吉首大学2025专升本英语专业真题及答案

吉首大学2025专升本英语专业练习题及答案一、词汇与语法（共30分，每题1分）1.Sheisnotonlygoodatpainting,______alsoexcellentinsinging.A.butB.andC.soD.or答案：A。“notonly...butalso...”是固定搭配，表示“不但……而且……”。2.Theprofessor,togetherwithhisstudents,______workinginthelaboratorynow.A.isB.areC.wasD.were答案：A。当主语后面跟有“togetherwith”等连接的词组时，谓语动词的单复数形式要与前面的主语保持一致，这里前面的主语是“theprofessor”，为第三人称单数，且时间是“now”，所以用“is”。3.Idon'tthinkitis______usefulbook.A.aB.anC.theD./答案：A。“useful”虽然是以元音字母开头，但发音是以辅音音素开头的，所以用不定冠词“a”，这里表示泛指一本有用的书。4.Thehouse______windowsfacesouthisourreadingroom.A.whoseB.whichC.thatD.ofwhich答案：A。“whose”引导定语从句，在从句中作定语，这里“whosewindows”表示房子的窗户。5.______hewasill,hestillwenttoschool.A.BecauseB.AlthoughC.SinceD.As答案：B。“Although”引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然，尽管”，这里说虽然他生病了，但还是去上学了。6.Theoldman______forthreeyears.A.hasdiedB.hasbeendeadC.diedD.wasdead答案：B。“forthreeyears”表示一段时间，“die”是短暂性动词，不能与时间段连用，要转化为“bedead”的状态，现在完成时“hasbeendead”表示从过去持续到现在的状态。7.You'dbetter______athomeand______yourhomework.A.tostay;doB.stay;doC.tostay;todoD.stay;todo答案：B。“You'dbetterdosth.”是固定用法，意为“你最好做某事”，and连接两个并列的动词短语，都用动词原形。8.Theboyis______togotoschool.A.enougholdB.oldenoughC.enoughyoungD.youngenough答案：B。“enough”修饰形容词或副词时要后置，“oldenoughtodosth.”表示“足够大可以做某事”。9.Thefilm______fortenminuteswhenIgottothecinema.A.hadbegunB.hadbeenonC.hasbegunD.hasbeenon答案：B。“begin”是短暂性动词，不能与时间段“fortenminutes”连用，要转化为“beon”的状态；“gotto”是过去时态，电影开始在我到达之前，是“过去的过去”，所以用过去完成时“hadbeenon”。10.Heaskedme______.A.ifIwillcometothepartyB.thatIwouldcometothepartyC.ifIwouldcometothepartyD.whetherwouldIcometotheparty答案：C。宾语从句要用陈述句语序，排除D；主句是一般过去时，从句要用相应的过去时态，排除A；“ask”后面一般用“if”或“whether”引导宾语从句，不用“that”，所以选C。11.Thiskindofmachine______inthisfactory.A.makesB.madeC.ismadeD.hasmade答案：C。“machine”和“make”之间是被动关系，即机器被制造，要用被动语态“be+过去分词”，这里陈述一般事实，用一般现在时的被动语态“ismade”。12.Thenumberofthestudentsinourclass______50.A.areB.isC.haveD.has答案：B。“thenumberof...”表示“……的数量”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，所以用“is”。13.______beautifulflowerstheyare!A.WhatB.WhataC.HowD.Howa答案：A。感叹句的结构有“What+(a/an)+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词+其他成分！”和“How+形容词/副词+其他成分！”，这里“flowers”是可数名词复数，所以用“What”引导感叹句。14.Weshouldpreventtheair______.A.frompollutingB.topolluteC.pollutingD.frombeingpolluted答案：D。“prevent...fromdoingsth.”表示“阻止……做某事”，“air”和“pollute”之间是被动关系，即空气被污染，所以用“frombeingpolluted”。15.Hehastwosons,______aredoctors.A.bothofwhomB.bothofthemC.allofwhomD.allofthem答案：A。这里是非限定性定语从句，要用关系代词“whom”引导，“twosons”是两者，用“both”，所以是“bothofwhom”。16.Thebookiswellworth______.A.readB.toreadC.readingD.beingread答案：C。“beworthdoingsth.”是固定用法，表示“值得做某事”，主动形式表示被动意义，所以用“reading”。17.I'mlookingforwardto______fromyou.A.hearB.hearingC.heardD.beheard答案：B。“lookforwardtodoingsth.”是固定短语，意为“期待做某事”，to是介词，后面接动词ing形式。18.Heis______manthatwealllikehim.A.sogoodaB.suchgoodaC.soagoodD.suchagood答案：D。“such+(a/an)+形容词+可数名词单数+that...”和“so+形容词/副词+that...”是固定结构，“such”修饰名词，“so”修饰形容词或副词，这里修饰“man”，用“suchagood”。19.Shesaidshe______totheGreatWallthenextweek.A.willgoB.wouldgoC.hasgoneD.hadgone答案：B。主句是一般过去时，从句表示将来的动作，要用过去将来时“would+动词原形”，所以选B。20.Themoreyouread,______youwillfeel.A.themoreinterestedB.themoreinterestingC.moreinterestedD.moreinteresting答案：A。“the+比较级，the+比较级”表示“越……，就越……”；“interested”用来形容人“感兴趣的”，“interesting”用来形容事物“有趣的”，这里说人感觉，用“themoreinterested”。21.Ihavenoidea______hewillcomeornot.A.ifB.whetherC.thatD.what答案：B。“whether...ornot”是固定用法，引导宾语从句，“if”不能和“ornot”连用，所以选B。22.Theteachertoldusthatlight______fasterthansound.A.traveledB.hadtraveledC.travelsD.wastraveling答案：C。当宾语从句表示客观真理、科学事实等时，无论主句是什么时态，从句都用一般现在时，“光比声音传播得快”是客观事实，所以用“travels”。23.Thequestionis______wecanfinishtheworkontime.A.ifB.thatC.whetherD.what答案：C。“if”不能引导表语从句，这里“whether”引导表语从句，表示“是否”，句子意思是问题是我们是否能按时完成工作。24.Thereis______intoday'snewspaper.A.somethingnewB.newsomethingC.anythingnewD.newanything答案：A。形容词修饰不定代词要后置，“something”一般用于肯定句，“anything”一般用于否定句或疑问句，这里是肯定句，用“somethingnew”。25.I'msorryIcan'thelp______thefloorbecauseI'mtoobusy.A.sweepB.tosweepC.sweepingD.swept答案：B。“help(to)dosth.”表示“帮助做某事”，这里说因为太忙不能帮忙扫地，用“tosweep”。26.Thegirl______redismysister.A.onB.inC.withD.at答案：B。“in+颜色”表示“穿着……颜色的衣服”，所以“inred”表示“穿着红色衣服”。27.______isnecessarytoprotectourenvironment.A.ThatB.ThisC.ItD.What答案：C。“Itis+形容词+todosth.”是固定句型，it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的“toprotectourenvironment”。28.He______inthisfactorysince1980.A.workedB.hasworkedC.isworkingD.willwork答案：B。“since1980”表示从过去持续到现在的时间段，要用现在完成时“has/have+过去分词”，主语是“He”，用“hasworked”。29.Theman______youmetjustnowismyuncle.A.whatB.whichC.whoD.whose答案：C。这里是定语从句，先行词是“theman”，指人，在从句中作宾语，用“who”引导。30.Thestudentsarebusy______fortheexam.A.prepareB.toprepareC.preparingD.prepared答案：C。“bebusydoingsth.”是固定用法，表示“忙于做某事”，所以用“preparing”。二、阅读理解（共40分，每题2分）Passage1IntheUnitedStates,30percentoftheadultpopulationhasa“weightproblem”.Tomanypeople,thecauseisobvious:theyeattoomuch.Butscientificevidencedoeslittletosupportthisidea.GoingbacktotheAmericaofthe1910s,wefindthatpeoplewerethinnerthantoday,yettheyatemorefood.Inthosedayspeopleworkedharderphysically,walkedmore,usedmachinesmuchless,anddidn'twatchtelevision.Severalmodernstudies,moreover,haveshownthatfatterpeopledonoteatmoreontheaveragethanthinnerpeople.Infact,someinvestigations,suchasa1979studyof3,545Londonofficeworkers,reportthat,onbalance,fatpeopleeatlessthanslimmerpeople.Studiesshowthatslimpeoplearemoreactivethanfatpeople.AstudybyaresearchgroupatStanfordUniversitySchoolofMedicinefoundthefollowinginterestingfact:Themorethemenran,thegreaterlossofbodyfat.Themoretheyran,thegreaterincreaseinfoodintake.Thus,thosewhorunthemosteatthemost,yetlosethegreatestamountofbodyfat.1.WhatkindofphysicalproblemdomanyadultAmericanshave?A.Theyaretooslim.B.Theyworktoohard.C.Theyaretoofat.D.Theylosetoomuchbodyfat.答案：C。根据文中“IntheUnitedStates,30percentoftheadultpopulationhasa‘weightproblem’.”以及后文讨论胖瘦和饮食的关系可知，这里的“weightproblem”指的是太胖的问题，所以选C。2.Basedonthestatisticsgiveninthearticle,supposethereare500adultAmericans,abouthowmanyofthemwillhavea“weightproblem”?A.30.B.50.C.100.D.150.答案：D。文中提到“30percentoftheadultpopulationhasa‘weightproblem’”，500的30%是500×30%=150，所以选D。3.Istherescientificevidencetosupportthateatingtoomuchisthecauseofa“weightproblem”?A.Yes,thereisplentyofevidence.B.Ofcourse,thereissomeevidencetoshowthisistrue.C.Thereishardlyanyscientificevidencetosupportthis.D.Wedon'tknowbecausetheinformationisnotgiven.答案：C。根据文中“Butscientificevidencedoeslittletosupportthisidea.”可知，几乎没有科学证据支持吃太多是体重问题的原因，所以选C。4.IncomparisonwiththeadultAmericanpopulationtoday,theAmericansofthe1910s______.A.atemorefoodandhadmorephysicalactivitiesB.atelessfoodbuthadmorephysicalactivitiesC.atelessfoodandhadlessphysicalexerciseD.hadmoreweightproblems答案：A。文中提到“GoingbacktotheAmericaofthe1910s,wefindthatpeoplewerethinnerthantoday,yettheyatemorefood.Inthosedayspeopleworkedharderphysically,walkedmore,usedmachinesmuchless,anddidn'twatchtelevision.”，说明20世纪10年代的美国人吃得更多且体力活动更多，所以选A。5.Whathavemodernmedicalandscientificstudiesreportedtous?A.Fatpeopleeatlessfoodandarelessactive.B.Fatpeopleeatmorefoodthanslimpeopleandaremoreactive.C.Fatpeopleeatmorefoodthanslimpeoplebutarelessactive.D.Thinpeoplerunless,buthavegreaterincreaseinfoodintake.答案：A。文中提到“Severalmodernstudies,moreover,haveshownthatfatterpeopledonoteatmoreontheaveragethanthinnerpeople.Infact,someinvestigationsreportthat,onbalance,fatpeopleeatlessthanslimmerpeople.”以及“Studiesshowthatslimpeoplearemoreactivethanfatpeople.”，说明胖人吃得少且活动少，所以选A。Passage2Theagriculturerevolutioninthenineteenthcenturyinvolvedtwothings:theinventionoflaborsavingmachineryandthedevelopmentofscientificagriculture.Laborsavingmachinerynaturallyappearedfirstwherelaborwasscarce.“InEurope,”saidThomasJefferson,“theobjectistomakethemostoftheirland,laborbeingabundant;hereitistomakethemostofourlabor,landbeingabundant.”ItwasinAmerica,therefore,thatthegreatadvancesinnineteenthcenturyagriculturalmachineryfirstcame.Attheopeningofthecentury,withtheexceptionofacrudeplow,farmerscouldhavecarriedpracticallyalloftheexistingagriculturaltoolsontheirbacks;by1860,mostofthemachineryinusetodayhadbeendesignedinanearlyform.Themostimportantoftheearlyinventionswastheironplow.Asearlyas1790CharlesNewboldofNewJerseyhadbeenworkingontheideaofacastironplowandspenthisentirefortuneinintroducinghisinvention.Thefarmers,however,wouldhavenoneofit,claimingthattheironpoisonedthesoilandmadetheweedsgrow.Nevertheless,manypeopledevotedtheirattentiontotheplow,untilin1837JohnDeerepatentedasteelplowwhichwasimmediatelypopular.Anotherimportantinventionwasthecottongin.ThiswasaninventionofEliWhitneyin1793,whichmadepossiblethegrowthoflargescalecottonproductionintheSouthandremovedamajorobstacletotheindustrializationoftheregion.6.Theword“here”inthefirstparagraphrefersto______.A.EuropeB.AmericaC.NewJerseyD.Illinois答案：B。根据前文提到“‘InEurope,’saidThomasJefferson,‘theobjectistomakethemostoftheirland,laborbeingabundant;hereitistomakethemostofourlabor,landbeingabundant.’ItwasinAmerica,therefore,thatthegreatadvancesinnineteenthcenturyagriculturalmachineryfirstcame.”，可知这里的“here”指的是美国，所以选B。7.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.TheneedforlaborhelpedtheinventionofmachineryinAmerica.B.ThefarmerrejectedNewbold'splowforfearofruinoftheirfields.C.BothEuropeandAmericahadgreatneedforfarmmachinery.D.ItwasinAmericathatthefirstgreatadvancesinnineteenthcenturyagriculturalmachineryweremade.答案：C。文中提到“Laborsavingmachinerynaturallyappearedfirstwherelaborwasscarce.”以及“‘InEurope,’saidThomasJefferson,‘theobjectistomakethemostoftheirland,laborbeingabundant;hereitistomakethemostofourlabor,landbeingabundant.’ItwasinAmerica,therefore,thatthegreatadvancesinnineteenthcenturyagriculturalmachineryfirstcame.”，说明是美国因为劳动力稀缺需要节省劳动力的机器，欧洲劳动力充足，没有对农业机械有很大需求，所以C选项错误。8.Thepassagepointsoutthattheinventionoftheironplow______.A.wasnotconsideredagreatinventionB.ledtothepopularityofsteelplowsC.wasbadlyneededintheSouthD.couldmakethesoilgrowbetter答案：B。文中提到“CharlesNewboldofNewJerseyhadbeenworkingontheideaofacastironplow...Thefarmers,however,wouldhavenoneofit...untilin1837JohnDeerepatentedasteelplowwhichwasimmediatelypopular.”，说明铸铁犁的发明促使了钢犁的流行，所以选B。9.Theinventionofthecottonginmeantthat______.A.largescalecottonproductionbecamepossibleB.largescaleandefficientcottonproductionbecamepossibleC.immediateindustrializationoftheSouthbecamepossibleD.weedscouldberemovedfromcottonfieldsmorequickly答案：B。文中提到“ThiswasaninventionofEliWhitneyin1793,whichmadepossiblethegrowthoflargescalecottonproductionintheSouthandremovedamajorobstacletotheindustrializationoftheregion.”，说明轧棉机的发明使大规模高效的棉花生产成为可能，所以选B。10.Thebesttitleforthispassageis______.A.TheAgricultureRevolutionB.TheInventionofLaborsavingMachineryC.TheDevelopmentofScientificAgricultureD.TheAgriculturalMachineryinAmerica答案：D。文章主要讲述了19世纪美国农业机械的发明和发展，包括铁犁、轧棉机等，所以D选项“美国的农业机械”最能概括文章内容。Passage3Oneofthequalitiesthatmostpeopleadmireinothersisthewillingnesstoadmitone'smistakes.Itisextremelyhardsometimestosayasimplethinglike“Iwaswrongaboutthat,”anditisevenhardertosay,“Iwaswrong,andyouwererightaboutthat.”Ihadanexperiencerecentlywithsomeoneadmittingtomethathehadmadeamistakefifteenyearsago.HetoldmehehadbeenthemanagerofacertainstoreintheneighborhoodwhereIgrewup,andheaskedmeifIrememberedtheeggcartons.ThenherelatedanincidentandIbegantoremembervaguelytheincidenthewasdescribing.Iwasabouteightyearsoldatthetime,andIhadgoneintothestorewithmymothertodosomeshopping.Onthatparticularday,Imusthavefoundmywaytothedairyfooddepartmentwheretheeggcartonswerestacked.Theremusthavebeenaspecialsaleoneggsthatday,becausetherewerelotsofeggsindozenandhalfdozencartons.Thecartonswerestackedthreeorfourfeethigh.Imusthavestoppedinfrontofthemtoadmirethestacks.Justthenawomancamebypushinghershoppingcartandknockedoffthestacksofcartons.Forsomereason,Idecideditwasuptometoputtheeggcartonsbacktogether,soIwenttowork.Themanagerheardthenoiseandcamerushingovertoseewhathadhappened.Whenheappeared,Iwasonmykneesinspectingsomeofthecartonstoseeifanyoftheeggswerebroken,buttohimitlookedasthoughIwastheculprit.Heseverelyscoldedmeandwantedmetopayforanybrokeneggs.Iprotestedmyinnocenceandtriedtoexplain,butitdidnogood.EventhoughIquicklyforgotallabouttheincident,apparentlythemanagerdidnot.11.Howoldwastheauthorwhenhewrotethisarticle?A.About8.B.About18.C.About23.D.About15.答案：C。文中提到“Ihadanexperiencerecentlywithsomeoneadmittingtomethathehadmadeamistakefifteenyearsago.”以及“Iwasabouteightyearsoldatthetime”，8+15=23，所以作者写文章时大约23岁，选C。12.Whowastoblameforknockingoffthestacksofcartons?A.Theauthor.B.Themanager.C.Awoman.D.Theauthor'smother.答案：C。文中提到“Justthenawomancamebypushinghershoppingcartandknockedoffthestacksofcartons.”，说明是一个女人撞倒了纸箱堆，所以选C。13.Whenthemanagerscoldedhim,theauthor______.A.wasfrightenedandcriedB.triedtoexplainC.didnotsayanythingD.feltthemanagerwasright答案：B。文中提到“Iprotestedmyinnocenceandtriedtoexplain,butitdidnogood.”，说明作者试图解释自己的清白，所以选B。14.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat______.A.theauthorwaswrongedbythemanagerfifteenyearsagoB.themanagerwashonestandresponsibleC.themanagerrememberedtheincidentbecausehewasseverelycriticizedD.theauthorwastheculpritofknockingoffthestacksofcartons答案：A。从文中可知是一个女人撞倒了纸箱堆，但经理却以为是作者干的并严厉斥责作者，说明作者15年前被经理冤枉了，所以选A。15.Thebesttitleforthispassagewouldbe______.A.ACaseofMistakenIdentityB.FifteenYearsLateraMistakeRememberedC.TheManagerandID.AnIncidentinaStore答案：A。文章主要讲述了作者小时候被商店经理误认是撞倒鸡蛋纸箱的人，即身份被误认的事情，A选项“身份误认的案例”最能概括文章内容。Passage4Theworldisnotonlyhungry,itisalsothirstyforwater.Thismayseemstrangetoyou,sincenearly75%oftheearth'ssurfaceiscoveredwithwater.Butabout97%ofthishugeamountisseawater,orsaltwater.Mancanonlydrinkandusetheother3%thefreshwaterthatcomesfromrivers,lakes,underground,andothersources.Andwecannotevenuseallofthat,becausesomeofitisintheformoficebergsandglaciers.Evenworse,someofithasbeenpolluted.However,asthingsstandtoday,thissmallamountoffreshwaterisstillenoughforus.Butourneedforwaterisincreasingrapidlyalmostdaybyday.Onlyifwetakestepstodealwiththisproblemnowcanweavoidasevereworldwidewatershortagelateron.Weallhavetolearnhowtostopwastingourpreciouswater.Oneofthefirststepsistodevelopwaysofreusingit.Todayinmostlargecities,waterisusedonlyonceandthensentoutintoasewersystem.Fromthereitreturnstotheseaorrunsintoundergroundstoragetanks.Butitispossibletopipeusedwatertoapurifyingplant.Thereitcanbefilteredandtreatedwithchemicalssothatitcanbeusedagain.Butevenifeverylargecitypurifiedandreuseditswater,westillwouldnothaveenough.Allwe'dhavetodotomakeuseofthevastreservesofseawaterintheworldistoremovethesalt.Ifwetakethesesteps,we'llbeinnodangerofdryingup.16.Theworldisthirstyforwaterbecause______.A.manhasn'tgotenoughfoodtoeatB.wehaven'tgotenoughfreshwaterC.only75%oftheearth'ssurfaceiswaterD.morewaterissentintosewersystems答案：B。文中提到“Mancanonlydrinkandusetheother3%thefreshwaterthatcomesfromrivers,lakes,underground,andothersources.Andwecannotevenuseallofthat,becausesomeofitisintheformoficebergsandglaciers.Evenworse,someofithasbeenpolluted.”以及“ourneedforwaterisincreasingrapidly”，说明世界缺水是因为没有足够的淡水，所以选B。17.Theunderlinedword“precious”inthethirdparagraphmeans______.A.muchandsaltyB.freshandenoughC.dearandvaluableD.cleananduseful答案：C。根据前文提到淡水很稀缺，所以这里“precious”表示“珍贵的，宝贵的”，即“dearandvaluable”，选C。18.Whichofthefollowingisthewaytoreusethewater?A.Topipeusedwatertoapurifyingplant.B.Tocarrywaterfromtheseaorrivers.C.Tousethewaterfromundergroundstoragetanks.D.Tomaketheusedwaterrunintoundergroundstoragetanks.答案：A。文中提