新编英语教程6unit4Aredlightforscofflaws

Unit4ARedLightforScofflaws

1/432/43Outline:I.(Para.1)Theproblem:millionsofAmericansarebreakingthelegalcodes.

ExamplesQuotationII.(Para.2-4)VarietiesofscofflawsPara.2Scofflawsaboundinamazingvariety.

ExamplesPara.3Themostimmediatelyandmeasurablydangerousscofflawryisthe_______________.ExamplesStatisticsPara.4Themostflagrantscofflawisthe________________.

ExamplesQuotationmostvisiblered-lightrunner3/43III.(Para.5-8)DangersofscofflawsPara.5Thefloutingofbasicrulesharmssocietybecausescofflawsshowno____________tothesocialrulesanddisplay______________forthefundamentalsoforder.Para.6Todayscofflawryispervasiveandrepresents_________________________________________.

ExamplePara.7Thescofflawryisnotonlyamatterofetiquette.Itmayleadto_____________________________.Examples

respectcontempttheelementarysocialdemoralizationviolentcrimes4/43Para.8ScofflawryatvariouslevelofsocietyshakesthefoundationofU.S.lawmorethanviolentcrimesdo.

ExamplesQuotations

differentlevels:governmentatmanylevels1.________________________2.________________________3.________________________IV.(Para.9)ConclusionThethesis:Scofflawryisextremely_________________andU.S.societymustdosomethingaboutit.policestatelegislaturestheAdministrationinWashingtoninfectiousordinarycitizens5/43Whatdotheymean?scofflaw,scofflawryn.taketo(l.7) litter-bugs(l.14) pot(l.17) joint(l.19) stitches(l.62) skirt(l.69) translation(l.83)Scoff+lawlike

peoplewholitterinpublicplacesmarijuana

cigarettecontainingmarijuanaonthewound

avoid

explanation6/43ScofflawisanouncoinedduringtheProhibitionerameaningapersonwhodrinksillegally.Itisacompoundofthewordsscoffandlaw,meaningonewhomocksorridiculesthelaw.Themeaninghassincebeenextendedtodescribeonewhofloutsanylaw,especiallythosewhicharedifficulttoenforce,andparticularlytrafficlaws.7/43TranslatethefollowingphrasesintoEnglish

违法者

随意对待乱扔垃圾骗税非法制造噪音机动车无序理所当然事情视觉垃圾垃圾场对…熟视无睹避人耳目乱穿马路人逃票者law-breaker takelibertieswithoutlawlitter taxcheatingillicitnoise motorizedanarchyamatterofcourse visualrubbishtrashdumps beblindtoduckoutofpublicsightjaywalkerfarebeater8/43TranslatethefollowingphrasesintoEnglish公害醉驾闯红灯违反交通规则对半机率个别现象生命危险社会道德败坏不文明行为遵法公民打法律擦边球执法不力作壁上观publicnuisance

drunkdrivingred-lightrunning trafficviolation50-50toss-up/chanceindividualinstancemortalperil socialdemoralizationincivility law-abidingcitizenskirtthelaw failtoenforcelawsitstill

9/43Canyoufindmoreusefulexpressions?10/43Findexpressionsaboutlaw,crimeorscofflawry,trafficviolationandcar.11/43Laws:law-and-orderlegalcodesrulesordinancesrulesoftheroadstatutes12/43Crimeandscofflawry:

dereliction outlaw trafficviolation law-breaker law-breaking culpritminorwrongmajorcrimeviolentcrimetransgressionnoncomplianceincivility不文明行为littertaxcheatingillicitnoisemotorizedanarchygraffitihooliganismpot-smokeruseofcocainejaywalkingspittingfarebeater13/43遵法

abidebythelawcomplywiththelawobservethelawobeythelawkeepthelaw14/43

Trafficviolationandcardoubleparking并排泊车drunkdrivingspeedingred-lightrunningrear-end追尾stopsignalsstoplight

high-beamlights远光灯windshield挡风玻璃taillights尾灯dump-truck自动卸货车stalledcar抛锚汽车15/43PartII.(Para.1)Theproblem:millionsofAmericansarebreakingthelegalcodes.

Thesisstatement:

…milliosofAmericans…,aretakingincreasinglibertieswiththelegalcodes.16/43PartIsynonymsletaloneillegalheedlesslynegligencenottomentionmuchlessillicitderelictionblithely17/43PartItakeliberties(aliberty)with:

behaveinaboldorimpolitewaytowards随意对待，放肆e.g.takelibertieswithone’shealthtakegreatlibertieswithgrammarThedirectoroftheplayhastakentoomanylibertieswiththeoriginalnovel.takethelibertytodosth.takethelibertyofsth.

e.g.Itookthelibertyofusingyourcomputerwhenyouareaway.

MayItakethelibertyofcallingyou?18/43PartItaketo:like;startdoingsth.asahabite.g.Hehastakentogettingupat6andgoingjogging.He’stakentodrinking.19/43PartIIvarietiesofscofflaws

Para.2Scofflawsaboundinamazingvariety.

ExamplesPara.3Themostimmediatelyandmeasurablydangerousscofflawryisthemostvisible.ExamplesStatisticaldataPara.4Themostflagrantscofflawisthered-lightrunner.

ExamplesQuotation20/43P2abound:v.beplentiful(l.11)e.g.Rumorsaboundastothereasonforhisresignation.Sarcasmaboundsin“FortressBesieged”.flurry:abundance,greatquantitypassaround:offer

flagrant:notoriousWhatdoes“hello,Everybody”mean?21/43P2coinedcompoundwordsthegraffiti-pronelitter-bugstwo-wheeledvehicleshigh-decibelportableradiosthebeer-soakedhooliganismmiddle-andupper-classlife22/43P3Whatisthemostimmediatelyandmeasurablydangerousscofflaws?Whatdangershavetheycaused?23/43P3beater:swindler,cheatermeasurably:greatlyaddupto:resultincolossal:verylargeopenhighway:broadhighway24/43P4flout:treatwithcontemptwane:declinerouletteRussianroulette

25/43PartIIIDangersofscofflawsPara.5Thefloutingofbasicrulesharmssocietybecausescofflawsshownorespecttothesocialrulesanddisplaycontemptforthefundamentalsoforder.Para.6Todayscofflawryispervasiveandrepresentstheelementarysocialdemoralization.ExamplePara.7Thescofflawryisnotonlyamatterofetiquette.Itmayleadtoviolentcrimes.ExamplesPara.8ScofflawryatvariouslevelofsocietyshakesthefoundationofU.S.lawmorethanviolentcrimesdo.ExamplesQuotations26/43P5Inwhatwayisred-lightrunningamoreseriousbreachofsocialorder?theyshownorespectforthesocialrulessocietycannothelpbeingharmedIdeaisdeepenedhere:Scofflawryisrelatedtosocialmorality.Payattentiontotheuseof“however”inthetext.Howdoesitcontributetothecoherenceofthetext?27/43P5instance:situatione.g.Heisrightaboutmostthings,butinthisinstance,Ithinkhewaswrong.inyourinstanceWhentheviolationbecomeshabitual,widespreadandincessant,agreatdealmorethanatrafficmanagementproblemisinvolved.?whenitdevelopedintoasocialhabit,itbecomesaproblemagreatdealmoreseriousthanameretrafficproblem.28/43P5leaveadeepdent:damage(metaphor)Ifhypocrisyisthetributethatvicepaystovirtue,thenfurtivenessisthetrueoutlaw’ssalutetotheforceoflaw-and-order.Wrongdoers,intheirdealingwiththevirtuous,actasiftheyarepersonofgoodrepute.Atruelawbreakerinconfrontingthepoliceforceactsstealthilyandtrytoconcealhiscrime.brazen:shameless,bold-facedwhatever,whatsoever:(emphasize)atall不论什么e.g.Thereisnodoubtwhatsoever.Ican’tseeanyonewhatsoever.29/43P6foralltheirdifferences:nomatterhowdifferenttheyareinformsofapiece:sametoeachothersymptomofelementarysocialdemoralization:indicationthatthesocietyhasbeendegradedmorallygovern:discipline30/43P6Whatpointdoesthewriterwanttomakewiththeexampleofchildren?Thescofflawspiritispervasiveandthelossofmoralityisevencultivatedinchildhood.31/43P7Whatpremonitiondoesthewritemakeinp.7and8?Scofflawryisnotamatterofbadmanners;itmaybemorepowerfulthanviolentcrimesinshakingthefoundationofU.Slaw.twowarnings:Scofflawrymayleadtoseriouscrimes.ScofflawryatvariouslevelofsocietyshakesthefoundationofU.S.law(morethanviolentcrimes).32/43P7prospect:futureviolentoutbreaks:violentactionsagainstthelawitems:examples,caseshurl:throwslug:slog,hithardwithfistbatter:hithardbolt:metalbartheHoustonFreewaysyndromelikeadisease(metaphor)33/43P8skirt:avoid;goaroundtheedgeofe.g.Apathskirtsaroundthevillage.Hisspeechskirtedaroundthemainissue.majorinstance:importantexampleexhilarating:excitingunwitting:unconscious34/43P8governmentatmanylevels:-police-statelegislatures-theAdministrationinWashingtonmandate:orderconstituents:voterssubvert:undermineenact:levypuny:verysmall,insignificanttrivialize:make…insignificanttransgression:law-breaking,violationofrules

35/43P8dramatize:make…moreobviousnullify:declarelegallyvoidrulings:(court)officialdecisionjustification:reasonsTranslation:scofflawryatthetop.?Thatmeans:AdministrationinWashingtonisthelaw-breakerinthehighestposition.36/43P8Isitappropriateforthewritetoendhisessaybypresentingevidenceofscofflawryatthetop?Ifthelaw-makersareignoringthelaw,howcantheordinarycitizensbeexpectedtoabidebythelaw.37/43IV.ConclusionP.9ScofflawryisextremelyinfectiousandU.S.societymustdosomethingaboutit.disquieting:disturbing,upsetting,annoyingterminal:fatal,approachingdeathe.g.terminalcancerterminallyillsitstill:donothingallow:tolerateindefinite:unchecked

38/43windshieldhood/bonnettrunk/bootsunroofheadlightindicatorsidelightrear-viewmirrordoorhandlelicenseplatebrakelightreversinglighttiresteeringwheeldashboardgearstickacceleratorclutchbrakehornCar39/43ExercisesIII.Translation1.Hecan’tevenaffordtorentaone-roomflat,letalonebuyavilla.Theeditorisnotentitledtotakelibertieswiththetextofaliterarywork.Undertheinfluenceofmyparents,Itooktoliteratureinmyteens.Mysisterhavingleftforcollege,herbedroomhasbeenconvertedintoastudy.Shortageoffundandlabourhasbeenplaguingthecompanyformanyyears.Shanghairanksasoneofthekeyinternationalnavigationcentersintheworld.Theincessantnoisefromtheconstructionsitekeptusawakeallnight.Astheotherpartyfailedtofulfilltheirobligationstimeandagain,theydecidedtonullif