专项05介词和介词短语学案 （含答案） 2026年中考人教版英语语法专项复习

专项五介词和介词短语河北中考考情分析分析河北近六年的中考真题可以看出，介词是河北中考的必考点，主要考查介词(短语)辨析和固定搭配。设题形式多为完形填空以及短文填空。预计2026年河北中考中的完形填空和短文填空可能会涉及介词短语和固定搭配的考查。近六年考查频次：介词(短语)辨析6年8考，固定搭配6年2考。用适当的介词填空❶(2025河北改编)Iputsomesmallpiecesofpaperandapennext________thejug.❷(2025河北改编)Our“GoodThingsJug”isfull________love，hopeandhappiness.❸(2024河北)LinMingstoodattheschoolgateandwaited________hissister.❹(2024河北改编)Hurryup，Nancy！Themeetingwillstart________tenminutes.❺(2023河北)Also，heshowsushowtolearn________ourmistakes.❻(2023河北改编)Manythanks________yourgift.Iloveit.❼(2022河北)Sheoftensayshello________mefromherfrontgardenwhenIcomebackhome.❽(2022河北改编)Look！Thefishisswimmingfast________theriver.❾(2021河北)Ihavetwolittlebrothers.They'reverylovely.Ioftenhelpmyparentslook________theminmysparetime.❿(2021河北改编)Ieatrice________beefandpotatoes.It'sdelicious.⓫(2020河北)Wheneverythingwasready，Dadcamebackhome________hisoffice.⓬(2020河北改编)Whenareyouarriving？I'llpickyouup________thestation.考点一时间介词单词用法示例in(1)较长的时间段(如世纪、年代、年、月、季节)(2)较短的时间段(泛指的上午、下午、傍晚、白天等)(3)固定短语中inthe21stcentury在21世纪inJuly在七月inSpring在春天inthemorning/after­noon/evening在上午/下午/晚上intheend最后inclass在课堂上on(1)日期(几月几日)(2)星期、节日(3)特指的某一天的上午、下午、晚上onSeptember1st在9月1日onMonday在周一onNationalDay在国庆节onSaturdaymorning在周六上午at(1)具体时间点前(2)固定短语中atoneo'clock在1点atnoon在中午attheageofsix在六岁时during在……期间duringthesummerholiday在暑假期间duringthose20days在那20天里before在……之前Imustfinishalltheworkbeforeteno'clock.我必须在10点前完成所有的工作。after(在……之后)后接时间点，常用于将来时Iwillgotoschoolafterseveno'clock.我将在7点之后去上学。后接以过去为起点的时间段，多用于过去时UncleTomfinishedschoolafterthreeyears.汤姆叔叔三年后毕业了。by(到……为止)by＋时间点(表示过去，常用于过去完成时)By2019，Ihadworkedtherefortenyears.到2019年为止，我已经在那里工作10年了。by＋时间点(表示将来，常用于将来完成时)Bytheendofthisterm，Iwillhavelearned1，000Englishwords.到这个学期结束时，我将学完1000个英语单词。until/till(直到……)表示动作持续到某一时间点Wemustworkhereuntil10o'clock.我们必须在这儿工作到10点钟。用适当的介词填空❶TheastronautsofShenzhou­15completedthethirdspacewalk________March30，2023.❷Mysisteriscleverandshecouldreadandwrite________theageof4.❸ImadefriendswithsomeAmericans________mystayinNewYork.❹________theeveningoftheMid­AutumnFestival，peopleusuallyeatmooncakesandenjoythemoon.❺________spring，thedaysareoftenwindyandbright.It'saperfecttimetoflyakite.考点二方位介词❶in、on、at、by和along的用法介词用法示例in表示“在……里”；表示地点时，多指较大的地方HelivesinShanghai.他住在上海。on意为“在……之上”，表示与物体的表面有接触TheEnglishbookisonthedesk.英语书在桌子上。at表示地点时，多指较小的地方或某一地点的具体位置WeliveatNo.87BeijingRoad.我们住在北京路87号。by表示“靠近……，在……旁边”Thetelephoneisbythewindow.电话在窗户旁边。along表示“沿着；靠着……边”Theywalkedslowlyalongtheroad.他们沿公路慢慢走。❷above、over、under和below的用法介词用法示例above和below指在物体上方或下方，不与其表面接触，但不一定是正上方或正下方，above和below是反义词Thebirdisflyingabovemyhead.那只鸟在我头顶上飞。Icouldhearvoicesinthecourtyardbelowmywindow.我能听到窗户下面的院子里说话的声音。over和under指正上方或下方，与物体之间有一定的空间。over与under相对。over还可表示一物被另一物覆盖Thebridgeovertheriverhasalonghistory.河上的这座桥历史悠久。Writeyournameunderyourpicture.在你的照片下面写上名字。❸across、through和past的用法介词用法示例across表示从表面穿过，动作是在某一物体的表面进行的Tomisswimmingacrosstheriver.汤姆正游过那条河。through表示从某一空间内穿过，强调动作在某一物体的内部进行Shesmiledathimashewalkedthroughthedoor.他从门口进来时，她朝他笑了笑。past强调从某一物体的一旁经过Shewavedasshedrovepastus.她开车从我们身旁经过的时候挥了挥手。❹between和among的用法介词用法示例between用于两者之间或者多者以上的两两之间，常用于结构“between…and…”IsatdownbetweenSarahandJane.我坐在萨拉和简之间。among用于三者或三者以上之间Shewastheeldestamongthem.她是他们当中年纪最大的。用适当的介词填空❶Mygrandparentsliveinahouse________thetreestoescapethenoiseofthecity.❷Thecutebirdflewintoourkitchen________thewindowjustnow.❸Ilooked________theshelvesforthebookIneededlastnight.Finally，Igotit.❹ShirleyisstillwaitingforherflighttoNewYorkCity________theairport.❺—Excuseme，Mr.Li.WhereistheDiaoyuIsland?—Letmeshowyou________themap.It's________theeastofChina.考点三方式介词介词用法示例with后跟具体的工具，指“借助于；用”Ioftendomyhomeworkwithapen.我经常用钢笔写家庭作业。in表示“用”，后跟表示语言、墨水、颜色、颜料等的名词，名词前不加冠词；表示形式、形状、安排或数量CanyousayitinEnglish？你能用英语说它吗？Theysatinrows.他们一排一排地坐着。by表示用某种方式或手段，后跟名词或动名词，名词前不加冠词Thispairofshoesismadebyhand.这双鞋是手工制作的。on表示借助或通过某一器械、机器，名词前一般加冠词theIcoulddoallmyworkonthecomputer.我能在电脑上完成所有的工作。【注意】用by、in与on表示交通方式的区别：用by时，交通工具前不加任何限定词；用on或in时，交通工具前加限定词。如：bybike＝onabike；bycar＝inacar。用适当的介词填空❶DoyoulearnEnglishgrammar________takingnotesanddoingexercises?❷—Excuseme.Howdoesthemachinework?—Itruns________electricity.❸—Look！Peteriswriting________hislefthand.—Wow，cool!❹Studentshereoftendophysicsexperiments________smallgroups.考点四其他常用介词介词用法示例with带；有；具有；和IwillgotoBeijingwithmybrother.我将和我哥哥一起去北京。without没有；缺乏；不(做某事)Theteacherleftwithoutsayinganything.老师什么也没说就离开了。for给；对；供；达(表示动作或情况持续的时间)Hereisagiftforyou.这是给你的礼物。against倚；碰；撞；对抗；和……竞争；反对Therainisbeatingagainstthewindows.雨水正拍打着窗户。Ourteamwillplayagainstyoursthisafternoon.我们队今天下午将和你们队对阵。like像；例如；像……一样；……怎么样WhatisyournewEnglishteacherlike？你的新英语老师是个什么样的人？than比Mycupisbiggerthanyours.我的杯子比你的杯子大。from来自(表示来源)；从(表示位置或观点)IcomefromasmalltowninGuangxi.我来自广西的一个小镇。about关于Iwanttoknowmoreaboutyourlifeinthatcountry.我想了解更多你在那个国家的生活。on关于amovieonanimals一部关于动物的电影as作为；以……身份Wehaveajobforyouasawaiter.我们有一份服务员的工作提供给你。except除……之外MyfatherworkseverydayexceptSundays.我爸爸除了周日，每天都上班。besides除了……之外(还有)Besidesfootball，Ilikebasketball.除了足球，我也喜欢篮球。including包括Everyonecangotothatparty，includingyou.包括你在内的所有人都可以参加那个派对。of属于(某人或某物)；关于(某人或某物)thewindowoftheroom房间的窗户aphotoofmydog一张我的狗的照片in穿着；戴着Lilyisinabeautifuldress.莉莉穿着一条漂亮的裙子。past晚于；在……之后aquarterpastten十点十五分through以；凭借Hegotwhathewantedthroughhardwork.他通过努力工作得到了他想要的东西。从方框中选择合适的介词填空except，besides，for，past，through，like，without，against❶Weshouldfight________badhabitslikestayinguplate.❷Youcan'tfinishtheEnglishexam________carefulreading.❸Allthestudentsinourclasswenttothepark________Tom，whowasill.❹WhenIwalked________thelibrary，Isawmymathteacherreadingabook.❺________English，wealsoneedtolearnChineseandmathwellfortheexam.❻Wecanimproveourwritingskills________keepingadiaryeveryday.❼MyEnglishteacheriskind，________awarm­heartedeldersistertous.❽Ipracticeplayingthepiano________halfanhoureverydayforthecomingmusiccompetition.考点五介词短语及固定搭配❶介词与名词的常用搭配in＋名词inEnglish用英语insurprise惊讶地indanger处于危险中inpublic公开地inbed躺在床上inorder有序的at＋名词atnight在夜晚atpresent目前atschool在学校atwork在工作on＋名词onshow在展出onduty值日，值班onvacation在度假onfire着火of＋名词ofimportance重要ofvalue有价值under＋名词undercontrol在控制中to＋名词toone'ssurprise令某人惊讶的是by＋名词byhand手工bybike骑自行车with＋名词withpleasure愉快地outof＋名词outofsight看不见outofdanger脱离危险名词＋介词theanswerto………的答案thekeyto………的钥匙❷介词与动词的常用搭配动词＋infillin填入handin上交动词＋onputon穿上geton上(车/飞机/船等)动词＋atlaughat嘲笑shoutat冲……大叫lookat看knockat敲动词＋tolistento听getto到达writeto给……写信动词＋ofhearof听说thinkof认为动词＋forlookfor寻找askfor请求leavefor前往动词＋offgetoff下(车/飞机/船等)putoff推迟动词＋abouttalkabout谈论worryabout担忧动词＋fromlearnfrom向……学习hearfrom收到……的来信/来电动词＋withtalkwith和……谈话dealwith处理动词＋afterlookafter照顾❸介词与形容词的常用搭配形容词＋inbeinterestedin对……感兴趣bepoorin缺乏形容词＋atbegoodat擅长形容词＋ofbeafraidof害怕befullof充满beproudof为……感到骄傲形容词＋tobesimilarto与……相似becloseto与……接近形容词＋frombedifferentfrom与……不同befreefrom免于形容词＋aboutbeworriedabout对……感到担心形容词＋withbestrictwith对……严格bebusywith忙于形容词＋forbefamousfor因……而著名begoodfor对……有好处用适当的介词填空❶Thanks________freeeducation，lotsofpoorchildreninthemountainareascangobacktoschool.❷Healthyeatingtogether________regularexerciseisthebestwaytokeepfit.❸Manywildanimalsare________dangerandit'stimeforustodowhateverwecantoprotectthem.❹Everyjobhasaninfluence________thefutureoftheworld.❺—Ithinkwashinghandseverydayisgood________ourhealth.—Yes，Iagree________you.Ⅰ.根据句意，用适当的介词填空❶Ioftenbuyschoolthings________mywayhome.❷Theman________blueismyuncle.❸Thelocalcommunitycenterisopen________MondaytoSaturday.❹Thereisalowbrickwall________thegardenandthefield.❺Sincetheoldmanmadethedecisiontotravel________theworld，hehasnevergivenitup.❻Myfamilyoftengoestotheseaside________vacationbecausewealllovethesoundofwaves.❼Thesmallvillageisrich________freshvegetablesandfruitsthataregrownbylocalfarmers.❽Wecanlearnalot________differentculturesthroughreadingbooksfromallovertheworld.❾MybestfriendandIoftentalkaboutourdreams________classes，andwealwaysencourageeachother.❿Manychildrenimprovetheirlifeskills________helpingdohouseworkeveryday.Ⅱ.根据汉语意思完成句子❶我真的什么都看不见。他的头挡住了我的视线。Ireallycan'tseeanything.Hisheadis________________________ofmyview.❷世界上许多野生动物因为人类的行为而处于危险之中。Manywildanimalsintheworldare________________becauseofhumanactivities.❸妈妈，我今晚可以晚睡吗？毕竟，我明天不必去上学。Mom，canIstayuplatetonight？________________，Ineedn'tgotoschooltomorrow.❹多亏了我们的英语老师，我们班所有的学生在考试中都取得了好成绩。________________ourEnglishteacher，allthestudentsinourclassgotgoodgradesintheexam.❺你应该自己完成这项作业。Youshouldfinishthehomework________________________.❻他工作极其努力，这就是他成功的关键。Heworksextremelyhardandthereinlies________________________hissuccess.❼布朗先生是一位对所有学生都很严格的老师。Mr.Brownisateacherwho________________________allhisstudents.❽他关掉电视，穿上外套，走了出去。He________________thetelevision，________________hiscoat，andwalkedout.Ⅲ.根据短文内容，用适当的介词填空AAvideoseriesnamedEscapefromtheBritishMuseumwasreleased(发布)in2023.Itcausedaheateddiscussion1.________China'ssocialmedia.DirectedbytwoChinesevloggers，thethree­episodeseriestellsthestoryofhowaChineseculturalrelic(遗迹)escapes2.________theBritishMuseumandfindsitswaybacktoChina.Inthevideoseries，thefemalevloggerplaystherole3.________anancientChinesejadeteapot(玉茶壶)，whilehermalepartnerisajournalistwhohelpstheteapotreturntoChina.Thevideoserieswasinspired4.________anetizenwhosuggestedmakingavideoinmemoryoftheordeal(严峻的考验)ofChineseculturalrelicsreturninghomefromtheUKtocelebratetheChineseLunarNewYear.Thestoryisbased5.________historicfactsandaimstodrawattentiontotheChineseculturalrelicsheldabroad.Somenetizenshumorouslyremarked(评论)thestorythatthetreasures6.________theBritishMuseummustbefeeling“homesick”．Whataneducationalandcreativestory!Itisbelievedthatmoregreatmicro­dramaslikeEscapefromtheBritishMuseumareworthlookingforward7.________andtheywillbecomebetterandbetter.BIfIaskedyoutopictureaschoolbuilding，whatwouldcometomind？Maybebrightyelloworbluebrickwalls？Orrowsofclassrooms1.________largewindows？Ibelieveyouwillchangeyourmindcompletelyafterreadingthisarticle2.________HuizhenHighSchoolinNingbo，Zhejiang.Theschoollooks3.________a“floatingforest”．Theclassroomsarehung4.________differentcornersofthis“forest”．Therearealsotreehouseswherestudentscantakeabreak5.________theirstressfulstudies.Everythingatschool—fromthetheatreandlibrarytothelabsandstores—isconnectedbyalongwalkway.Studentsaresurrounded(环绕)bytreesastheywalk6.________itszigzag(之字形)roads.MaDiisone7.________theschool'sdesigners.Whileworkingo