专项12　复合句 学案 （含答案） 2025年中考人教版英语语法专项复习

专项十二复合句河北中考考情分析分析河北近六年的中考真题可以看出,宾语从句是每年中考的必考点之一。单项选择对宾语从句的考查侧重其引导词、语序和时态,一般都会涉及其中至少两个考点。从命题形式来看,不再局限于单项选择、词语运用和连词成句,也会涉及其他考点,这提醒我们要熟练掌握宾语从句的构成及其用法。预计2025年河北中考可能会在短文填空中考查宾语从句。定语从句在2012年之前为单项选择的必考点,但《义务教育英语课程标准》中明确规定只要求学生理解定语从句。河北中考通常是在语篇阅读中渗透对定语从句的考查。因此,预计2025年河北中考对定语从句的考查仍将在语篇阅读中渗透,掌握关系词的用法能够降低语篇阅读的难度。河北中考对状语从句的考查都会与从属连词相结合,主要在状语从句中考查从属连词的辨析及应用,对这一考点可结合专项六(考点二从属连词)进行复习。近六年宾语从句的考查频次及分值如下表:考查点年份题号考查角度分值宾语从句202439引导词1分202385连词成句1分202474引导词1分85连词成句1分202340引导词1分202485连词成句1分Ⅰ.单项选择❶(2024·河北)Toknowthemountaintoplookslike,youneedtoreachit.

A.what B.whenC.where D.which❷(2023·河北)Mycousinwilldrivemetoschooltoday,butIdon’tknow.

A.whathe’lldoB.wherehe’llgoC.whenwe’llleaveD.whywe’llgothereⅡ.根据句意,填入一个适当的单词(2024·河北)Andsheoftenaskspeopleshecandoforthem.

Ⅲ.连词成句(2024·河北)can’t,we,it,climbtrees,says.

考点一宾语从句❶在复合句中充当宾语的从句称为宾语从句,以下为宾语从句的三大考点要素用法示例连接词that本身无词义,在从句中不作成分,只起连接作用,在口语中that可省略Hesaid(that)hewouldgototheseaside.他说他要去海边。if或whether意为“是否”,不作句子成分,不可省略,句尾有ornot时用whetherHehasn’tdecidedifhe’llgoonatriptoZhejiang.他还没决定是否去浙江旅行。连接代词(what/who/whose/whom/which等)在从句中作一定成分,如主语、宾语、定语等Doyouknowwhoheis?你知道他是谁吗?连接副词(where/when/why/how等)在从句中作状语SheaskedmewhereIboughtthebook.她问我在哪里买的这本书。时态需要性原则:主句为一般现在时、一般将来时或现在完成时,则宾语从句根据实际情况使用所需要的时态Idon’tknowwhenhewillcomeback.我不知道他将何时回来。呼应性原则:主句为一般过去时,则宾语从句一般与主句的时态保持一致Thechildrendidn’tknowwhohewas.孩子们不知道他是谁。特殊性原则:如果宾语从句表示的是客观真理和普遍事实,则不管主句是什么时态,从句都用一般现在时Theteachersaidthattheearthgoesroundthesun.老师说地球绕着太阳转。语序从句用陈述语序,即“主语+谓语+其他”DoyouknowwhereIcangetsomepostcards?你知道我能从哪里得到一些明信片吗?❷疑问词+动词不定式(1)动词不定式与疑问词连用可用作主语、宾语或表语。例如:Wheretogotomorrowhasn’tbeendecidedyet.明天到什么地方去还没定下来。(作主语)IaskedhimwhentoleaveBeijing.我问他什么时候离开北京。(作宾语)Myquestionishowtogetthere.我的问题是如何到达那里。(作表语)(2)“疑问词+动词不定式”作宾语时可以转化为宾语从句。例如:CanyoutellmewheretobuyamapofChina?=CanyoutellmewhereIcanbuyamapofChina?你能告诉我在哪里能买到中国地图吗?❸否定前移当主句的主语为第一人称,谓语动词是think、believe、suppose等时,要将宾语从句的否定词转移到前面的主句中,即主句的谓语动词用否定形式,而宾语从句的谓语动词用肯定形式。例如:Idon’tthinkhewillcomewithyou.我认为他不会和你一起来。Ⅰ.根据句意,填入一个适当的单词❶—IwonderPetercametothetheatrelastnight.

—Hisfatherdrovehimthere.❷—Excuseme,doyouknowIcangetadictionary?

—Sure.Gotothesecondfloor.❸Thisfamoussaying“WhenIwalkalongwithtwoothers,theymayservemeasmyteachers.”tellsuswecanlearnfrom.

❹—DoyouremembertheJiefangBridgeopened?

—Sure.OntheeveningofMayDay.❺Ican’twaittoknowisseniorhighschoollifelike.Maybeitisaworldfullofchallenges.

❻Languagelearningitselfisn’tthatdifficult.Howmuchyoudevotedecidesyoucanlearnitwell.

Ⅱ.根据汉语意思完成句子❶你能告诉我你最近是否去过湖北吗?Canyoutellme

Hubeirecently?❷我想知道他明天是否会来。Iwondertomorrow.

❸汤姆捡起了两个塑料袋,问袋子是谁的。Tompickeduptwoplasticbagsand.

❹你的自行车很漂亮。你能告诉我你在哪儿买的吗?Yourbicycleissonice.Couldyoutellme?

❺我不知道应该给我妹妹买什么。Idon’tknowformysister.

❻汤姆没有认真听,所以他没有听见老师说什么。Tomwasnotlisteningcarefully,sohefailedtohear.考点二定语从句❶定义在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。两个句子之间通过关系代词(that,which,who,whom,whose)或关系副词(when,where,why)连接起来,定语从句前被修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词。❷关系代词和关系副词的用法关系词用法示例关系代词which指物,在从句中充当主语或宾语;作主语时不可省略,作宾语时可以省略Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.足球是大多数男孩都喜欢的运动。that可指物,也可指人,在从句中充当主语或宾语;在从句中作主语时不可省略,作宾语时可以省略Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.飞机是一个能飞的机器。(作主语,不可省略)Thehomework(that)Ifinishedlastnightwasleftathome.我昨晚写完的作业落在家里了。(作宾语,可省略)who指人,在从句中充当主语或宾语;作主语时不可省略,作宾语时可以省略TheboywhoisstandingoverthereisTom.站在那边的男孩是汤姆。whom指人,在从句中充当宾语,可以省略,也可以用who替代ThisisourEnglishteacherwhom/whoeverybodylikes.这是我们大家都喜欢的英语老师。whose可指物,也可指人,在从句中充当定语Thisismydeskmatewhosefatherworksinafactory.这是我的同桌,其父亲在一家工厂工作。关系副词when指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语WewillneverforgetthedayswhenwestayedwithMr.Smith.我们永远不会忘记和史密斯先生在一起的日子。where指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语Thisistheclassroomwherewestudy.这是我们学习的教室。why指原因,在定语从句中作原因状语ThisisthereasonwhyIdidn’tattendthemeetingyesterday.这就是我昨天没有参加会议的原因。❸关系代词中只能用that的情况(1)当先行词是all、none、little、much、some、everything、anything、nothing等不定代词或被其修饰时。如:Pleasegeteverythingthatweneedready.请准备好我们需要的一切。(2)当先行词被theonly、thevery、thelast、thesame等修饰时。如:HeistheonlypersonthatIwanttosee.他是我唯一想见的人。(3)当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。如:ThisisthemostinterestingbookthatIhaveeverread.这是我读过的最有趣的书。(4)当先行词既有人又有物时。如:Theytalkedaboutthepeopleandthingsthattheyrememberedinschool.他们谈论着他们在学校记得的人和事。(5)当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时,为避免重复应用that。如:Whoisthepersonthatisstandingatthegate?那个站在门口的人是谁?❹关系代词中不能用that的情况(1)介词之后不能用that。如:Thisisthefactoryinwhichweonceworked.这就是我们曾经工作过的工厂。(2)当先行词本身为that/those时。如:Youmustfindoutthosewhichmaybeignoredbyus.你必须找到那些可能被我们忽视的东西。Ⅰ.用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空❶—Couldyoutellmewhatkindofmoviesyoulikebest?—Umm...Ilikethemoviesmakemelaugh.

❷Mrs.WangisanEnglishteachermakesherclasslively.❸ThisisthebestTVsetismadeinChina.

❹IwillneverforgettheplaceIhavelivedforfiveyears.

Ⅱ.按要求改写句子❶Hegavemeabookyesterday.Thebookisveryinteresting.(合并为一句)Thebooktomebyhimyesterdayisveryinteresting.

❷Lindaisakindgirl.Sheisoftenreadytohelpothers.(合并为一句)Lindaisakindgirloftenreadytohelpothers.

❸Wealllikethechildren.Thechildrenhavegoodmanners.(合并为一句)Wealllikethechildrengoodmanners.Ⅰ.用适当的引导词填空❶Weshouldrememberthoselosttheirlivesforourcountry.

❷Wehaven’tdecidedwewillkeepapet.

❸I’llneverforgettheplacewevisitedtogetherlastyear.

❹YesterdayMr.Greenwenttohishometownandvisitedtheoldhousehewasbornin.

❺HetalkedtomeaboutthethingsandpeoplehecameacrossinChina.

❻ThemostimportantthingweshouldpayattentiontoisthefirstthingIhavesaid.

❼Whatcanwedofortheleft-behindchildreninthevillageneedhelp?

Ⅱ.根据汉语意思完成句子❶我不知道我的梦想已经成了现实。Idon’tknowmydreamalready.

❷打扰一下,请问书店怎么走?Excuseme,couldyoutellmetothebookshop?

❸你能告诉我们怎样和外国人开始对话吗?Couldyoutellusstartaconversationwithaforeigner?

❹这个教育节目试图展示生活中重要的事情。Theeducationalprogramtriestoshowthethingsinlife.

❺他们经常想知道为什么没有光就没有树生存。Theyoftenwondernotreeslivingwithoutlight.

Ⅲ.短文填空Artificial(人工的)intelligence,orAI,isnotjustaboutwritingtextsormakingpicturesanymore.OpenAIhascreatedanewtoolcalledSorarecently.Withjustasentence,Soracanmakeyourwordsturnintoavideo.Thevideolooksgoodandcloselyfollow1.youwantittoshow.Soraisbetterthanmanyothertools2.dosimilarthings.Itcanmakevideos3.fitdifferentscreens,likebigTVsorthescreensonourphones.What’sreallycoolaboutSoraisthatitcanshowplaceswithpeople,movementsandbackgroundsindetail(详细).Soraknows4.thingsshouldlookintherealworld.Forexample,5.awomanwalksbythewater,youcanseeherreflectionchange.Soraworkssowell6.ithasahelpernamedChatGPT.ChatGPTcanturnsimplesentencesintodetailedinstructions,makingthevideosmoreaccurate(精准的)towhatpeoplewant.7.Soraisn’tperfect.Itmightgetconfusedwithcomplexmovementsorhowthingschangeafteranaction.Like,ifsomeonebitesacookieinavideo,thecookiemightnotlookright.Soramightalsomixupleftandrightorgettheorderofeventswrong.ThismighthappenbecauseSoralearnsaboutvideospiecebypieceanddoesn’talwaysunderstand8.theyfittogether.Rightnow,Soraisstillbeingtested.OpenAIisaskingpeople9.knowalotaboutInternetsafetytotryandfindproblemswithSora.They’vealsoletsomeartistsandmoviemakerstrySora10.theycangiveadviceonhowtoimproveit.

【详解答案】河北中考·真题体验Ⅰ.1.A解析:句意:要想知道山顶是什么样子,你需要爬上去。what“什么”;when“什么时候”;wher