09.专项九　动词的时态和语态 学案（含答案）2026年中考人教版英语语法专项复习

专项九动词的时态和语态河北中考考情分析分析河北近六年的中考真题可以看出，动词的时态和语态是河北中考的必考点。中考一般考查六种时态，现在完成时为高频考点，而一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时和过去进行时为常考点。语态主要考查一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态。此外，短文填空是对动词的时态和语态进行重点考查的题型，预计2026年河北中考可能会在短文填空中考查动词的时态和语态。近六年考查频次：时态6年27考，语态6年6考。用所给词的正确形式填空❶(2025河北)JimandIwentcampingwithourparents.Therewe________(teach)mypetcathowtoclap(拍)withhisfeet.❷(2025河北)Iamsureit________(make)abigdifferenceinyourfuturelife.❸(2025河北)Withpiecesofpaperinit，thejug________(call)“GoodThingsJug”．❹(2024河北改编)Jennyisanearlybird.She________(get)upat6：00inthemorning.❺(2024河北改编)I'mexpectingafriend.I'mafraidI________(order)later.❻(2024河北改编)Emmagotexcitedwhenherwriting________(read)asamodelinclass.❼(2024河北改编)Alex________(study)teaculturesincehecametoChinain2010.❽(2023河北改编)I________(go)iceskatingthisSunday.Doyouwanttocome?❾(2023河北改编)Thisbookmustbegreat.Mysister________(read)itfivetimes.❿(2023河北改编)Somestudents________(play)Taijioverthere.Let'sgoandjointhem.⓫(2023河北改编)Breakfast________(provide)everydayforpeopleagedover60forfreeinthisvillage.⓬(2022河北改编)Johniswaitingforme.We________(go)tothebookstoretogether.⓭(2022河北改编)Atthistimeyesterday，I________(take)ascienceexamhere.⓮(2022河北改编)Sorry，I________(make)amistake.Letmecorrectit.⓯(2021河北改编)IsawBobinthegarden.He________(water)flowersthere.⓰(2021河北改编)Youcanborrowthisfilm—surelyyou________(enjoy)watchingit.⓱(2021河北改编)Thesegifts________(make)bychildrenintheirlastsummerholidays.⓳(2021河北改编)William________(write)sixbooks，andallofthemarebestsellers.考点一动词的时态❶一般现在时用法1.现阶段经常性、习惯性的动作2．目前的状态3．客观真理构成1.主语＋动词原形/动词第三人称单数形式＋其他2．主语＋am/is/are＋表语常用时间状语often，always，sometimes，usually，never，everyday，onSundays，twiceayear等示例Wehavefourlessonsinthemorning.我们上午有四节课。Guangzhouisabout2，313kilometersawayfromBeijing.广州离北京约2313千米远。Thesunrisesintheeast.太阳从东方升起。❷一般过去时用法1.过去发生的动作2．过去存在的状态构成1.主语＋动词过去式＋其他2．主语＋was/were＋表语常用时间状语yesterday，threemonthsago，lastweek/year，in1978，inthepast，theotherday，atthattime，justnow等示例HanMeimeiwasintheclassroomamomentago.韩梅梅刚才在教室里。Whendidyoumeethim？你什么时候见到他的？❸一般将来时用法1.将来发生的动作2．将来存在的状态构成1.主语＋助动词will/shall＋动词原形2．主语＋am/is/aregoingto＋动词原形常用时间状语tomorrow，nextweek，intwohours，inthefuture等示例Theywill/aregoingtomeetoutsidetheschoolgatetomorrowafternoon.他们明天下午将在校门外见面。Ifhecomesback，I'lltellhimaboutit.如果他回来，我会把这件事告诉他的。❹现在进行时用法说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作构成主语＋am/is/are＋v.­ing常用时间状语now，look，listen，while/as＋从句等示例Kate'sparentsareworkinginCanadanow.凯特的父母现在正在加拿大工作。Look！Thechildisplayinginthestreet.看！这个孩子正在街上玩耍。❺过去进行时用法过去某一阶段或某一时刻正在进行的动作构成主语＋was/were＋v.­ing常用时间状语atfouryesterdayafternoon，thistimeyesterday，when/while引导的表示过去时间的状语从句等示例Hewasmendinghisbikeatteno'clockyesterday.昨天10点他正在修理他的自行车。Thetwinsweresweepingthefloorwhentheteachercamein.当老师进来时，这对双胞胎正在扫地。❻现在完成时用法1.到现在为止已经完成的动作，但对现在还有影响2．从过去开始延续到现在的动作或状态，并且还可能延续下去构成主语＋have/has＋动词的过去分词常用时间状语already，ever，just，yet，before，theseyears，since1976，forthirtyyears等示例Ihaveneverheardofthatbefore.我以前从来没听说过那件事。Ihavebeenverybusyrecently.我最近一直很忙。Hasthepostmancomeyet？邮递员来了吗？【注意】六种常用时态中应特别注意的用法要点：(1)有些动词没有进行时态：因为进行时态只表示具体的动作过程，不表示状态，因此，表示静止状态的动词be、have、seem等通常不用进行时态。表示感觉、认识或情感的动词，如see、hear、find、understand、know、hope、want、think、like、love等，一般也没有进行时态。例如：Isawblackcloudscoveringthesky.我看见乌云遮住了天空。(不用Iwasseeing)Doyouhaveanymoneywithyou？你身上带钱了吗？(不用Areyouhaving)(2)用进行时表示将来发生的动作：有少数动词可以用现在进行时来表示即将发生的动作，用过去进行时表示在过去预料即将发生的动作，这些动词是指从一个状态或位置转移到另一个状态或位置的过渡性的动态动词，如go、come、leave、arrive、return、start、begin等。例如：MybrotherisleavingforCanadanextweek.我哥哥下周将前往加拿大。SheaskedwhetherTomwasstartingthenextday.她问汤姆是否第二天就要出发。(3)延续性动词与非延续性动词：有些动词表示一个延续的状态，叫延续性动词，如live、study、work、be等；有些动词只能表示一个短暂的动作，叫非延续性动词，如come、go、begin、join等。延续性动词可以和表示一段时间或持续状态的短语连用；非延续性动词一般不和表示一段时间或持续状态的短语连用。例如：他入团三年了。HehasjoinedtheYouthLeagueforthreeyears.(×)HehasjoinedtheYouthLeaguesince2022.(×)HehasbeenamemberoftheYouthLeagueforthreeyears.(√)ItisthreeyearssincehejoinedtheYouthLeague.(√)(4)一般过去时与现在完成时的区别：一般过去时和现在完成时都表示过去发生的事情，但两者的着重点不同。一般过去时只表示过去发生的事情本身，不涉及与现在的关系；现在完成时则强调过去发生的某事对现在造成的影响，主要说明现在的情况。比较下列句子：Whohasopenedthedoor？谁把门打开了？(现在门还开着)Whoopenedthedoor？谁开的门？(指过去，与现在无关，现在门是关着还是开着，没有说明。)havegoneto与havebeento的区别：havegoneto指“到某地去了，现在还在那里”；havebeento表示“去过某地，但现在已离开那里或已经回来”。比较下列句子：HaveyoueverbeentoTokyo？你去过东京吗？—IsLilyinParis？——莉莉在巴黎吗？—No，sheisn't.ShehasgonetoLondon.——不，她不在。她已经到伦敦去了。用所给词的正确形式填空❶Asweknow，Beijing，thecapitalofourcountry，________(lie)inthenorthofChina.❷Aftertheschooltrip，hewastired.Theminutehe________(lie)downonthesofa，hefellasleep.❸Thisterm________(be)overandthesummerholidayiscomingintwomonths.❹Thelightsarestillon.TheBlacks________(plan)whattotaketothepartytomorrowinthenextroom.❺—Whydidn'tyouopenthedoorforme，Tom?—I________(study)fortheexaminmybedroom，soIdidn'theartheknock.❻—WouldyoucareforacupofLongjingtea？Ittastesprettygood.—I________(drink)one.Thankyouallthesame.❼—Wouldyouliketogowithusinourcar?—Thanks.Suzyhasn'tcomeyet.I________(wait)forher.She'lldrivemethere.❽He________(ride)homeafterhehadaquicksupperintherestaurantnearthehospital.❾—CanPeterplaygameswithus，Mrs.Hawking?—Waitaminute.He________(take)ashower.❿—MyfatherandI________(take)alotofphotosatthesameplaceinthepasttenyears.—Thosephotosmustbeyourvaluablememories.考点二动词的语态❶被动语态的构成时态被动语态示例一般现在时am/is/are＋动词的过去分词Theroomiscleaned(byher)everyday.房间每天都(由她)打扫。一般过去时was/were＋动词的过去分词Mycarwasstolenlastnight.我的车昨晚被偷了。一般将来时will/shall(第一人称)＋be＋动词的过去分词Sometreeswillbeplantedthisweek.本周将会种一些树。现在完成时have/hasbeen＋动词的过去分词Thetaskhasbeenfinishedbythem.任务已经被他们完成了。含情态动词情态动词＋be＋动词的过去分词Wastepapershou­ldn'tbethrownhere.废纸不应该被扔在这里。❷主动语态变被动语态的方法【注意】主动语态中有些感官动词(如hear、see、watch、notice等)和使役动词(如make、let等)后用不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语；变为被动语态时，要把动词不定式符号to还原。例如：hear/seesb.dosth.→sb.beheard/seentodosth.makesb.dosth.→sb.bemadetodosth.❸使用被动语态的情况(1)不知道动作的执行者是谁。RiceisgrowninthesouthofChina.中国南方种植水稻。(2)没有必要指出动作的执行者。Smokingisn'tallowedinthegasstation.加油站里不允许吸烟。(3)需要强调和突出动作的承受者。Thenewmachinewasinventedbyayoungworker.这台新机器是一个年轻的工人发明的。(4)句子的主语是物。Manyhouseswerewashedawaybytheflood.许多房屋被洪水冲走了。❹主动结构表示被动意义的情况(1)当open、lock、write、read、sell、clean、wash、cut、burn、drive等词作不及物动词，且它们的主语为物时，可用主动结构表示被动意义。Thiskindofpenwritesverysmoothly.这种钢笔写起来很流畅。(2)look、sound、taste、smell等感官动词用主动结构表示被动意义。Mooncakestasteverydelicious.月饼尝起来很好吃。(3)beworthdoing用主动形式表示被动意义。Thisbookisworthreading.这本书值得一读。(4)“want/need/require＋doing”相当于“want/need/require＋tobedone”，tobedone为动词不定式的被动结构。Yourcarneedswashing.＝Yourcarneedstobewashed.你的汽车需要清洗了。用所给词的正确形式填空❶Today，YinggeDance________(think)ofasanimportantculturaltreasureinourcountry.❷ZhuTingsaysshewillreturntohermotherlandwhenevershe________(need).❸Thedifficultproblem________(solve)bytheexperiencedteacherintheclassyesterday.❹Thenewkindofmobilephoneyouarecrazyabout________(sell)outtheotherday.❺Anewbridge________(build)soon，whichishopedtomaketraveleasierforvillagersinthearea.❻Assoonastheschoolleadersarrive，theguests________(show)aroundthenewbuildings.❼TolearnEnglishwell，studentsshould________(encourage)tospeakEnglishasmuchaspossible.❽Hehardlylistenedortriedhardinclass.Talkingwassomuchfun.Hewantedto________(hear)ratherthanlisten.❾Dr.Morriswasbusythewholeday.Thelastoperation(手术)________(notfinish)untilhalfpasteight.❿—CanyousingthisEnglishsong?—Ofcourse，Ican.It________(teach)manytimesontheradio.Ⅰ.用所给词的正确形式填空❶Thedetectivehascaughtthethiefwho________(steal)therichman'snecklacelastweek.❷Bequiet！I________(discuss)thedetailsofthefashionshowwithTonyonthephone.❸Mathissodifficult！Sofar，I________(finish)doingmanythingstoimprovemymathgrade.❹Iamsurehe________(praise)fordoingsuchagreatjob.Timecanprovemywords.❺OnDecember4，2024，theChineseSpringFestival________(add)totheUNESCO'sIntangibleCulturalHeritage(ICH)listsuccessfully.❻Thefallingbirthrateintheworldhasbecomeabigproblemthatneedsto________(deal)withasquicklyaspossible.❼Manyparentsthinkgoingtoschoolmustbeputfirst，soteenagersshouldn't________(encourage)toworkpart­time.❽You________(expect)tobemoreorganizedinhighschool.Soyoucankeepadiary.❾—Jimisn'tintheclassroom.Whereishenow?—He________(go)tothelibrary.Ⅱ.根据汉语意思完成句子❶去年夏天，我沿着古老的丝绸之路去旅行了一趟。Lastsummer，I________________________alongtheancientSilkRoad.❷如果我们阅读来自不同文化的故事，我们就会更好地了解世界。Ifwereadstoriesfromdifferentcultures，we________________theworldbetter.❸昨天我到家时，妈妈正在为我们下周的旅行做准备。YesterdaywhenIgothome，mymother________________________ourtripnextweek.❹社交媒体已成为一种沟通和信息共享的强大工具。Socialmedia________________apowerfultoolforcommunicationandinformationsharing.❺为了改善学生的健康状况，学校鼓励他们参加不同种类的体育活动。Toimprovestudents'health，they________________________joinindifferentkindsofsports.❻昨天我们学校邀请一位专家做了一场关于历史的讲座。Anexpert________________byourschooltogiveaspeechonhistoryyesterday.❼为了使教室干净整洁，这些垃圾应该被扔掉。Tokeeptheclassroomcleanandtidy，therubbishshould________________________．❽这项科技应该在我们的日常生活中被很好地利用。Thetechnologyshould________________________inourdailylife.Ⅲ.短文填空A(2025廊坊二模改编)Hithere，I'mLinXin！I'ma16­year­oldboyfromChina.Differentfrommanyboysofmyage，mylifeisbusy.I1.________(spend)timeinimprovingmyself.Ipracticetheerhueveryweekend.IliketraditionalChineseinstruments.Andthisismyninthyearofplayingtheerhu.Learningtheskill2.________(help)mebecomeahard­workingperson.Asthesaying3.________(go)，“Nopain，nogain.”IpracticeithardeverydayandnowI'moneofthebestplayersinmycountry.Lastyear，I4.________(perform)inJapan.IwasfamousforplayingMoonlitRiverinSpring.I5.________(visit)morethan10countriessofar.Myshows6.________(welcome)bymanypeople.IhopemoreforeignerscanlearnaboutChineseculturethroughmusic.NowI7.________(prepare)forsomeonlinelessonsandshows.DoyouknowwhyI8.________(do)this？BecauseIwanttosharemyloveoftheerhuandChinesemusicwithyoungpeopleallovertheworld.Mydreamistobethemostfamouserhuplayer.IbelieveI9.________(achieve)mydreaminthefuture.Doyouthinkso?BShanHaiJing，alsoknownasTheClassicofMountainsandRivers，issaidtobeatleast2，200yearsold.ItisaboutcreaturesandgeographyofChinabeforetheQinDynasty.Thewholecollection1.________(include)eighteenparts，talkingaboutmorethan550mountainsand300rivers.Italso2.________(tell)manyinterestingstoriesanddescribeslotsofmythicalcreatures.AfamousstoryinthebookisaboutZhuRong，theGodofFire.He3.________(describe)ashavingabeastlikebodyandahumanface，ridingaroundtheskyontwodragons.Whenhe4.________(fight)withGongGong，theGodofWater，ZhuRongwon.Butafterthefight，thehumanworldcameintocompletedarkness.Thenhe5.________(bring)firefromheaventotheworldandtaughthumanshowtouseit.Thebook6.________(inspire)manypeoplelikeLuXunandJ．K.Rowling.Therearealsomanybooks，films，gamesandartworksmadefromit.Althoughit'snotclearwhowroteit，ShanHaiJingis