山东省济宁市高三上学期1月期末英语试题

2024—2025学年度第一学期高三质量检测英语试题注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Wherearethespeakers?A.Athome. B.Atapetstore. C.Atarestaurant.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:Doyouknowwhomadethatawfulmessinthekitchen?M:It’sme!I’mjustcooking!I’llcleanitupassoonasI’mfinished.W:Well,itlookslikeadog’sdinnerinthere!2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】WhatisMrs.Richdoing?A.Orderingfood. B.Cookingameal. C.Doingtheshopping.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:Doyouwantanymeattoday,Mrs.Rich?Thislambisverygood.W:Ilikelamb,butmyhusbanddoesn’t.I’mgoingtomakedinnerforthewholefamilytonight.M:Whataboutsomechicken?Itisfresh.W:Thankyou,butI’mnotgoodatcookingit.Givemethatpieceofsteak,please.Myfamilylikesitverymuch.3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Wheredidthewomanlearnabouttheclub?A.FromtheInternet. B.Fromherworkmate. C.Fromasignonthestreet.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:Didyoureadouradvertisementonline?W:No.Ievendidn’tseeyoursignuntiljustnow.IworkonAlbertStreet,notfarawayfromyourclub.Aladyatmyworkplaceeshereandplayspingpongduringourlunchbreaks.She’slookingforapartner,soI’mhopingtojoinher.4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Amotorshow. B.Acaraccident. C.Thetrafficrules.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:What’sgoingon?Whyisthecarbeforeusstopping?M:Theremustbesomethinghappened.Twocarsarestandingrightinthemiddleoftheroadandthedriversarestandingbytheside.It’samiraclethatnoonewasbadlyinjured.W:It’sdangerous.Obeyingtrafficrulesandsignsiscrucialforensuringroadsafety.5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatwillthemandonext?A.Gotoanotherhotel. B.Sendamessage. C.Confirmhisbooking.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:Goodevening.I’vereservedaroomhereunderthenameDavidBrown.W:Sorry,sir.Yourreservationhasbeencanceledasyoudidn’tarrivebefore6:00pm.We’vesentyouamessagetoinformyouofthat.Alltheroomsarefullnow.M:Well,maybeI’lltrymyluckatthehotelacrossthestreet.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】6.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Waitressandcustomer. B.Bossandsecretary. C.Hotelclerkandguest.7.WhendoesMr.Whitewanttohavelunch?A.At11:30am. B.At12:00noon. C.At12:15pm.【答案】6.C7.C【解析】【原文】W:RoomService.WhatcanIdoforyou?M:Hello,thisisWhitefromRoom204.I’dliketohavelunchinmyroom.W:OK,Mr.White.Weofferthreetypesoflunch,westernfood,JapanesefoodandChinesefood.Whichonewouldyouprefer?M:Thelastonewillbefine.W:MayIknowwhenyou’dlikeustodeliverthemeal?M:Well,I’vegotavideoconferencefrom11:30amto12:00noon,soIthinkitwouldbegoodtohavelunch15minuteslaterafteritisover.W:Isee.Yourmealwillbedeliveredontime.M:Thankyou.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】8.HowdoesthemanprobablyfeelaboutLinda’ssuggestionatfirst?A.Excited. B.Confused. C.Embarrassed.9.WhatdoesLindasayabouttheupgradingfeeattheairport?A.It’sfreeofchargesometimes.B.VIPscangetaspecialdiscount.C.It’smoreexpensivethanthatonline.【答案】8.B9.A【解析】原文】M:Linda,doyouknowhowtosavemoneywhenbookingabusinessclassticket?Ialwaysfeeldistressedwhenthepricerisesagainandagain.W:Youcanpurchaseaneconomyticketonlinefirstandthenupgradeitattheairport.M:Whybother?W:Sometimes,iftheplaneisnotfull,thegateagentcanupgradeyoutobusinessclassatnoadditionalcost.Butevenifyouhavetopay,it’sstillgoingtobemuchcheaperthanbuyingonline.M:Really?WillIgetadiscountwithaVIPcardoftheairline?W:It’salwaysfreeofchargeifyouhaveaVIPcard.M:Great!WhenIboardtheplane,Iwillaskflightattendantstoupgradeitimmediately.W:No,theydon’tusuallyhavethatmuchpowerthen.Justarriveearlier,sobusinessseatsarestillavailable.M:Thankyou!听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】10.WhatdoweknowaboutEmma?A.Sheiskeenongeography.B.Shedislikesstudyingbiology.C.Shedidn’tputmucheffortingeology.11.WhatisthesubjectofEmma’sessay?A.Environmentalpollution. B.Plantconservation. C.Wildlifeprotection.12.WhatislackinginEmma’sessay?ASpecificmeasures. B.Interestingstories. C.Reliablestatistics.【答案】10.C11.C12.A【解析】【原文】M:Hi,Emma,whythelongface?W:Ireceivedcriticismformygeographyessay.M:Ohno!Wasitbecausethesubjectdidn’tinteresttheteacher?W:Well,Idon’tnormallylikelearninggeography.Lastterm,westudiedgeologyanditwasveryboring,andIadmitthatIdidn’tworkveryhard!Butthistermwe’vebeenstudyingbiology.It’smoreinterestingthanIthought.M:Whatwasyouressayabout?W:Theconservationofananimal.Weweren’tassignedone.Wecouldchoose,soIchoseiguanas.M:Oh,yes!Irememberseeingyouinthelibrary!Youwerereadingaboutiguanasthen!Sowhatdidyoudowrong?W:Iwrotealongessay,withlotsofinterestinginformationaboutiguanas,suchastheirfoodandtheirevolution,andIevenwrotesomestoriesaboutthem.ButIdidn’twriteabouthowwecanhelpthem!Ididn’trealizethatIhadtowritedownmyownthoughts.It’ssosilly!M:Noworries.Maybetheteacherwillallowyoutowritetheessayagain.W:Ihopeso.I’llaskhertomorrow.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】13.Whatisthewomandoing?Aparingnotes. B.Makinganinterview. C.Seekingcooperation.14.WhatdidgreytHRtarget?A.Indiandomesticfirms. B.Internationalmarkets. C.Indiangovernments.15.Whatisthemultichannelmodelusedfor?A.Gettingfinancialsupport. B.Acquiringnewcustomers. C.Improvingservicequality.16.WhatisMr.Rowjee’ssuggestionforyoungentrepreneurs?A.Neverstoplearning. B.Facefailurespositively. C.Staypetitive.【答案】13.B14.A15.B16.A【解析】【原文】W:Goodevening,everyone.I’mthrilledtospeakwithMr.GirishRowjee,thecofounderandCEOofGreytipSoftware.Thankyouforjoiningus,Mr.Rowjee.M:It’sapleasuretobehere.W:First,couldyoushareouraudiencewhatyoursuccessstatementis?M:Maintainingagrowthattitude,inmyopinion,iscrucialforsuccessandpersonalprogress.Agrowthattitudepushesustotakeupchallengesandcontinuallyimproveourselves.W:OuraudiencearekeentoknowwhatinspiredyoutocreateGreytipSoftware.M:WestartedgreytHRwithaprimaryfocusonthesmallandmediumenterprises.WefoundthatmostofthefirmswerewantingtoselltheirsoftwaretopaniesoutsideIndia.WesawthegaphereandtookuptheopportunitytoserveIndianfirms.W:WheredoyouseeGreytipSoftwarein5years?M:Ouraimistoreach100thousandcustomersinthenearfuture.Intermsofincreasingthepaceofgrowth,wehaveadoptedamultichannelmodeltoachievethis.WeareworkingwithanumberofResellerPartnersinvariouscities,whoarehelpingusconnectwithcustomers.Wehavealsoestablishedtieupswithbanks.W:Soundsencouraging.Whatisyouradvicetoyoungentrepreneurs?M:IntheITIndustry,thingschangeveryrapidly.Theskillsthatwelearntodaywillbeeoutofdateverysoon.Soweshouldlearncontinuously.W:Greatpaniesaregreatatstickingtotheirvisionsanddoingeverythinggreattostayaheadofthepetition.Iwishyourpanythecapacitytostickwithitsvisionandstayaheadofothers.M:Thankyouforsayingthat.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】17.Whatcanbeseenontheimage?A.Alonelyoldpolarbear. B.Astrugglingpolarbear. C.Asleepingyoungpolarbear.18.Whichbestdescribestheprocessoftakingtheimage?A.Challenging. B.Eventful. C.Disappointing.19.Whatcanthedirector’swordsillustrate?A.Thebeautyinnature. B.Theimpactoftheimage. C.Theaffectionforphotography.20.WhatdoesNimaSarikhanicallonpeopletodo?A.Careaboutthesafetyofseafood.B.Createnewhomesforpolarbears.C.Takeactiontopreventglobalwarming.【答案】17.C18.A19.B20.C【解析】【原文】W:Aheartbrokenimagecapturesayoungpolarbearsleepingonthemeltingpiecesofatinyiceberg.BritishparttimephotographerNimaSarikhanicapturedthesceneinSvalbard,whichsitsdeepinsidetheArcticCircle,around500milesfromtheNorthPole.Theimagewascrownedthewinnerofthisyear’sWildlifePhotographeroftheYearPeople’sChoiceAward.Afterthreedaysofdesperatelysearchingforpolarbearsthroughthickfog,Sarikhanifinallyspottedtwopolarbears—ayoungermaleandanoldermale.Justbeforemidnight,astheshipgotclosetothebears,theyoungeroneclimbedontoasmallicebergandcarvedoutabedwithhispawsbeforefallingasleep.Sarikhanisaidthisphotographhascausedstrongemotionsinmanyofthosewhohaveseenit.Anestimated26,000polarbearsremaininthewild,andtheyareattheriskofdyingoutasrisingtemperaturesmeltawaytheseaicetheseanimalsdependon.DirectoroftheNaturalHistoryMuseumsaid,“Theheartbreakingimageallowsustoseethebeautyandfragilityofourplanet.Histhoughtprovokingimageisastrikingreminderoftheessentialbondbetweenananimalanditshabitatandservesasavisualrepresentationoftheharmfulimpactsofclimatewarmingandhabitatloss.”Sarikhanisaidhehopedhisphotographcouldinspirehope.Headdedthereisstilltimetofixthemesswehavecaused.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AMotherEarthNewsistheoriginalguidetolivingwisely.Launchedin1970,eachbimonthlyissueofthemagazinefeaturespracticalandmoneysavinginformationoncuttingenergycosts;usingrenewableenergy;organicgardening;greenhomebuildingandremodeling;fundoityourselfprojectsandselfsufficientlifestyles.Themagazineapproachesenvironmentalproblemsfromadowntoearth,practical,simpleliving,howtostandpoint.Beeapreferredsubscriberandclaimyourbenefitstoday!MemberBenefitsInclude:➢Onlinevideolearninglibrary,featuring450+videoswithmoreaddedeverymonth➢Admissiontoallonlinevideoworkshops,includingexpertinterviewsandliveQ&.As➢AyearofMotherEarthNewsmagazine,backedby50+yearsoftrustedDIYguidance➢Bonusdigitalsubscription—accessnewissuesanywherelifetakesyou➢EverydaymemberdiscountsonecofriendlyproductsintheMotherEarthNewsStore➢Nolimitationtoonlinecontent—membersgettoviewthenewarticlesandprojectideasbeforenonmemberscanMembershipprice:➢PrintMembership:$38peryear➢DigitalMembership:$18peryearDigitalmagazineversiononly(printedversionexcluded)SatisfactionGuarantee:IfyouarenotfullysatisfiedwithMotherEarthNews,simplycall8002343368oremailatCustomerService@ogdenpubs.Wewillissueyouafullrefundonallunmailedissues(printedversiononly).Noquestionsasked.21.WhicharticleismostlikelytobeincludedinMotherEarthNews?A.MoralValuesmayShiftwithSeasonsB.BuildaWindGeneratorforHomebyYourselfC.StarryHorizons:TheFutureofSpaceExplorationD.MeltingPotofIdeas:CulturalIntegrationinthe21stCentury22.Whatistheaddedbonusformembers?A.Visitinglocallibrariesforfree. B.HostingaliveQ&Asession.C.Havingadiscountondigitalversion. D.Gettingearlieraccesstolatestarticles.23.Whatistherefundforthehalfyearsubscriptioncancellation?A.$9. B.$18. C.$19. D.$38.【答案】21.B22.D23.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了《MotherEarthNews》杂志的内容定位、会员权益及退订政策等信息。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据文章中提到的“Launchedin1970,eachbimonthlyissueofthemagazinefeaturespracticalandmoneysavinginformationoncuttingenergycosts;usingrenewableenergy;organicgardening;greenhomebuildingandremodeling;fundoityourselfprojectsandselfsufficientlifestyles.(该杂志于1970年创刊，每期双月刊以实用和省钱的资讯为特色，探讨如何削减能源成本；使用可再生能源；有机园艺;绿色住宅建设与改造；有趣的自己动手的项目和自给自足的生活方式)”可推知，杂志主要涉及自给自足和环保意识相关的内容。选项B符合这些主题。故选B。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据文章中“Nolimitationtoonlinecontent—membersgettoviewthenewarticlesandprojectideasbeforenonmemberscan(对在线内容没有限制会员可以在非会员之前查看新文章和项目创意)”可推知，会员福利之一就是比非会员更早获得最新的文章。故选D。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据文章中“Membershipprice:➢PrintMembership:$38peryear(会员价格：印刷版会员每年38美元)并且在退款保证中说明“Wewillissueyouafullrefundonallunmailedissues(printedversiononly).(我们将对所有未邮寄的期刊进行全额退款)”可知，如果在半年的时候取消订阅未邮寄的月份，则为19美元。故选C。BWhenIboughtahouseinPortlandfouryearsago,Iimmediatelybegandesigningmydreamgarden,intendingtoremovetheweedsandplantsomevegetablesorlonglastingflowers.Isoondiscovered,however,thatthesoilwasunproductive,clayheavyandlitteredwithstones.Inprevious,muchtiniergardens,I’dfixitwithafewbagsofhighqualitysoilfromthenursery.Replacingthisvastlygreaterquantityofdirtwasneitherpracticalnorfinanciallypossible.Instead,Idecidedtoremediate(补救)whatIalreadyhad.Thechallengebeforemewastorevitalizethesoil.Twocoreprinciplesofmodernagriculturecanguidethisshift:minimizingsoildisturbanceandemphasizingbiodiversity.Inpractice,growingcropsbyturns;prioritizingorganicinputsoverchemicalfertilizers;integratingcrops,treesandlivestock;andshieldingsoilfrombeingwashedawaywithcovercrops,oftenwork.Itriedtoapplysuchmethodsinmygarden.Whereoncetherewasonlygrass,Icreatedapond,arockgarden,awildflowerfieldandraisedbedsforvegetables.Iletplantsgrowanddeposebythemselvesinanaturalway.Ialsointroduceddifferentplantsandreviveditsecologicalmunities.InMay,Idecidedtorelocateafloweringplant.AsIdugtheplantout,allmanneroflifeemerged.Earthwormsswungfromtheroots.Adaddylonglegshurriedforshelter.BelowtheplantIevennoticedthefinewhitelatticeofafungalmycelium.Runningmyfingersthroughthesoil,Iunderstood,moreclearlythaneverbefore,thatItransformedmuchmorethanmyyard—itpletelychangedthewayIthinkaboutsoil.It’snotsimplyasamediumforlife,butasalivingentity(个体)initsownright.Althoughsciencestilllacksanagreeddefinitionoflife,bookshighlightcriteriawidelyconsideredtodifferentiatethelivingandnonliving.Soilmeetsmanyofthem:Ithasahighlyorganizedstructure.Ithasacapacityforactiveselfpreservation.Itgrows.Itbreathes.Anditcandie.24.Howdidtheauthorusetoimprovethesoil?A.Byaddingrichsoil. B.Bycoveringitwithbags.C.Byremovingtheweeds. D.Byapplyingchemicalfertilizer.25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“shielding”inparagraph2probablymean?AExposing. B.Separating. C.Sheltering. D.Monitoring.26.Whatisthepurposeofparagraph4?A.Toexplaintheprocessoftransplanting. B.Toillustratethepreventionofinsectattacks.C.Tostressthepetitionofdifferentspecies. D.Tostatetheformationofmultispeciesmunities.27.Whatcanbeasuitabletitlefor?A.TheSoulofSoil B.TheVitalityoftheWildC.TheArtofGardening D.TheWhisperofFlowers【答案】24.A25.C26.D27.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述作者四年前在波特兰买房后打理花园，面对贫瘠土壤，采用现代农业方法改良，最终对土壤有全新认知的过程。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Inprevious,muchtiniergardens,I’dfixitwithafewbagsofhighqualitysoilfromthenursery.(以前，在那些小得多的花园里，我会用从苗圃买来的几袋优质土壤来改良土壤)”可知，作者过去是通过添加优质土壤来改善土壤的，也就是添加肥沃的土壤。故选A项。【25题详解】词义猜测题。根据第二段划线词前面“Twocoreprinciplesofmodernagriculturecanguidethisshift:minimizingsoildisturbanceandemphasizingbiodiversity.Inpractice,growingcropsbyturns;prioritizingorganicinputsoverchemicalfertilizers;integratingcrops,treesandlivestock;(现代农业的两个核心原则可以指导这一转变：尽量减少土壤扰动和强调生物多样性。在实践中，轮流种植作物；优先使用有机肥料而非化肥；将农作物、树木以及家畜进行整合)”和划线词后面“…soilfrombeingwashedawaywithcovercrops(用覆盖作物来……土壤被冲走)”可知，这里说的是一些现代农业的原则及实践方法，提到用覆盖作物来防止土壤被冲走，划线词在此处应是“保护、防护”的意思，与“Sheltering”意思相近。故选C项。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第四段“InMay,Idecidedtorelocateafloweringplant.AsIdugtheplantout,allmanneroflifeemerged.Earthwormsswungfromtheroots.Adaddylonglegshurriedforshelter.BelowtheplantIevennoticedthefinewhitelatticeofafungalmycelium.(五月的时候，我决定移栽一株开花植物。当我把这株植物挖出来时，各种各样的生物都冒了出来。蚯蚓在根部扭动着，一只长脚蜘蛛匆匆寻找藏身之处。在这株植物的下方，我甚至还看到了真菌菌丝体那细密的白色网状结构)”可知，本段描述了作者在移栽开花植物时，看到了蚯蚓、长脚蜘蛛以及真菌菌丝体等各种各样的生物出现，展现了多种生物共存的情况，目的是说明形成了多物种的群落。故选D项。【27题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Thechallengebeforemewastorevitalizethesoil.(摆在我面前的挑战是重振土壤)”和文章最后一段“Runningmyfingersthroughthesoil,Iunderstood,moreclearlythaneverbefore,thatItransformedmuchmorethanmyyard—itpletelychangedthewayIthinkaboutsoil.It’snotsimplyasamediumforlife,butasalivingentity(个体)initsownright.

(我用手指穿过土壤，比以往任何时候都更清楚地意识到，我改变的不仅仅是我的院子——它完全改变了我对土壤的看法。它不仅仅是作为生命的媒介，而且本身就是一个有生命的实体)”可知，文章主要讲述了作者打理花园改造土壤的过程，通过实践对土壤有了新的认识，认为土壤不仅仅是生命的介质，它本身就是一个有生命的个体，强调了土壤的重要性及独特“生命力”，因此，“TheSoulofSoil(土壤的灵魂)”作为标题最为合适，能够概括文章的主旨。故选A项。C“What’sspecialaboutourspecies?”isaquestionscientistshavewrestledwithforcenturies.NowanevolutionaryanthropologistThomasMorganhasanewtheorythatcouldchangethewayweperceiveourselves,andtheworld.“Itwasbasicallyacceptedthatitwastheabilityofhumanculture—thesharedbodyofknowledgepasseddownacrossgenerations—toaccumulate(累积)andevolvethatmadeusspecial,butournewdiscoveriesarechallengingthatandforcingustorethinkwhatmakesusasaspeciesunique,”saidMorgan.Justashumanspassonknowledgetoourchildren,whenanewqueenleafcutteranthatches,shecollectsalittlemouthfulofhermother’sgeneticmaterialtostartanewfamily.Evenlocustsuseplexevolvingsystemstoadapttolocalconditions,relyingonepigeneticchanges—howfactorslikeageandenvironmentcanchangegeneactivitywithoutchangingDNAsequence(序列)—toquicklyevolvebetweengreenoryellowandblackformsbasedonoverpopulation.So,ifanimalsdohaveevolvingcultures,thenwhat’sspecialabouthumanculture?Morganpointedoutthatwehumansaresospecialbecauseofour“openendedness”—ourabilitytomunicateandunderstandaninfinitenumberofpossibilitiesinlife,whereasanimals’inabilitytoeasilyimagineplicatedsequencesorsubgoalslimitstheirwayofthinking.“Forexample,whenI’mmakingmyboys’breakfastinthemorning,it’sanested,multistepprocess.First,Ineedtogetthebowlsandpotsandotherequipment.ThenIputtheingredientsinthepot,allintherightamountsandorder,cookit,monitoringtemperatureuntilitreachestherightconsistency,andthenserveitup.Eachofthesestepsisasubgoal.Thisplexprocedureishardforanimalstointerpret,”saidMorgan.Whenitestothelimitofthissystem,humanbrainsjustkeepgoing,whichallowsustoperformanearinfinitesetofbehaviors—thisisopenendedness.28.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph2referto?A.Thehumanculture. B.Themonbelief.C.Thelatestdiscovery. D.Thenewspecies.29.Whatcanbelearnedinparagraph3?A.Thefittestarelikelytosurvivebest. B.DNA’ssequenceisbasicallyunstable.C.Cultureaccumulationisn’texclusivetohumans. D.Parentsattachimportancetochildren’seducation.30.WhydoesMorgancitethebreakfastmakingexample?A.Todisplayhissuperbcookingskills. B.Toexplaintheplexityofcooking.C.Tostresstheimportanceofgoalsetting. D.Toshowanimals’strugglewithsubgoals.31.Whichcanbestdescribethecoreofhumanopenendedness?A.Orderly. B.Boundless. C.Consistent. D.Inclusive.【答案】28.B29.C30.D31.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了新的研究发现动物也有不断进行的文化，说明了人类文化的特别之处以及特点。【28题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Itwasbasicallyacceptedthatitwastheabilityofhumanculture—thesharedbodyofknowledgepasseddownacrossgenerations—toaccumulate(累积)andevolvethatmadeusspecial,butournewdiscoveriesarechallenging(人们基本上认为，是人类文化的能力——代代相传的共同知识体系——积累和进化使我们与众不同，但我们的新发现正在挑战)”可知，but表示转折，上文提到人们普遍信念是人类文化的能力——代代相传的共同知识体系——积累和进化使我们与众不同，但是新发现挑战了这一普遍信念。故that指的是“普遍的信念”。故选B。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Justashumanspassonknowledgetoourchildren,whenanewqueenleafcutteranthatches,shecollectsalittlemouthfulofhermother’sgeneticmaterialtostartanewfamily.Evenlocustsuseplexevolvingsystemstoadapttolocalconditions,relyingonepigeneticchanges—howfactorslikeageandenvironmentcanchangegeneactivitywithoutchangingDNAsequence(序列)—toquicklyevolvebetweengreenoryellowandblackformsbasedonoverpopulation.(就像人类把知识传给我们的孩子一样，当一只新的切叶蚁蚁后孵化出来时，它会收集一小口母亲的遗传物质来组建一个新的家庭。即使是蝗虫也使用复杂的进化系统来适应当地条件，依靠表观遗传变化——年龄和环境等因素如何在不改变DNA序列的情况下改变基因活性——在种群过剩的基础上快速进化成绿色或黄黑相间的形式)”可知，蚂蚁和蝗虫也可以积累文化，即文化积累不是人类独有的。故选C。【30题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“Morganpointedoutthatwehumansaresospecialbecauseofour“openendedness”—ourabilitytomunicateandunderstandaninfinitenumberofpossibilitiesinlife,whereasanimals’inabilitytoeasilyimagineplicatedsequencesorsubgoalslimitstheirwayofthinking.(摩根指出，我们人类之所以如此特别，是因为我们的“开放性”——我们有能力沟通和理解生活中无数的可能性，而动物无法轻易想象复杂的序列或子目标，这限制了它们的思维方式)”可知，摩根引用做早餐的例子是为了展示动物在子目标上的挣扎。故选D。【31题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Whenitestothelimitofthissystem,humanbrainsjustkeepgoing,whichallowsustoperformanearinfinitesetofbehaviors—thisisopenendedness.(当涉及到这个系统的极限时，人类的大脑只是继续前进，这允许我们执行近乎无限的行为集——那就是开放性)”可知，人类开放性的核心是无限的。故选B。DPeople’stendencytofollowtrends,especiallyonsocialmedia—evenwhentheylooksillyortakerisksdoingso—isdefinitelyamonphenomenon.Whatdoespsychologysayabouttrendfollowing—andisthereawaytobreakfreefromthedesiretofollowthenewestcraze?AccordingtoPsychologistPamelaB.Rutledge,followingtrendsisn’tasignofcharacterweaknessormentalinstability.Rather,itisanentirelynaturalbehaviorembeddedinhumanity’sfundamentalneedtobelongtoasocialgroupandestablishconnectionswithothers.Historically,followingtrendswascrucialforoursurvival.ArchaeologistshaveuncoveredevidencethatearlyhumansworkedtogethertotransportstonetoolsoverlongdistancesabouttwomillionyearsagoinwhatisnowKenya—cooperationthatallowedthemtosurviveinasevereenvironment.Andthoughfollowingatrendonsocialmediaisn’lyasimportantasoutrunningasabertoothedtiger,humanevolutionhasprogrammedourbrainstobereceptivetosocialsignals.Anothercontributingfactorthesocialcognition(认知)—theprocessesthatdeterminewhatwenoticeandhowwerespondtoothers—largelytakesplaceinthepartsofthebrainthatoverseesight,patternrecognition,decisionmaking,empathy,andsimilarfunctions.“Thankstoourhumans’plexcognitivesystems,ourbrainsarereallygoodatidentifyingpatternsandstimulatingbehaviorthatmunicatesoursocialstatus.Asaresult,youcanusealmostanythingtosignalyourmembershiporaffiliationwithasocialgroup.Givingofftherightsocialsignalsletsothersknowwhichgroupyoubelongtoorwanttoengagewith—andthosesignalsaremonitoredandinterpretedbyothers.Referredtoasidentitysignaling,thesebehaviorscanrangefromputtingabumperstickeronacartoselectingabrandofclothing,”saidRutledge.Almosteveryonefollowstrendsinsocialgroups,withouion.However,tweens,teenagers,andyoungadultsareespeciallylikelytofollowtrends,includingriskyones,duetotheirheighteneddesireforacceptanceandbelongingamongpeers.Therefore,it’sofgreatsignificancetoguidethemduringtheirjourneytowardsmaturity.32.WhatdoesRutledgethinkoffollowingtrends?A.Changeable. B.Reasonable. C.Odd. D.Risky.33.Whydidearlyhumansprefertofollowtrends?A.Toremovementalweakness. B.Toshowtheirsocialstatus.C.Tolivethroughdifficulties. D.Toexpandtheirpopulation.34.Whatisthehiddenmeaningofidentitysignaling?A.Goodtasteinfashion. B.Blindpursuitofnovelty.C.Atruereflectionofpersonality. D.Akeenthirstforbelonging.35.Whatwillthefollowupparagraphmostprobablytalkabout?A.Tipsonembracingtrendssensibly. B.Insightsintoforthingtrends.C.Parentalguidanceinkids’futurejobs. D.Psychologybehindtrendadoption.【答案】32.B33.C34.D35.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人们跟随潮流的心理现象及原因。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“AccordingtoPsychologistPamelaB.Rutledge,followingtrendsisn’tasignofcharacterweaknessormentalinstability.Rather,itisanentirelynaturalbehaviorembeddedinhumanity’sfundamentalneedtobelongtoasocialgroupandestablishconnectionswithothers.(根据心理学家PamelaB.Rutledge的说法，跟风并不是性格软弱或精神不稳定的表现。相反，这是一种完全自然的行为，根植于人类属于一个社会群体并与他人建立联系的基本需求)”可知，Rutledge认为跟随潮流是合理的。故选B。【33题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Historically,followingtrendswascrucialforoursurvival.(从历史上看，追随趋势对我们的生存至关重要)”可推知，早期人类跟随潮流主要是为了在困难中生存。故选C。【34题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Thankstoourhumans’plexcognitivesystems,ourbrainsarereallygoodatidentifyingpatternsandstimulatingbehaviorthatmunicatesoursocialstatus.Asaresult,youcanusealmostanythingtosignalyourmembershiporaffiliationwithasocialgroup.Givingofftherightsocialsignalsletsothersknowwhichgroupyoubelongtoorwanttoengagewith—andthosesignalsaremonitoredandinterpretedbyothers.Referredtoasidentitysignaling,thesebehaviorscanrangefromputtingabumperstickeronacartoselectingabrandofclothing,”said(由于人类复杂的认知系统，我们的大脑非常擅长识别模式和刺激能够传达我们社会地位的行为。因此，你几乎可以用任何东西来表明你与一个社会团体的成员身份或隶属关系。发出正确的社交信号会让别人知道你属于哪个群体，或者想要参与其中——而这些信号会被其他人监控和解读。拉特利奇说：“这些行为被称为身份信号，从在汽车保险杠上贴贴纸到选择服装品牌”）可知，身份信号的隐含意思是属于群体的强烈渴望。故选D。【35题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Almosteveryonefollowstrendsinsocialgroups,withouion.However,tweens,teenagers,andyoungadultsareespeciallylikelytofollowtrends,includingriskyones,duetotheirheighteneddesireforacceptanceandbelongingamongpeers.Therefore,it’sofgreatsignificancetoguidethemduringtheirjourneytowardsmaturity.(几乎每个人都追随社会群体的潮流，无一例外。然而，青少年和年轻人特别容易追随潮流，包括冒险的，因为他们渴望被同龄人接受和归属感。因此，引导他们走向成熟具有重要意义)”可推知，接下来的段落可能会讨论理性接纳潮流的建议。故选A。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。It’snosecretthatartificialintelligenceischangingthewaywework.Withmoreandmoresimplertasksbeingautomated,humansareleftwithmorehighlevelcognitivework,suchasideageneration,strategicplanning,andcreativewriting.____36____Theproblemisthatwestillfollowamindsetthatresemblestheeraofassembly(组装)lines,whichdoesn’tfosterorfacilitatethetypeofworkneededtoday.Leadersconstantlymeasuredproductivityintermsofhowmanyhoursanemployeespentatworkorthenumberofabstracttargetstheyreached.____3