人计划好婚礼后怎么处理花，故选D。【2题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我们把所有的玫瑰扔进垃圾袋时，我为这种浪费感到难过。A.confused困惑的；B.impatient不耐烦的；C.terrible糟糕的；D.curious好奇的。根据前文“Whenwewerethrowingalltheserosesintotrashbags”和后文“aboutthewaste”可知，作者为浪费感到难过。故选C。【3题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些花是一种安慰，但也让他们想到了全国性的花卉浪费问题。A.symbol象征；B.fort安慰；C.reminder提醒；D.wonder奇迹。根据上文“RebeccaandherfriendLauraRuthbothweremourning(悼念)theirfatherswhentheybegantalkingabouttheflowersthattheyreceived.”可知，这些花是在悼念父亲时收到的，是一种安慰。故选B。【4题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，他们创办了一个非营利组织FriendlyCityFlorals，重新利用当地婚礼和花店捐赠的鲜花。A.purchased购买；B.borrowed借来；C.separated分开；D.donated捐赠。根据后文“fromweddingsandfloralshopsinthearea”以及第7空前“Thedonatedflowers”可知，这些花是当地婚礼和花店捐赠的。故选D。【5题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们已经到处宣传，如果你有太多的花，不知道如何处理它们，我们会帮你处理。A.word话语；B.signal信号；C.effort努力；D.task任务。根据后文“outeverywherethatifyouhavetoomanyflowersanddon’tknowwhattodowiththem”可知，这里指到处宣传如何处理花，putthewordout表示“放出风声，宣传”。故选A。【6题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们已经到处宣传，如果你有太多的花，不知道如何处理它们，我们会帮你处理。A.set设置；B.take带走；C.hold持有；D.keep保持。根据后文“themoffyourhands”可知，这里指帮助处理花，takesth.offone’shands表示“替某人处理某事”。故选B。【7题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：捐赠的鲜花在社区退休中心总是很受欢迎。A.still仍然；B.already已经；C.always总是；D.even甚至。根据后文“Seeingallthoseflowersinstantlybrightensuptheirday”可知，捐赠的鲜花在社区退休中心总是很受欢迎。故选C。【8题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是一种让我们的居民感到快乐和有意义的创造性方式。A.funny有趣的；B.creative创造性的；C.traditional传统的；D.formal正式的。根据后文“waytogiveourresidentsjoyandpurpose”可知，把剩下或捐赠的鲜花送给居民是一种创造性的方式。故选B。【9题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Rebecca和Laura并不是第一个重新利用鲜花的人：弗吉尼亚州的一位医生收集鲜花并捐赠给她的医院病人。A.exhibit展览；B.preserve保存；C.harvest收获；D.repurpose重新利用。根据后文“AVirginiadoctorcollectsflowersanddonatesthemtoherhospitalpatients”可知，此处指重新利用鲜花。故选D。【10题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：但这对搭档希望这个想法能在全国范围内流行起来。A.catcheson变得流行；B.esup走近；C.runsoff逃跑；D.standsout突出。根据后文“evenmorearoundthecountry”指希望这个想法能在全国范围内流行起来。故选A。第二节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。Afteraweekendtrip,myfriendandI____11____(drive)homewhenabluecarsuddenlypulledupbesideusatastoplight.Awomanandherlittledaughedlytoldusshoeshadflown____12____ourcar!Werealizedourotherfriendmusthaveleftthemontheroof.Wethankedthemandwentbacktosearch,____13____wecouldn’tfindtheshoesuntilthesamecarreappeared!Thesekindstrangershadcircledback,____14____(spot)shoesandevenpickingthemupforus.Theirunexpectedefforttohelpusoutmadeourday.【答案】11.weredriving12.off13.but14.spotting【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和朋友在回家路上得到陌生人帮助找回鞋子的故事。【11题详解】考查动词时态。句意：周末旅行后，我和朋友正开车回家，这时一辆蓝色轿车突然在红绿灯旁停在我们旁边。这里是“doing...when...doing...when...”结构，意为“正在做……这时……”，根据语境可知事情发生在过去，所以用过去进行时，表示“我和朋友当时正在开车”，主语myfriendandI为复数，be动词用were。故填weredriving。【12题详解】考查副词。句意：一位女士和她的小女儿兴奋地告诉我们，鞋子从我们的车上飞出去了！flyoff是固定短语，意为“飞落；掉落”，这里表示鞋子从车上掉落下来，符合语境。故填off。【13题详解】考查连词。句意：我们谢过他们，然后回去找，但是直到那辆车再次出现我们才找到鞋子！“Wethankedthemandwentbacktosearch”和“wecouldn’tfindtheshoesuntilthesamecarreappeared”之间是转折关系，前面说去寻找，后面说没找到，直到那辆车再次出现，所以用连词but连接。故填but。【14题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这些善良的陌生人又绕了回来，发现了鞋子，甚至帮我们捡了起来。句子谓语动词是circledback，空格处填入非谓语动词和pickingup并列，作状语，动词spot与其逻辑主语Thesekindstrangers之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式。故填spotting。B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。Researchershavediscoveredthatdogscanidentifythevoicesofdifferentmembersoftheirhumanfamily.Theresearchteamtested31petdogs.Threehumancaretakersofeachdog____15____(ask)torecordtheirvoices.Thentheysatquietlyinfrontofthedogwhiletherecordingplayed.Thedogsusuallyapproached—oratleastspentmoretimelookingat—theperson____16____voicetheyheard.Expertshopetostudywhetherothermammalshavethisskill,sotheycanbetterunderstand____17____differentspecieslearntomunicatewitheachother.【答案】15.wereasked16.whose17.how【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了研究发现狗能识别主人声音及后续研究期望。【15题详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：每只狗的三位人类照顾者被要求录制他们的声音。结合前文的tested可知，此处表示过去发生的动作，且动词ask与主语Threehumancaretakers之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为复数，be动词用were。故填wereasked。【16题详解】考查定语从句。句意：这些狗通常会靠近——或者至少花更多时间看着——它们听到声音的那个人。空格处引导定语从句，修饰先行词theperson，且关系词在从句中作定语，修饰voice，应用关系代词whose。故填whose。【17题详解】考查宾语从句。句意：专家们希望研究其他哺乳动物是否也有这种技能，以便他们能更好地理解不同物种是如何学会相互交流的。空格处引导宾语从句，且从句中缺少方式状语，表示“如何”，应用连接副词how。故填how。C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。AIandlearninghaveapowerfulandcollaborativerelationship.AIactsasasmarttool,personalizinglessons____18____(match)eachstudent’spaceandneeds,whichmakeslearningmoreeffective.Italsosupportsteachersbyautomatingtaskslikegrading,allowingthemtofocusmoreoninstructionandstudentinteraction.However,itisimportanttouseAIresponsibly—itshouldplement,notreplace,theroleofteachersandstudents.Ensuring____19____(fair),privacy,andethicaluseisessential.When____20____(use)wisely,AIcantransformeducationforthebetter.【答案】18.tomatch19.fairness20.used【解析】【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了AI与学习的关系及其在教育中的合理应用。【18题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：人工智能充当一个智能工具，通过个性化课程来匹配每个学生的学习节奏和需求，这使得学习更加有效。此处需用动词不定式作目的状语，表示“为了匹配每个学生的学习节奏和需求”。故填tomatch。【19题详解】考查名词。句意：确保公平、隐私和道德使用是至关重要的。空处需用名词作动词Ensuring的宾语，fair的名词为fairness，表示“公平”，是不可数名词。故填fairness。【20题详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：当被明智地使用时，人工智能能够让教育变得更好。“When____(use)wisely”是when引导的时间状语从句的省略结构，完整形式为：Whenit(指AI)isusedwisely，省略了主语it和be动词is。故填used。第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ATheappstoreisfloodedwithastronomybasedappsthatcanhelpguideyoutowardscelestial(天体的)wonders.Butwhatifyou’rereadytolookdeeperintothenightskyusingatelescope?Nobodywantstomakeabiginvestment,andthenaimlesslyscanthestarstryingtofindanobject.Helpisneeded.Thankfully,thereisasolutiontothat.CelestarisaleaderintheworldoftelescopesanditsStarSmartExplorerappanddockhavebeendesignedtorunonitstelescopes.ThefreeStarSmartExplorerappusesinformationbasedonpreciselocationandtimetotellyouwhichstarsandplanetscanbeseeninthenightsky.HowitworksConnectthephonewiththetelescopeandselectyourintendedcelestialtarget.Thephonewillbeheldoveranintegratedmirror,sothatstarpatternscanreflectoffthemirrorandintothephone’scamera.StarSmartExplorerprocessestheinformationandyourtelescopewilladjustaccordingly,placingthetargetinthemiddle.Aswellaslocatingyourdesiredtarget,StarSmartExplorerholdsdetailedinformationaboutyourchosenobject.Listentoanaudiopresentationwhileyouobserve.Theappwillevengiveyouobservingtipsonhowtogetthebestview.Whyit’sspecialMostastronomyappsuseasmartphone’spasstoestimateitsposition.Thepointingaccuracyofasmartphonehasmarginforerror.Precisionmatterswhenitestostargazing.StarSmartExploreristheonlyastronomyapptousemodernplatesolvingtechnologytofinditstarget,anditclaimsatypicalpointingaccuracyof0.25°.Theapptakesapictureofthenightskyandmatchesthestarpatternwithintheimagetoitsinternaldatabase.It’ssimilar,inessence,tofacialrecognition.Platesolvingwouldnormallyrequirespecialisedtechnology,suchassensitiveimagingcamera,lensandastronomicalsoftware,allatgreatcost.TheStarSmartExplorerappisfreeandworkswellwithStarSmartExplorertelescopes,startingfrom£299.99.Ifyou’rereadytotakeadeeperdiveintoastronomy,Celestar’sStarSmartExplorertechnologywillmakeafinepanion.Youcandiscovermoreat.celestar/starsmart.21.StarSmartExplorercanhelp________.A.decideobservationduration B.locatestarspreciselyC.recordinformationonstars D.findunknownplanets22.StarSmartExplorerisuniquebecause________A.itmatchesdifferenttypesoftelescopesB.itusesasmartphone’sbuiltinpassC.itispoweredbyadvancedtechnologyD.itisequippedwiththelatestdatabase23.Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?A.Tointroduceasetofequipment. B.Topromoteastargazingproduct.C.Toremendascienceproject. D.Topresentanastronomicaldiscovery.【答案】21.B22.C23.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了Celestar的StarSmartExplorer应用程序及其功能。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“ThefreeStarSmartExplorerappusesinformationbasedonpreciselocationandtimetotellyouwhichstarsandplanetscanbeseeninthenightsky.(免费的StarSmartExplorer应用程序使用基于精确位置和时间的信息来告诉你哪些恒星和行星可以在夜空中看到)”以及第六段中“StarSmartExploreristheonlyastronomyapptousemodernplatesolvingtechnologytofinditstarget,anditclaimsatypicalpointingaccuracyof0.25°.(StarSmartExplorer是唯一一款使用现代板解技术来寻找目标的天文应用程序，它声称典型的指向精度为0.25°)”可知，StarSmartExplorer可以帮助精确地定位恒星。故选B。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据Whyit’sspecial标题下第二段“StarSmartExploreristheonlyastronomyapptousemodernplatesolvingtechnologytofinditstarget(StarSmartExplorer是唯一一款使用现代星图识别技术来找到目标的天文应用程序)”以及第三段“Platesolvingwouldnormallyrequirespecialisedtechnology,suchassensitiveimagingcamera,lensandastronomicalsoftware,allatgreatcost.TheStarSmartExplorerappisfreeandworkswellwithStarSmartExplorertelescopes(星图识别通常需要专业技术，如灵敏的成像相机、镜头和天文软件，所有这些都成本高昂。而StarSmartExplorer应用程序是免费的，并且与StarSmartExplorer望远镜配合得很好)”可知，StarSmartExplorer的独特之处在于它使用了先进的技术。故选C。【23题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Ifyou’rereadytotakeadeeperdiveintoastronomy,Celestar’sStarSmartExplorertechnologywillmakeafinepanion.Youcandiscovermoreat.celestar/starsmart.(如果你准备更深入地探索天文学，Celestar的StarSmartExplorer技术将是一个很好的伙伴。你可以在.celestar/starsmart上了解更多信息)”结合文章主要介绍了Celestar的StarSmartExplorer天文观测应用的特点和优势，可推知，这篇文章的目的是推广一款观星产品。故选B。BIwasinatinyplanewithskydiversintheir70sand80s,andIwasdistracted.Thereporterinmewastryingtoremembereverything:thepreflightrituals(仪式);thejokes;thewaythejumperscheckedtheirinstruments.Therestofmewasfocusedonthefactthatinafewminutes,Iwouldjumpoutofaplaneflying12,500feetabovetheground.IwasreportingonWestWays,agroupofskydiversintheirlate50stoearly90s.Thegroupwasstartedin1987byMs.Westandherhusband,andmembershavejumpedtogetheraboutonceamontheversince.ThisSunday,theywerecelebratingtheirholidayparty,whichincludedagiftexchangeanda28pointformationinfreefall.Aswereachedaltitude,Mr.Westwentoverthejumpformationoncemorebeforeleadingthegroupinacheerformyjump.Itwastime.Onebyonetheyjumped.Intheair,theygrabbedholdofoneanother,formingtheshapeofasnowflake.Thenitwasmyturn.Mr.Diazedgedmeforward.Itookadeepbreath.Andonthecountofthree,weleapedintofreefall.Ihadneverbeensoawareofmysenses:Ifeltthecoldairagainstmyfaceandthewindpushingbackmyarmsandlegs.Afterafewseconds,Iwasabletolookaround.Afterafewminutes,welanded.ThemembersofWestWayscheeredandclappedmeonthebackasItriedtocatchmybreath.Oversixhours,Iinterviewedthemastheydidtwomorejumps.(Istayedfirmlyontheground.)Iheardtalesaboutfirstkissesinfreefallandparachuting(跳伞)intoweddings.Whatstruckmewasn’raordinaryphysicalacplishment,buthowalongstanding,activemunityoffersawayforthoseinittoagegracefully.Idon’tknowwhetherI’llskydiveagain.ButIhopethatwhenI’m80,IcanregularlyexperienceasuspensionoftimewithpeopleI’veknownfordecades,beforeweparachutebackdowntoearth.24.WhatdoweknowaboutWestWays?A.Theymakejumpingaroutine.B.Theyarewelltrainedprofessionals.C.Theysetanagelimittonewmembers.D.Theyarefamousfortheirdivingpatterns.25.WhydidtheauthorjoinWestWaysthatday?A.Tocelebrateaholiday. B.Totryasport.C.Tocarefortheelderly. D.Tocoverastory.26.WhatimpressedtheauthormostaboutWestWays?ATheiroptimisticattitude. B.Theirlifelongbond.C.Theirphysicalachievements. D.Theirremarkableskills.【答案】24.A25.D26.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者参与跳伞并采访老年跳伞团体的经历，并感悟其成员间深厚情谊的故事。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Thegroupwasstartedin1987byMs.Westandherhusband,andmembershavejumpedtogetheraboutonceamontheversince.(这个团体是1987年由韦斯特女士和她的丈夫创立的，从那以后，成员们大约每月一起跳伞一次。)”可知，WestWays把跳伞作为了一种常规活动。故选A。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Thereporterinmewastryingtoremembereverything(我作为记者那部分自我努力记住一切)”以及第三段“IwasreportingonWestWays,agroupofskydiversintheirlate50stoearly90s.(我正在报道WestWays，一个由50多岁到90岁出头的跳伞者组成的团体。)”以及后文对跳伞活动的详细描述可知，作者那天加入WestWays是为了报道一个故事。故选D。26题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Whatstruckmewasn’raordinaryphysicalacplishment,buthowalongstanding,activemunityoffersawayforthoseinittoagegracefully.(让我印象深刻的不是他们非凡的身体成就，而是一个长期活跃的社区如何为其中的成员提供一种优雅老去的方式。)”以及最后一段中“ButIhopethatwhenI’m80,IcanregularlyexperienceasuspensionoftimewithpeopleI’veknownfordecades,beforeweparachutebackdowntoearth.(但我希望当我80岁的时候，我能经常和我认识了几十年的人一起体验时间的暂停，然后我们再跳伞回到地面。)”可知，作者最印象深刻的是WestWays成员之间那种终生的联系和情谊。故选B。CAnyonewithinsomniaknowstheimpatienceandfrustrationthatacpaniessleeplessness.Youlongforabuttonthatcouldinstantlydampenallthatmentalactivity.Theideaofamentalswitchisnotfarfetched.Mostneuroscientistsnowagreethatourwakefulnessiscoordinatedbyatinybundleofneurons(一小束神经元)knownasthe“locuscoeruleus”(LC),Latinfor“bluedot”.Itisaliteraldescription:theneuronsinthelocuscoeruleushavethebluecolourfromtheproductionofaparticularneurotransmitter,callednorepinephrine.Norepinephrineraisesthechancethataneuronwill“fire”withanelectriccurrent.Whentheybeeactive,cellsinthelocuscoeruleuspassbundlesofthisneurotransmitteralongtheirprojectionstootherregionsofthebrainenhancingthemunicationbetweentheneuronsinthatarea.Thereareslightdifferencesintheprocess.Dependingonthetypesofreceptorstheyhave,someneuronsaremoresensitivetosmalleramountsofnorepinephrine,whileothersonlyrespondtohigherthresholds.Thismeansthat,asthelocuscoeruleusactivityrises,itwillstarttoaffectsomebrainareasmorethanothers,whichcanhavedramaticeffectsonthingslikeourfocus,concentrationandcreativity.Giventhebluedot’srole,itmakessensethatitwouldbequietestatnightduringsleep.Itisnotentirelysilent,however,butfiresoccasionallyandrecentresearchbyAnitaLüthiattheUniversityofLausannesuggeststhatthisactivitymaydeterminethequalityofoursleeps.Acrossthenight,wealternatebetweendifferentsleepstages.Thereis“rapideyemovement”(REM)sleep,whichisassociatedwithvividdreamingandisthoughttobecrucialforprocessingandconsolidatingmemories.Muchofourrest,however,isspentinnonREM(NREM)sleep,duringwhichthebrainmayengageinadeepclean,clearingawaycellularwaste.Measuringbrainactivityindozingmice,AnitafoundNREMsleepwasassociatedwithtemporaryburstsoflocuscoeruleusactivityevery50seconds.Asaresult,theanimalwasmoresensitivetooutsidestimuli,likenoiseswithoutfullywaking.“It’sgeneratingthisstateofenhancedvigilance(警觉),”Anitasays.“Itreallygivesyouthisideathatwakefulnesscanbegradedinthebrain.”ThebeginningofREMsleepwasalmostalwaysassociatedwithlowlocuscoeruleusactivity.“ThattransitiontoREMsleephastobeverywellcontrolled,”saysAnita,“becauseinREMsleep,wehaveatonia.”That’sthetemporaryparalysis(麻痹)ofourbody,whichpreventsusfromphysicallyactingoutourdreams.Anitaemphasisesthatherexperimentswereconductedinmice,sowestillneedtoconfirmthatthebluedotplaysasimilarroleinhumansleep.Ifso,shesuspectsthatalteredlocuscoeruleusactivitycouldbeimplicatedinconditions—suchasanxiety—thatmaycontributetodisorderedsleep.Shefoundthatexposingherlaboratorymicetomildsourcesofstress—suchasknockingontheircage—raisedthebluedot’sactivityandincreasedtheirvigilancethroughoutthenight,resultinginfragmentedsleep.27.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”inParagraph2referto?A.Neurons. B.Electriccurrents.C.Projections. D.Neurotransmitters.28.Accordingtothepassage,whatistheroleoftheLC?A.Producingreceptors. B.Preservingcellsensitivity.C.Monitoringbrainactivity. D.Improvingneuralconnectivity.29.WhichofthefollowingmayAnitaLüthiagreewith?A.Thebluedotfiresregularlyatnight.B.StresshasanimpactontheLCactivity.C.LowLCactivitycanhelpcleancellularwaste.D.Atoniaresultsfromsuddenburstsofbrainactivity.30.Whatmightbeepoftheresearch?A.Gradingthewakefulnessofhumanbrains.B.Unlockingthemechanismofsleepdisorder.C.Assessingthefunctionofthebluedotonhumans.D.IdentifyingapproachestoalteringtheLCactivity.【答案】27.A28.D29.B30.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了蓝斑核在睡眠和觉醒中的作用及其相关研究。【27题详解】词句猜测题。根据第二段“Itisaliteraldescription:theneuronsinthelocuscoeruleushavethebluecolourfromtheproductionofaparticularneurotransmitter,callednorepinephrine.Norepinephrineraisesthechancethataneuronwill‘fire’withanelectriccurrent.Whentheybeeactive,cellsinthelocuscoeruleuspassbundlesofthisneurotransmitteralongtheirprojectionstootherregionsofthebrainenhancingthemunicationbetweentheneuronsinthatarea.(这是一个直白的描述：蓝斑核中的神经元因产生一种名为去甲肾上腺素的特殊神经递质而呈现蓝色。去甲肾上腺素增加了神经元通过电流“放电”的可能性。当它们变得活跃时，蓝斑核中的细胞会沿着它们的投射将这种神经递质束传递到大脑的其他区域，从而增强该区域神经元之间的交流)”可知，“they”指代的是前文中提到的“theneuronsinthelocuscoeruleus”，即“Neurons(神经元)”。故选A。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Whentheybeeactive,cellsinthelocuscoeruleuspassbundlesofthisneurotransmitteralongtheirprojectionstootherregionsofthebrainenhancingthemunicationbetweentheneuronsinthatarea.(当它们变得活跃时，蓝斑核中的细胞会沿着它们的突起将一束束这种神经递质传递到大脑的其他区域，增强该区域神经元之间的通信)”可知，蓝斑核（LC）的作用是改善神经连接，增强神经元之间的通信。故选D。【29题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Shefoundthatexposingherlaboratorymicetomildsourcesofstress—suchasknockingontheircage—raisedthebluedot’sactivityandincreasedtheirvigilancethroughoutthenight,resultinginfragmentedsleep.(她发现，让实验小鼠暴露于轻微的压力源下，比如敲它们的笼子，会提高蓝斑核的活动水平，并增加它们整晚的警觉性，导致睡眠碎片化)”可知，AnitaLüthi可能会同意B选项“压力对蓝斑核活动有影响”。故选B。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Anitaemphasisesthatherexperimentswereconductedinmice,sowestillneedtoconfirmthatthebluedotplaysasimilarroleinhumansleep.(Anita强调，她的实验是在小鼠身上进行的，所以我们仍然需要确认蓝斑核在人类睡眠中是否扮演类似的角色)”可知，下一步的研究可能是评估蓝斑核在人类身上的功能。故选C。DYearsaftermyarthistoryclass,Iaminsufferableatmuseums.“That’sdefinitelyaMatisse,”Isay.“YoucantelIbecauseofthebrushworkandtheuseofcolour.”SometimesitisnotaMatissebutoftentimesitis.Itisunsettlingtolearn,then,thatforallofmycarefullywonartappreciation,Iamindangerofbeingsurpassedbyaninsect.Inarecentstudy,honeybees—whosebrainsarethesizeofgrassseeds—wereshownPicassosandMonetspairedsidebyside.Belowtheprintsweretwosmallcontainers,onecontainingsugarwaterandtheothernothingatall.Whichtoenter?Beescouldn’tseeorsmellwhetheragivencontainerheldthetreatuntilthey’dalreadyflowninsideit.Buttheycouldletthemasterpiecesguidethem:forsomebees,therewardwasalwaysunderthePicasso,whilefortherestitwasundertheMonet.Overthecourseofmanytrials,thebeeslearnedtoflystraightforthecorrectcontainer.Indeed,theyevenperformedslightlybetterthanchancewhenfacedwithpairsofpaintingsthey’dneverseenbefore.Thebeeshadlearnedtodiscriminate,howevermodestly,betweenthetwoartists’styles.Tobesure,humansstillhavetheedge.LastyearateamofresearchersledbyLianeGaborafoundthatartstudentswereperfectlycapableofidentifyingwhichwellknownartistwasbehindwhichunknownpainting.CreativewritingstudentsweresimilarlyexcellentatspottinglittlereadpassagesbyHemingwayorDickens—askillIcanonlyassumenohoneybeehasyetdemonstrated.Evenmoreimpressively,though,thestudentscouldrecognizeasyetunseensamplesofeachother’swork,includingworkinentirelydifferentmediums.Creativewriterscouldidentifytheirfellowwriters’paintingsandsketches;paintershadaprettygoodideawho’dbroughtwhichpoemorclaypot.It’sclearwhatthebeesweredoing:pickingupandcategorizingplexvisualpatternsinthepairsofimages.Butrecognizingdifferencesacrossmediumsisaltogetherdifferent.Whetherwe’rewritingpoemsorbuildingsculptures,Gaboraargues,we’redoingsowiththesamemind:onethatstructuresinformationinthesameway,hasbeenshapedbythesameexperiences,andlongstoexpressthesameideas.Naturally,ourtechniquesandpreoccupationsinonedomainshould“out”usinanother.ButstillIwonder:Justwhataboutthesetechniquesandpreoccupationsdidthetrick?Theresearchersdidtheirbesttokeepsubjectmatterfromrulingthedaybyinstructing,forinstance,artistswhohappenedtobesurfersnottobringinartthatdepicted(描绘)surfing.Butwhatoflessobvioussubjectmatter—likeWesternlandscapes?Andwhatoftheobsessionsthateintoourworkunawares?Acorrelationalstudylikethisonewillnotanswerthesequestions.Perhapsmybiggestquestionhastodowithpeoplewhodon’tidentifyasartists,andhaven’tsettled—oratleastwouldclaimsoonapersonalstyle.Aretheircreationsalsoareflectionoftheirworldview?Itseemslikelythat,atleasttosomeextent,badartisallalike,whileonlygoodartisgoodinitsownway.31.Whydoestheauthormentionbees?A.Topresentanexample. B.Toputforwardatheory.C.Todrawoutaparison. D.Tohighlightaresearchfinding.32.Whydoestheauthorthinkhumansstillhavetheedge?A.Becausewecantransferourexperiences.B.Becausewecandiscriminatestyles.C.Becausewecancategorizepatterns.D.Becausewecanlearnfromtrials.33.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“out”inParagraph6probablymean?A.Assist. B.Trick. C.Beat. D.Expose.34Whatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.WillBeesBeatHumans?B.HowWillYouViewaView?C.WhyGoodArtWorksWonders?D.WhatMakesHemingwayHemingway?【答案】31.C32.A33.D34.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了蜜蜂识别画作与人类艺术鉴赏能力的对比及思考。【31题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Itisunsettlingtolearn,then,thatforallofmycarefullywonartappreciation,Iamindangerofbeingsurpassedbyaninsect.Inarecentstudy,honeybees—whosebrainsarethesizeofgrassseeds—wereshownPicassosandMonetspairedsidebyside.(然而，令人不安的是，尽管我精心培养了对艺术的鉴赏力，但我却有可能被一种昆虫超越。在最近的一项研究中，蜜蜂——它们的大脑只有草籽大小——被展示了毕加索和莫奈的画作，并排摆放在一起)”可知，作者提到蜜蜂是为了与人类进行艺术鉴赏能力的对比。故选C。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中“LastyearateamofresearchersledbyLianeGaborafoundthatartstudentswereperfectlycapableofidentifyingwhichwellknownartistwasbehindwhichunknownpainting.CreativewritingstudentsweresimilarlyexcellentatspottinglittlereadpassagesbyHemingwayorDickens—askillIcanonlyassumenohoneybeehasyetdemonstrated.(去年，由LianeGabora领导的一个研究小组发现，艺术专业的学生完全有能力分辨出哪幅画背后是哪位知名艺术家。创意写作专业的学生同样擅长发现海明威或狄更斯的小片段——我只能假设蜜蜂还没有表现出这种技能)”以及第五段“Evenmoreimpressively,though,thestudentscouldrecognizeasyetunseensamplesofeachother’swork,includingworkinentirelydifferentmediums.(然而，更令人印象深刻的是，学生们能够识别出彼此尚未见过的作品样本，包括完全不同媒介的作品)”可知，作者认为人类仍然有优势是因为人类能够转移经验，识别不同艺术家的风格和跨媒介的作品。其中，A选项“因为我们可以转移我们的经验”最全面地概括了这一点。故选A。【33题详解】词句猜测题。根据第六段中“Whetherwe’rewritingpoemsorbuildingsculptures,Gaboraargues,we’redoingsowiththesamemind:onethatstructuresinformationinthesameway,hasbeenshapedbythesameexperiences,andlongstoexpressthesameideas.Naturally,ourtechniquesandpreoccupationsinonedomainshould‘out’usinanother.(Gabora认为，无论我们是写诗还是建造雕塑，我们都是用同样的思维去做的：这种思维方式以同样的方式组织信息，受到同样的经验塑造，渴望表达同样的想法。自然而然地，我们在一个领域的技术和关注点应该会在另一个领域‘out’我们)”可知，此处out意为“暴露，揭示”，即我们在一个领域的技术和关注点会揭示我们在另一个领域的身份或特点。D选项“Expose(暴露)”与此意思相符。故选D。【34题详解】主旨大意题。文章通过讲述蜜蜂和人类在艺术方面的能力，重点强调了人类在艺术创作中独特的思维方式、经历等因素会体现在作品中，让作品具有独特的风格，就像海明威的作品具有海明威独特的风格一样。D选项“WhatMakesHemingwayHemingway?(是什么让海明威成为海明威？)”，可以引申为是什么让艺术家的作品具有独特风格，符合文章主旨。故选D。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Voicenotesareahighlydivisivemediumofmunication.Therearethose,likeme,whoenjoybothleavingandlisteningtothem;andthentherearethosewhodislikethemandfeelverystronglyabou