《中考快车道.中考总复习 英语》语法突破 专题十二　句子的类型

英语课件使用说明124课件点击文本框即可编辑（若无法编辑请安装常用软件WPS或OFFICE2010软件）。课件页面的宽高比为16:9，请选用宽高比一致的电脑播放。使用课件时遇到任何问题可联我们将竭诚为您服务。客服微信3目录页点击栏目名称可跳转到对应栏目页面。第二部分专题突破

一、语法突破

专题十二句子的类型课标要求要点梳理典例精析巩固提高拓展训练一、陈述句类别结构特点例句肯定句主语+不及物动词

The

sun

rises.

主语+及物动词+宾语

I

bought

a

toy

car.

主语+系动词+表语

My

father

was

a

teacher.

主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语

The

girl

made

me

a

model

plane.

主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语

I

asked

him

to

help

me

with

my

maths.

类别结构特点例句否定句如果谓语动词中含有系动词be、情态动词、助动词,则在这些词后面直接加not构成否定(可缩写)She

wasn’t

late

for

the

meeting.

Betty

can’t

swim.

Peter

hasn’t

finished

his

work.

如果谓语动词只由行为动词构成,则在行为动词原形前加上don’t/doesn’t/didn’t

构成否定I

don’t

watch

TV

every

day.

He

doesn’t

like

junk

food.They

didn’t

go

out

because

of

the

rain.

有些词本身表示否定意义,是否定词,如:nobody、hardly、never、no

one、nothing、few、little、none、neither等We

hardly

know

each

other.He

has

little

interest

in

playing

video

games.

类别结构特点例句否定句有些情态动词的否定形式较为特殊,如:may的否定式可以是

may

not或can’t;

must的否定用

needn’t或don’t/doesn’t

have

to

来表示,意为

“不必”—Must

I

finish

the

composition

today?—No,

you

needn’t.

You

can

finish

it

tomorrow.

have/has/had表示

“有”时,可以在其后直接加not并加got构成否定I

don’t

have

a

car.

=

I

haven’t

got

a

car.

had

better

do

sth.

的否定形式是had

better

not

do

sth.You’d

better

not

eat

so

many

hamburgers.有些句子存在

“否定转移”现象,如果主句是

“I

think/guess/believe…”,其后的宾语从句表示否定时,常将否定词提到主句中,即在主句否定I

don’t

believe

he

can

carry

the

box

by

himself.

二、疑问句类别结构特点例句一般疑问句结构系动词be/助动词/情态动词+主语(+谓语)+其他Is

he

a

doctor?

Do

you

go

to

school?Can

they

swim?答语Yes,主语+系动词be/助动词/情态动词

Yes,

he

is.

Yes,

I

do.

Yes,

they

can.

No,主语+系动词be/助动词/情态动词+

not

(通常使用缩略形式)No,

he

isn’t.

No,

I

don’t.

No,

they

can’t.

类别结构特点例句特殊疑问句结构疑问词(作主语或修饰主语)(+主语)+谓语+其他Which

bike

is

yours?疑问词(作宾语、表语、状语等)+系动词be/助动词/情态动词+主语(+谓语)+其他What

are

you

looking

for?Where

did

you

go

last

night?Why

can’t

you

answer

the

question?答语根据实际情况作出相应的回答My

key

to

the

bike.

I

went

to

the

park

with

my

friends.

Because

it

is

too

difficult.

类别结构特点例句选择疑问句结构一般疑问句

+

or

+

选择部分Is

he

a

doctor

or

a

teacher?Do

you

like

apples

or

bananas?特殊疑问句

+

A

or

BWhich

do

you

like

better,

apples

or

bananas?Where

are

you

going,

to

the

park

or

to

the

cinema?答语根据实际情况,选择其中一个部分来回答(不能用

Yes/No)He

is

a

doctor.I

like

apples./I

like

apples

better.I’m

going

to

the

park.

三、祈使句类别结构特点例句Do型动词原形+其他Don’t+动词原形+其他

Turn

on

the

light,

please.

Don’t

turn

on

the

light.

Be型Be+表语

Don’t+be+表语

Be

careful!Don’t

be

afraid!Let型Let+宾语+宾语补足语

Don’t+let+宾语+宾语补足语

Let

+宾语+not+动词原形+其他

Let

him

go

alone.

Don’t

let

him

go

alone.

Let

him

not

go

alone.

四、感叹句类别结构特点例句What型What+a/an(+形容词)+单数可数名词(+主语+谓语)What

an

honest

boy

he

is!What(+形容词)+复数可数名词/不可数名词(+主语+谓语)What

beautiful

flowers

they

are!

What

fine

weather

it

is!类别结构特点例句How型How+主语+谓语How

time

flies!How

I

miss

you!How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语How

brave

the

hero

is!How

fast

he

runs!How+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+主语+谓语How

clever

a

boy

he

is!五、存现句类别结构特点例句肯定句There

+

系动词be

+

主语

+

地点/时间状语There

is

a

book

on

the

desk.There

are

some

students

in

the

classroom.There

was

an

apple

here

yesterday.否定句There

+

系动词be

+

not

+

主语

+

地点/时间状语There

isn’t

a

book

on

the

desk.There

aren’t

any

students

in

the

classroom.There

wasn’t

an

apple

here

yesterday.类别结构特点例句一般疑问句系动词Be

+

there

+

主语

+

地点/时间状语Is

there

a

book

on

the

desk?Are

there

any

students

in

the

classroom?Was

there

an

apple

here

yesterday?一般疑问句简略答语Yes,

there

+

系动词beNo,

there

+

系动词be

+

notYes,

there

is.No,

there

isn’t.Yes,

there

are.No,

there

aren’t.类别结构特点例句特殊疑问句疑问词(How

many/What等)+系动词be

+

there

+

地点/时间状语How

many

books

are

there

on

the

desk?What

will

be

there

for

dinner

tonight?特殊疑问句答语根据实际情况用

“There

be”句型来回答There

are

three

books

on

the

desk.There

will

be

some

rice,

fish

and

vegetables.【例1】(

)

ashoppingmallnearPeter’shome.Atweekends,hewatchesmovieswithfriendsthere.

A.Thereis B.Itis C.Theyare(2024·广东中考改编)【解析】本题考查存现句。句意:彼得家附近有一家购物中心。周末他会和朋友在那里看电影。There

is有;It

is它是;They

are他们是。根据句意可知,附近有一家购物中心。表示

“某地有……”要用存现句。故选A。【例2】(

)

excitedDavidwas!

A.How B.What C.Whatan(2023·广东中考改编)【解析】本题考查How引导的感叹句。句意:大卫是多么激动啊!

How多么,修饰形容词/副词;What

多么,修饰不可数名词或可数名词复数;What

an多么……的一个,修饰可数名词单数。此句的中心词是形容词

“excited”,应用How引导感叹句。故选A。【例3】(

)

kindboyMikeis!Healwayshelpshisclassmateswithmath.

A.How B.What C.Whata D.Whatan(2025·云南中考改编)【解析】本题考查What引导的感叹句。句意:迈克是个多么善良的男孩啊!他总是帮助同学学数学。How多么,修饰形容词/副词;What

多么,修饰不可数名词或可数名词复数;What

a/an多么,修饰可数名词单数。此句的中心词是kind

boy,为可数名词单数,且以辅音音素开头,需用What

a引导。故选C。【例4】(

)—Mike,

suchaloudnoiseintheroom.Yoursisterissleeping.

—OK,Dad.Iwon’tdothatagain.A.making B.tomake C.don’tmake D.make【解析】本题考查祈使句。句意:——迈克,别在房间里吵,你妹妹在睡觉。——好的,爸爸,我再也不这样做了。making(现在分词);to

make(不定式);don’t

make(否定祈使句);make(肯定祈使句)。这里爸爸是在劝告迈克不要制造噪声,所以需要用否定祈使句。否定祈使句的结构是

“Don’t

+

动词原形+其他”。故选C。(

)1.—

anyforeignstudentsinyourschool?

—Yes,therearesomany.Ourschoolisaninternationalschool.A.Isthere B.Thereare C.Arethere(

)2.

goodadviceitis!I’msuretomakemanyfriendsattheparty.

A.How B.Whata C.WhatCC(

)3.

beautifulthepoemMother

Knows

Bestis!Iwanttoreadittomymom.

A.How B.What C.Whata(

)4.

aself-drivingcarwhereyouwanttogo,anditwilltakeyouthere.

A.Tell B.Telling C.Totell(

)5.

amazingmagicshowIsawyesterday!

A.Whata B.Whatan C.HowAAB

一、语法选择

请通读下面短文,掌握其大意,根据语法和上下文连贯的要求,从每小题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案。Oneday,whenAndywastakingawalk,hehappenedtopassbyafarm.Henoticedafarmerstandingthere,lookingworried.Andywassocuriousthatheasked

1

farmer,“Whydoyoulooksoworried?Didyouplantanywheat(小麦)?”The

farmer

slowly

shook

his

head.

His

face

2

with

worry

as

he

said,“No,

the

weather’s

not

good.

I’m

worried

that

if

there’s

heavy

rain,

the

new

wheat

I

planted

3

too

much

water.

It

might

not

grow

at

all.

Or

even

4

,

it

could

rot

(腐烂)

in

the

soil.”

(

)1.A.a B.an C.the(

)2.A.filled B.isfilled C.wasfilled(

)3.A.gets B.willget C.got(

)4.A.bad B.worse C.theworstCCBBAndy

nodded

and

then

asked,“Then,

did

you

plant

cotton?”The

farmer

thought

for

a

while

and

said,“No,

I’m

worried

about

the

5

this

season.

They

might

come

and

harm

the

newly

planted

cotton.

I

6

can’t

take

that

risk.”

(

)5.A.insect B.insect’s C.insects(

)6.A.simple B.simply C.simplenessCBAndy

was

surprised

and

asked

again,“So,

what

have

you

planted

then?”The

farmer

replied,“Nothing.

7

difficult

situation

I

am

in!

I

want

to

make

sure

that

there’s

no

chance

of

heavy

rain

or

insects

harming

8

crops.

I’m

just

too

worried

and

I

don’t

know

what

to

do

now.”

(

)7.A.How B.What C.Whata(

)8.A.me B.my C.myselfCBThere

is

no

doubt

that

good

planning

is

the

key

9

success.

But

you

must

take

the

first

step

at

some

point

10

it.

If

you

only

think

and

never

act,

you

will

never

achieve

anything.

(

)9.A.to B.in C.for(

)10.A.achieve B.toachieve C.achievingAB

二、短文填空

请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空,使文章完整连贯。注意每空一词,每词仅用一次,有两词为多余选项。Kunqu

Opera,

one

of

China’s

oldest

and

most

beautiful

traditional

operas,

has

a

history

of

over

600

years.

Yet

it

once

faced

challenges:

modern

1.

like

pop

music

and

movies

took

center

stage,

making

it

less

attractive

to

young

people.

traditional

I

but

close

culture

fandiscover in why start because underculture

2.

things

are

changing

now.

With

schools

teaching

traditional

art

and

performers

using

social

media,

many

young

people

have

3.

discovering

the

beauty

of

Kunqu

through

online

videos

and

live

shows.

Fang

Qian

is

one

of

these

young

4.

.“Kunqu

Opera

is