《中考快车道.中考总复习 英语》语法突破 专题十　动词的语态

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一、语法突破

专题十动词的语态课标要求要点梳理典例精析巩固提高拓展训练

当主语是动作的执行者时,谓语动词用主动语态。当主语是动作的承受者时,谓语动词用被动语态。及物动词才有被动语态,不及物动词无被动语态。被动语态和主动语态一样,也有多种时态,中考要考查的主要是一般现在时、一般过去时和一般将来时的被动语态。1.一般现在时被动语态的构成:主语+am/is/are+过去分词。例如:Treesareplantedeveryspring.每年春天都植树。2.一般过去时被动语态的构成:主语+was/were+过去分词。例如:Thisbridgewasbuilt1,000yearsago.这座桥是一千年前建造的。3.一般将来时被动语态的构成:主语+will/begoingto+be+过去分词。例如:Manytreeswillbeplantedinourcitynextyear.明年,我们的城市会种很多树。

注意:1.在将带双宾语的主动语态改为被动语态时,若将直接宾语(物)作为被动语态的主语,则间接宾语(人)前必须加介词to或for。例如:Myfatherboughtmeacomputer.→Acomputerwasboughtformebymyfather.我父亲给我买了一台电脑。2.感官动词和使役动词,如hear、see、watch、notice、make、have等,在主动语态中作谓语时,其宾语补足语是不带to的动词不定式,但在被动语态中,to不能省略。例如:Manypeoplesawhimenterthebuilding.➝Hewasseentoenterthebuildingbymanypeople.很多人看到他进入了那栋建筑。【例1】(

)Whenshewasolder,she

todoeasytaskslikebeatingeggs.

A.isallowed B.wasallowed C.wasallowing(2025·广东中考)【解析】本题考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意:当她再大一点时,她被允许做一些简单的任务,比如打鸡蛋。“is

allowed”意为

“被允许”,是一般现在时的被动语态;“was

allowed”意为

“被允许”,是一般过去时的被动语态;“was

allowing”意为

“正在允许”,是过去进行时的主动语态。根据

“When

she

was

older”可知句子时态为一般过去时,再根据主语

“she”和动词

“allow”之间的被动关系,可知应用一般过去时的被动语态。故选B。【例2】(

)WhenPeterwasseven,hegot7inpocketmoneyevery

week.Nowattheageoffifteen,he

15everyweek.A.gives B.isgiven C.isgiving(2024·广东中考改编)【解析】本题考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意:当彼得7岁时,他每周得7英镑零花钱。现在他15岁了,每周得到15英镑。“gives”意为

“给予”,是一般现在时的主动语态;“is

given”意为

“被给予”,是一般现在时的被动语态;“is

giving”意为

“正在给予”,是现在进行时的主动语态。由

“Now…,

he…15

every

week.”可知,主语

“he”是动作的承受者,时态是一般现在时,所以应用一般现在时的被动语态,故选B。【例3】(

)The12thWorldGames

inChengduinAugust,2025.

A.holds B.heldC.isheld D.willbeheld(2025·云南中考改编)【解析】本题考查一般将来时的被动语态。句意:第十二届世界运动会将于2025年8月在成都举办。“holds”意为

“举办”,是一般现在时的主动语态;“held”意为

“举办”,是一般过去时的主动语态;“is

held”意为

“被举办”,是一般现在时的被动语态;“will

be

held”意为

“被举办”,是一般将来时的被动语态。句子主语

“运动会”是动作的承受者,且考生在参加中考时还没到2025年8月,因此应用一般将来时的被动语态。故选D。(

)1.Themini-programme“ClearPlate”ispopularamongyoungpeopleinChina.It

tohelpdealwithfoodwaste.

A.willbedesigned B.designs C.isdesigned(

)2.—Iheardthatsomeancientporcelain(瓷器)worksfromJingdezhen

inParislastmonth.

—Wow!That’sgoodnews!A.haveshown B.wereshown C.areshownCB(

)3.—IsWorldAnimalDayonOctober4theveryyear?—Yes.Manyactivities

tocallonpeopletopayattentiontoanimalprotection.

A.willhold B.isheld C.areheld(

)4.Robotdogs

asvolunteersforthefirsttimeduringthe2023AsianGames.

A.wereused B.areused C.used(

)5.—Tom,thehigh-speedrailwayconnectingourcities_________

thisyearhopefully.

—Amazing!I’mlookingforwardtoit!A.iscompleted B.willbecompleted C.willcompleteCAB

一、语法选择

请通读下面短文,掌握其大意,根据语法和上下文连贯的要求,从每小题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案。TerryHillwillneverforgetthatdayin1973.4-year-oldTerryandheryoungerbrotherMike

1

aloneinthecarastheirfatherwentintoashop.TerrywasinthebackseatwhileMikewasinthefrontseat.Mikewasn’twearingaseatbelt.Hemovedovertothe

2

seat.

(

)1.A.areleft B.wereleft C.wereleaving(

)2.A.driver B.drivers C.driver’sBCAs

they

waited

for

their

father,

Mike

3

with

the

steering

wheel(方向盘).

Somehow,

he

hit

the

gear

shift(换挡器).

The

car

started

moving

back

4

as

it

was

parked

on

a

slope(斜坡).

It

was

moving

towards

the

busy

traffic.

(

)3.A.played B.willplay C.haveplayed(

)4.A.slow B.slowly C.slownessABTerry

tried

5

the

door.

However,

it

was

too

heavy

6

a

4-year-old

girl.

She

didn’t

know

what

she

7

do.

Just

then,

Terry

saw

her

dad

rushing

out

of

the

shop.

But

running

right

in

front

of

him

was

someone

else—

8

young

man.

He

reached

the

car

first,

put

the

brake(刹车)on

9

saved

the

two

children

just

on

time.

(

)5.A.open B.toopen C.opened(

)6.A.in B.for C.on(

)7.A.must B.might C.could(

)8.A.a B.an C.the(

)9.A.but B.and C.orBBCAB

Forover50years,Terryhasalwaysremembered

10

thestrangerbravelyhelpedthemoutwithoutthinkingtwice.“Everythinghappenedsofast,”Terrysaid.“Hejustsawwhatneededtobedoneandactedatonce.Thathashadahugeinfluenceonmeformywholelife.”

(

)10.A.while B.why C.howC

二、短文填空

请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空,使文章完整连贯。注意每空一词,每词仅用一次,有两词为多余选项。Nickwasashyboyof14.Healwayskepthisheaddown.OneSundayafternoon,hismotherwasbusytakingcareofhissicksisterathome,soNickhadto1.

hersellhome-madejuiceintheirfamily’ssmallcafe.

slow

silent

if

and

make

piecehelp sleep

he

to

when

withhelpAtfirst,Nickjustsatatthecounter(柜台)2.

.Andnobodycametobuythejuice.Hefeltboredand3.

.Afterawhile,asweetvoiceasked,“Hi,howmuchistheorangejuice?”Heansweredinalowvoice,“Twodollarsacup.”Thenhenoticedalittlegirlstandinginfrontofthecounter.4.

hesawthelookofjoyonherface,hesmiledback.

silently