2026生成式AI在医疗领域的变革性力量研究报告（英文版）

Thetransformativepower

of

GenAIinhealthcareJanuary2026Tableof

contents01

Anoverview

0402OpportunitiesintheIndianhealthcaresystem0603BuildingaholisticGenAIecosystem2604RegulatoryframeworksaroundGenAI3205NavigatingriskswhiledeployingGenAI3406

Wayforward:DevelopingawinningecosysteminIndia40Howdidwegethere?Gradually,then

suddenlyAgenticAIevolvedasanatural

progression

ofGenAI,shiftingfrom

passivecontentcreationtoactivelymakingdecisionsandcompletingtasksonits

own.sawtheemergence

ofsmarttransformersforefficientpower

systems,Restricted

BoltzmannMachine(RBM):

RBMsstartedbeing

usedto

detectvariousdiseasessuchasdiabetic

retinopathyandclassificationof

braindiseasesby

couplingthemwithgenerativeadversarialnetworks.transformerarchitecturesDeeplearning

revolution:Theintroduction

ofAlexNetdemonstratedthatdeepCNNscouldoutperformtraditionalmethods

in

imageclassificationtasks.3recurrentneural

network

(RNNs):

LeNet-5,developed

byYann

LeCun,

becameasignificantModernneural

network:Thebackpropagationalgorithmwaspopularised,enablingmulti-layer

networkstolearn

complex

patterns.Neocognitron

isanearlyversionofconvolutionalneuralnetworks

(CNNs).1,2,3,4Frank

Rosenblatt,TheCreatorofthe

Perceptron

in

1957AnoverviewEvolutionofgenerativeartificialintelligence

(GenAI)GenAI

is

a

subset

ofAI

that

specialises

in

creating

novel

human-like

outputs.It

prioritises

advancedlearning

approaches

andversatility,blurring

the

lines

between

human

and

machine-generated

content.Capabilities•

Search,analysis,prediction•

Automated

summarisation

andaugmentation•

Conversation•

Mathematical

reasoning•

Chain-of-thought

capabilitiesKeychallenges•

Ascertaining

the

rationalebehind

the

system,s‘hallucinations,•

Ethical

responsibilities

andregulatoryrequirements•

ConcernsaboutprivacyandsurveillanceBenefits•

Knowledgemanagement•

Productivityandefficiencygains•

Accelerated

innovation•

Accessibilityandpersonalisationof

care•

Data-drivendecisionmakingmultimodalmodels

likeVision

Transformer(ViT)forintegratedtextand

image

processing,andefficiency

enhancementsthroughpruningandquantisation.Emergenceof

largelanguagemodels

(LLMs):

Thedevelopmentof01ledtothecreationof

LLMslike

BERT,which

excel

innatural

languageprocessing

(NLP)tasks.4Riseof

CNNs

andEarlyconcepts:ThePerceptron,developed

byFrank

Rosenblatt

in

1957,

wasoneofthe

first

neural

networkmodelscapable

of

learningfromdata.1The

transformative

power

of

GenAI

in

healthcare

PwC4Enhancedtransformercapabilities:ThisyearmilestoneforCNNs

in

medical

imaging.21943–19571990s1980s20252024202320182012Improvedcomprehension:Thenew-agealgorithmshavethepotentialtoovercomethe

challengesposedbythe

earlier

generation

of

modelsintermsofaccuracy

across

datasets

aswellastheirdiagnosticcapabilities.Complexclinicalscenarios:The

latestmodelsspecialisein

multi-steprationalising,

allowingthemtogiveaccurateresponsesconsistently.Thiscapabilityhelps

humanstakeholders(doctors,nurses,

medicalstaff)

leverageGenAItomake

informed

choicesandimprovetheirabilitytodiagnose

complex

clinicalconditionsmoreefficiently

andeffectively.Increasedcontextualawareness:GenAImodelscanprovidea

complete

backgroundofapatient’s

medical

history,

includingdiagnoses,symptomsandpast

allergies/medicationsbycollectingthis

informationfrompatientsvia

interactiveforms/questionnaires.This

informationcanbe

used

toprovideacomprehensive

pre-visitsummary

fordoctors,resulting

in

increased

patientengagementandmore

individualisedcare.Clinicaldataaggregation:Automatingdataaggregationfromhistorical/legacymedicalrecordstocreate

a

longitudinalpatientrecordreducesthe

administrative

burdenonhealthcare

providers,allowing

themtodevotemoretimeto

patient

care.Healthtrendanalyses:

Newermodelscanhelphealthcare

providers

understand

diseasetrendsandrespond

proactively,resultingin

betteroutcomes

atthepopulationlevelandenablingthemto

cater

tovariouspublic

health

requirements.PotentialimpactofGenAI

across

businessfunctions5•

Market:USD8.7trillion

market

by2032•

CAGR:23.56%for2024–2030•

Healthcare:USD4.2billion

by2030PotentialgrowthofGenAIacross

sectorsNo

impact6%Healthcare27%IT/dataandanalytics15%FinancialLegalHRSources:•

PwC,

‘Understandingthe

impactofGenAIonthe

Indianhealthcare

ecosystem’•

Surveyconductedby

PwC

in2024IndianGenAI

landscape6Totalearnings+

investmentsUSD800million250

startupsGenAIin

healthcare5Precedence

Research,GenerativeAI

Inhealthcaremarketsize,share,

andtrends

2024

to

20346NASSCOM,

India’sgenerativeAIstartuplandscapeThe

transformative

power

of

GenAI

in

healthcare

PwC5SmarterhealthcarewithGenAI30%15%7%PublichealthcarePrivatehealthcareproviders•

Disease

surveillance

and

outbreak

prediction•

Patient

and

population

education•

Population

health

management•

Optimising

vaccination

and

immunisation

programmes•Clinicaldecisionsupportsystem•

Discharge

summary

generation•

Wellness

(self-care/corporate

wellness)•

Mental

health•

Medico-legal

assistance•

Chronic

disease/lifestyle

managementTosummarise,GenAIhasthecapabilitytoimproveprovider

productivity

to

a

large

extent.It

has

the

potential

to

cut

down

on

manualeffort

and

lower

costs.GenAI

can

also

improveclinicaloutcomesthroughearly/betterdiagnosis,

personalisedtreatmentplansandproactivepatienteducation

for

self-care

protocols.It

can

help

with

generating

medical

content,images

as

well

as

videos

to

streamline

healthcarecommunicationamongstdifferentstakeholdersinthe

journey.Apart

from

routine

data

collection

and

respondingto

general

inquiries,GenAI-enabled

chatbots

canhelpwithpatientinquiries,appointmentschedulingandmanagement.Increasedproductivity•

Generate

medical

content,images

and

videos

tostreamlinehealthcarecommunication.•

Manage

patient

queries,appointment

booking,

routinedatacollectionandgeneralinquiries.•Automate

routine

healthcare

tasks

such

as

patientdatacollectionanddocumentsummarisation.Improvinghealthcareoutcomes•Individualisedtreatmentplans:GenAIcreatespreciseandefficienttailoredtherapiesbyanalysingalarge

amount

of

patient

data,such

as

medical

historyandlongitudinalhealthrecords.•Automatedpatientcharting:GenAIcanstreamlineand

generate

the

content

of

a

patient’s

chart,minimisingthemanualeffortsof

healthcareproviders.•

Health

avatar:An

AI-powered

digital

twin

can

be

usedto

capture

the

patient’s

comprehensive

health

status.OpportunitiesintheIndianhealthcaresystemPotentialofGenAI:Clinicaloutcomesand

productivityGenAI

holds

immense

potential

to

transform

the

current

healthcare

system

by

supporting

improved

decision

making

andstreamlining

workflows

while

also

reducing

the

administrative

burden.Besides,it

empowers

healthcare

providers

to

delivermoreefficientandtailoredpatientcare.02The

transformative

power

of

GenAI

in

healthcare

PwC6HealthcarepayersGenAIcanhaveasignificantroleindesigningthehealth

financingpolicyof

acountryandachievingUniversalHealthCoverage(SDGTarget3.8)Designinghealthfinancingpolicy:Collatingandanalysing

thevastamountof

healthspenddatacomingfromdifferentstakeholders

(e.g.Insurance

Regulatory

and

DevelopmentAuthority

of

India

[IRDAI],National

Health

Accounts,statebudgets,National

Health

Mission

[NHM])Developingtoolstostreamlinethehealthcarefinancingprocesses:Thiswouldinvolveconstructingspecificdataintegration

portals,encompassing

decision

support

systems.These

systems

would

in

turn

assist

stakeholders

in

analysingthepatternsofschemeutilisationandbenefitpackagesbyconsolidatinginformationfromaspectrumof

insuranceschemes,thereby

helping

to

gauge

practical

insights

for

policy

alignment.For

instance,GenAI-powered

analytical

tools

couldbeusedforformulatingthecentralisedbeneficiarytrackingsystems.This

would

help

in

efficiently

figuring

out

schemeutilisation

trends

or

data

on

gaps

in

scheme

coverage

fromlargedatasets.Executingpolicyroadmaps:UsingGenAItoolstoidentify

beneficiariesviasociodemographicvariablescanhelpinreducing

the

administrative

burden,improving

utilisationofhealthcareandclaimsmanagementservices,designcompliance

tracking

dashboards,and

resolving

queries.India’s‘epidemiologicaltransition’journeyhaslagged

behinditseconomictransition(incompletepublichealthagenda)In

the

last

few

decades,India

has

experienced

significanteconomic

growth.However,it

has

not

been

able

to

achieve

asubstantial

shift

in

its

epidemiological

profile.As

a

result,theburdenof

communicable,neonatal,maternalandnutritionaldiseases

continues

to

remain

high

in

the

country,indicatinga

wide

gap

between

economic

prowess

and

effectiveness

inadvancing

the

public

health

initiatives

to

curb

basic

publichealthcareissues.Percentageburdenofcommunicable,maternal,neonatal,

infectiousand

nutritional

diseases80706050403020100NigeriaAlthoughtherehas

beensignificanteconomicdevelopmentsince

1990,theburdenofcommunicableand

infectiousdiseasesremains

high.PakistanUnitedStatesBrazil02004006008001,0001,2001,4001,6001,8002,0002,2002,4002,6002,80021,400GDPin2019

(USD

billion)Source:World

Bankdata,Global

Burdenof

DiseaseStudy2019

(GBD2019)

results,

PwC

analysisNote:The

bubblearearepresentsacountry’stotal

burdenof

disease. The

transformative

power

of

GenAI

in

healthcare

PwC7Indiaisstuck

inan

epidemiological

transitionIndia

(2019)India

(1990)FranceChinaDALY(inmillion)duetocommunicable,maternal,

neonatal,

infectious

and

nutritional

diseases*Disability-adjusted

life

yearsSource:GBD2019results,

PwC

analysisNote:The

bubblearearepresentsacountry’stotal

burdenof

disease.EvenatanannualGDPgrowthrateof

8–12%,

Indiawill

take

another

25–35yearstoreducethecommunicableburdento6%(China’scurrent

level).Dualburden

ofdiseaseChinaIndiaUnitedstatesGDPpercapita

(current

USD)Source:GBD2019results,World

Bankdata,

PwC

analysisIndiahasoneofthehighest

dual

burdens

of

disease:DALY*(inmillion)dueto

non-communicablediseasesAssumingaGDPgrowth

rateof

8–12%,

India

willtakeanother~25–35yearstoreduce

itscommunicablediseaseburdento6%of

itsoveralldiseaseburden(China’s

current

level) The

transformative

power

of

GenAI

in

healthcare

PwC8Needfor

newapproachesandinterventionstoreducethistimeframePotentialof

GenAI010,00020,00030,00040,00050,00060,00070,00080,00090,00080%70%60%50%40%30%20%10%0%0102030405060708090100110120130140150160170Note:The

bubblearearepresentsacountry’stotal

burdenof

disease.400350300250200150100500PakistanNigeriaPercentageburdenofcommunicableandinfectiousdiseasesIndonesiaDALYTotackletheDALYcount,theIndianGovernmenthas

taken

several

initiatives

such

as:•

national

health

programmes•

disease

health

programmes•

health

education

and

awareness•

infrastructure

development.Value

in

million64.935.7

29.2

27.2

27.0Thegraphrepresentsthe

highest

DALYcontributorsinthe

nation.Source:VizHub2021,GBD2019PotentialofGenAI

in

IndianpublichealthcareGenAI

can

tackle

the

challenges

faced

bythepublichealthcaresystemandstreamlineday-to-day

operations.27-32

%Impact22-27

%18-23

%13-18

%HealthcareinfrastructureSource:

Interviews

conducted

by

PwC

with

industry

expertsHealthcareinfrastructurechallenges:Healthcarefacilitiesfaceheavyworkloadsowingtounder-resourcing

and

highpatient

inflow,which

inturn

leads

to

compromisesin

the

quality

of

care

andhigh

waiting

time.Healthcarefinancing:Being

able

to

afford

qualityhealthcareservicesisstillachallenge

for

many

people.Due

to

higher

costs,peopleare

unable

to

seek

timelyhealthcareservices,leading

toincreasedmorbidityand

mortality.Diseaseburden:India

is

currently

dealingwith

a

dual

disease

burdenwithextensiveprevalence

of

communicableaswellasnon-communicablediseases.Inequalitiesin

healthcareaccess:Disproportionateaccesstohealthcareservicespersistsacrossthenation.

Moreover,variousmarginalisedcommunities

facebarriersinaccessto

qualityhealthcare.Thenear-optimalhealthstatusandassociatedoutcomesmaybeinfluencedbyasignificantrelianceontraditionalhealthcaremodels.These

models

prioritise

reactive

care

over

preventive

or

promotive

care

and

are

myopic

in

terms

of

infrastructuralabilities,further

resulting

in

higher

DALY

rates.GenAI

has

the

potential

to

enhance

the

capabilities

ofthese

outdated

systems.Moreover,it

could

narrow

the

divide

created

by

the

existing

limitations

and

pave

the

way

for

a

more

proactive

and

inclusive

patient-centriccaremodelbyaddressingthefollowingchallenges: The

transformative

power

of

GenAI

in

healthcare

PwC9HealthcareinequalitiesHealthcare

financingDisease

burdennon-communicableinfectionsandTBCardovascularRespiratoryNeoplasmsrespiratorydiseasesdiseasesdiseasesChronicOtherLowMediumHigh▲▲▲

▽TheimpactofGenAIwillbevisibleacrossthevaluechainviamultipleusecases.6PotentialefficiencygainsthroughGenAIPromotiveCurativeRehabilitativePalliativeResearchanddevelopment:Generatingnew

molecularstructuresandpredictingtheirproperties;developingtherapiesto

combatprevalent

diseasesPopulationhealth:

Interventions

andsimulationof

healthbehaviourstomodifycampaigns

forspecificpopulations

andaddress

prevailinghealth

issuesCostsavingsand

reduceddiseaseburden:

Potentialtounlock

USD94billion

in

costsavingswhilereducing

DALYs7 The

transformative

power

of

GenAI

in

healthcare

PwC10PotentialefficiencygainsthroughGenAIacross

India’spublichealth

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Annexure

(b)▽

OptimisingvaccinationandimmunisationprogrammesPromotive▽

Integrationwith

IoTandwearablesRehabilitative▽

PersonalisedrehabilitativeplansPalliative The

transformative

power

of

GenAI

in

healthcare

PwC11▽

PersonalisedwellnessplanCurativeUsecasesandtheirimpactacrossvariousstakeholdersBusinessimpact

of

GenAI▲

HighMedium

▽Low▽

Diseaseoutbreakpredictionandsurveillance▽

Personalisedhealthrisk

assessment▽

Personalisedtreatmentplanning▲

Communityhealthengagement

Imageinterpretationand

diagnosis

Drugdiscoveryanddevelopment

Patientandpopulation

education▲

Supportsystemintegration

Remotesymptommonitoring

Virtualreality

rehabilitation▽

Virtualsupportgroups▲

Diagnosticassistance▲Recoverymonitoring

Virtualhealth

assistants▲

Telehealth

support

LifestyleoptimisationPreventiveTraditionalAI:1.

Leveraging

AI/machine

learning

(ML)algorithms

inorder

to

automate

tasks

that

are

labour-intensive

likedata

extraction

from

multiple

sources

(EHR,radiologyinformation

system

[RIS]and

physician

notes)GenAI:1.

Facilitationof

AI/MLusecases:Synthesisingrealisticdata

to

bridge

gaps,manage

errors

and

bring

togetherdiverse

datasets

in

a

format

that

is

standardised2.

Privacyprotection:Creatingsyntheticdatasetsthat2.

Cleansing

of

data

to

achieve

standardisation

while

dataenrichmentisalsotakencareofsafeguard

privacy

by

retaining

the

characteristics

andstatisticalpropertiesof

theoriginaldata3.

Managing

and

organising

data

to

create

data

lakes,

whichensuresaccessibleandqueryabledataforbuildingMLmodels3.

Dataingestionandintegration:Learningfromvariousdata

schemas

and

formats,generating

code

for

handlingcomplexdatatransformationsandintegrations4.

Monitoring

and

managing

secure

data

pipelines

so

thatdata

protection

is

ensured4.

Predictiveabilities:Anticipatingfuturedatapointsand

generatingpredictionsandalertsbasedondatatrends5.

Data

masking

and

de-identificationthatarestreamingPain

points:1.

Limited

access

to

healthcare

data

that

is

rich

in

qualityNeedforAIandGenAI:1.

Automatingdatacollection,extraction,standardisation2.

Data

privacy,security,safety

and

regulatory

complianceandsummarisation3.

Challengeof

datastandardisationandinteroperability

whileaccessinghealthcaredatathatisunstructuredorfragmented

and

resides

in

silos2.

Integration

of

data

points

from

various

sources

in

orderto

create

a

data

pool

which

becomes

a

single

sourceof

truth4.

Data

processing

takes

up

a

lot

of

time

and

is

pronetoerrors3.

Data

analytics

which

facilitates

decision-making

processby

leveraging

real-time

data

(e.g.mobilising

vaccinationdrives

for

an

emerging

disease)5.

Dealy

in

healthcare

interventions

owing

to

limitedavailabilityof

real-timedata The

transformative

power

of

GenAI

in

healthcare

PwC12Streamliningdata:GenAIin

data

plumbingProductivity

gains,diminishing

earnings

before

interest,taxes,depreciation

and

amortisation

(EBIDTA)margins,high

running

costs

and

frequency

of

errors

are

the

primarychallenges

to

be

addressed

in

the

healthcare

sector.Inaddition,the

shift

in

patient

expectations

warrants

a

re-evaluation

of

service

delivery

models

in

the

private

healthcare

ecosystem.Private

healthcare

providers

offer

a

spectrum

ofservices–from

consultation

and

acute

care

to

rehabilitativecare

and

catering

to

diverse

medical

needs.Beyond

conventional

resource-intensive

frameworks,Gen

AIcanofferintelligentautomatedsolutionsthatreducemanualinvolvement,optimise

operations,and

transform

patient

care,refining

care

delivery,promising

better

prognostic

outcomes,andfacilitatingpersonalisedcareandadvancedanalytics.By

embracing

GenAI,private

healthcare

providers

cansignificantly

improve

care

delivery,ultimately

enhancing

theentirespectrumof

caredelivery.AdoptionofGenAIislikelytobe

influenced

by

a

multitude

offactors-

degree

of

costsavingsachievedandresidualimpactontheworkforce

beingthe

leading

ones. The

transformative

power

of

GenAI

in

healthcare

PwC13CostsavingsKeep

ing

upwithemergingtechGenuinepatientneedsKeep

ing

upwithcompetitorsLeadership/investor

InterestRevenue

impactGenAI’simpactontheworkforce:GenAI

has

entered

the

modern

workplace

and

is

disrupting,augmentingandimprovingworkprocesses.PwC’sIndiaWorkforce:Hopes

and

Fears

Survey2023highlights

theimpact

of

GenAI

on

the

current

workforce.FactorsdrivingtheadoptionofAI:Costsavings,followedbyaneedtokeepupwithemerging

tech,are

the

leading

factors

drivinghealthcare

organisations

to

pursue

GenAI

initiatives.Source:

IndiaWorkforce

Hopesand

FearsSurvey2023

(https://www.pwc.in/assets/pdfs/hopes-and-fears/india-

workforce-hopes-and-fears-survey-2023.pdf) The

transformative

power

of

GenAI

in

healthcare

PwC14Source:

Interviews

conducted

by

PwC

with

industry

expertsdisplacementOpportunityProductivityNo

impactUpskillingIncreaseJobJobLaggardsThecompaniesthatarein

the

very

initial

stagesof

AIimplementationfocus

on

buildingdigital

awareness

andimplementingbasicelectronic

systems–moving

from

manual

todigital

record-keepingandestablishingfundamentaldatacollectioncapabilities.MarketaverageThesecompaniesemphasise

systemintegrationandautomation–connectinglabsystemswithbroaderhealthcare

ITinfrastructureandintroducingAIforbasicanalytics

and

workflowoptimisation.EarlyadoptersThiscategoryfocuseson

achieving

smartoperationsthroughfullautomationandcomprehensiveAIintegration–enablingpredictive

modelling,real-time

analytics

anddata-driven

decisionmaking

across

alllaboratoryfunctions.TransformersThesecompaniesestablishthelaboratoryas

an

innovation

hub–driving

healthcaretransformationthroughcutting-edgeAIapplications,research

andcross-institutional

collaboration.Stage

1:Initialawareness

andexplorationStage3:IntermediateintegrationStage5:SmartoperationsStage7:Transformationalleadership

inStage2:Stage4:Stage6:healthcareBasicimplementationAdvancedautomationData-drivendecision

makingConsideringtheheterogeneityandfragmentationofIndia’sprivate

healthcaresystem,

the

adoptionofGenAIisexpectedtooccur

in

phases

(diffusion

of

innovation)PhasesofAIimplementationjourneyThe

journey

of

AI

implementation

within

an

existing

system

can

be

broadly

categorised

into

seven

stages,mapping

the

pathwayfrominitialawarenessandexplorationof

poss