kpmg -在不确定的时候要清楚 您的财务报告指南 Be clear in times of uncertainty Your guide to financial reporting

Beclear

intimesofuncertainty

Yourguidetofinancialreporting

December2025

Externalevents–e.g.naturaldisasters,pandemics,

geopoliticaltensionsorrapidchangesinworldwide

economicpolicies–may

triggeruncertaintyandcausemarketvolatility,inflationarypressures,shiftingcustomerdemandsanddisrupted

supplychains.

Intimesofheightened

uncertainty,investorsand

regulatorslookforclarityin

yourannualreport.Theywanttoknowhowyourcompanyisaffected,howyouaddressthechallenges,whatjudgements,estimatesandassumptions

youmake,andhowyouhavereflecteditallinthefinancialstatements.

Financialreportinginuncertaintimes

Step2

Determinethefinancialreportingimpacts

Step3

Tellaclearandconnectedstory

Tobeclearinyourfinancialreportinginuncertaintimesandmeettheneedsofyourinvestorsandregulators,followthesethreesteps.

Step1

Identifytherelevantrisksanduncertainties

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Step1:Identifytherelevantrisksanduncertainties

Operations

•Mightyouneedtointroducechangesto

youroperatingactivities?

•Isthereanimpactonyourvaluechain–

Businessmodel

•Mightyouneedtointroduce

changestoyourbusiness

model?

Strategy

•Mightyouneedtorevise

yourstrategyinresponseto________/

capitalintheshort,mediumand

longterm?

•Isthereanimpactonyourcashflowsintheshort,mediumorlongterm?

•Whichtimehorizonsare

relevantfortheassessment?

Costofcapital

•Isthereanimpactonyourcostof

abilitytoaccessfinanceinthe

short,mediumandlongterm?

Accesstofinance

•Isthereanimpactonyour

Canariskoruncertainty impact…

i.e.yoursuppliersandcustomers?

theriskoruncertainty?

Cashflows

Notallexistingrisksanduncertaintiesimpactcompaniesequally.

Indeterminingwhatmaybe‘relevant’,askyourselfifariskoruncertaintymayimpactyourcompany’sfinancial

positionandperformancetodayortomorrow.

Youneedtoconsideryourownandyourinvestors’perspective.Also,itmaybehelpfultocompareyour

assessmentwiththatofyourpeers.

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Step2:Determinethefinancialreportingimpacts

Thereisnosingleaccountingstandardonuncertainty.

Todeterminetheimpactofeachrelevantriskanduncertaintyandreflectitinyourfinancialreporting,considerthefollowing.

Whichaccountingstandardapplies?

Doyouneedtoreflect:

•forward-lookinginformation?

•themarketparticipant’sorthecompany’sperspective?

•themarketpriceatthereportingdate?

Inprojectingfuturecashflows,doyouconsider:

•asinglescenario;or

•multiplescenarios?

Reportingpracticalities

Revenueandgovernmentsupport

Non-financialassets

Leases

Non-financialliabilities

Insurance

Financialinstruments

Note:thisguidedoesnotcovereveryimpact;youneedtoassessyourspecificfactsandcircumstances.

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Reportingpracticalities

Doestheuncertaintytriggeredbyexternaleventsaffect…

KeyconsiderationsunderIFRS®AccountingStandards

…yourcompany'sabilitytocontinueasagoingconcern?

•Assesswhetheryourcompanyhassufficientliquiditytocontinuetomeetitsobligationsastheyfalldue–e.g.considerifitisunabletoincreasesellingpricesorifcustomerdemandfalls.

•Revisebudgetsandforecaststotakeintoaccounttheincreaseduncertainty.

•Reassessyourcompany'scompliancewithdebtcovenants.

•Considerwhetheryourcompany'sabilitytoaccessfinancingisimpactedandtherelatedconsequences.

…howyouidentifyandconsidereventsafterthereportingdate?

•Identifyandconsiderallsubsequenteventsuntilthedatethefinancialstatementsareauthorisedforissueanddeterminewhethertheseeventsareadjusting.

•Disclosethenatureandestimatedfinancialeffectofmaterialnon-adjustingevents–orexplainwhyanestimatecannotbemade.

…thelevelofdisclosurerequiredinyour

•Considerprovidingadditionalsupplementarydisclosuresinyourinterimfinancialstatementsif

interimfinancialstatements?

changesincircumstancesarisingfromuncertaintyhavemadesignificantdisclosuresinyourlastannualfinancialstatementslessrelevant.

…howyourcompanydeterminesanddisclosesfairvalues?

•Considerwhethervaluationtechniques,judgementsandassumptionsareappropriateandensurethattherelateddisclosuresareclear.

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Goingconcern–Assessingtheimpact

Subsequentevents–Assessingtheimpact

Interimfinancialstatements–Assessingtheimpact

Fairvaluemeasurement–Practicalchallenges

Furtherresources

Non-financialassets

Doestheuncertaintytriggeredbyexternaleventsaffect…

KeyconsiderationsunderIFRSAccountingStandards

…therecoverabilityofyournon-financialassets?

•Considerwhetherthereareindicatorsthatyourcompany'snon-financialassetsmaybeimpairedandimpairmenttestingisnecessary.

•Considerwhethertheassumptionsusedtocalculatetherecoverableamountareuptodate.

…therecoverabilityofyourdeferredtaxassets?

•Considerwhetheryourcompany'sfuturetaxableprofitprojectionshavechangedasaresultoftheincreaseduncertaintyandhowthisimpactstherecoverabilityofdeferredtaxassets.

…therecoverabilityofyourrevenue-cycleassets?

•Considerwhetherreceivables,contractassets,inventoriesandcapitalisedcontractcostsmayneedtobewrittendown.

yourabilitytocontrolorsignificantlyinfluenceyourinvestees?

•Considerthepossibleaccountingimplicationsforyourinvestees–economicuncertaintycouldaffectyourabilitytocontrol,jointlycontrolorhavesignificantinfluenceovereachofyourinvestees.

…yourabilitytocapitaliseborrowing

•Ensureyoucancontinuetocapitaliseborrowingcostsbecauseinterruptionsinconstructionand

costs?

developmentprojectsresultingfromeconomicuncertaintycouldsuspendthecapitalisationofborrowingcosts.

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Impairmentonnon-current

assets–Assessingtheimpact

Deferredtaxassets–Assessingrecoverability

Revenue-cycleassets–Assessingrecoverability

Relationshipswithinvestees–Assessingtheimpact

Capitalisedborrowingcosts–Assessingtheimpact

Furtherresources

Non-financialliabilities

Doestheuncertaintytriggeredbyexternaleventsaffect…

KeyconsiderationsunderIFRSAccountingStandards

theprofitabilityofyourcontractsgivingrisetounavoidableliabilities?

•Considerwhetheranyofyourcompany'scontractshavebecomeonerousorifyourcompanyhascontractualobligationsithasnotmet,andwhethertheseitemsneedtobeprovidedfor.

...yourrestructuringplans?

•Assesswhetherthecriteriaforrecognisingarestructuringprovisionhavebeenmetifyourcompanyisundertakingrestructuringactivities–e.g.downsizingordiscontinuingoperations–inresponsetoexternalevents.

…therecognitionandmeasurementofyouremployeebenefitsandshare-basedpaymentexpenses?

•Considertheneedforupdatedactuarialvaluationsofdefinedbenefitliabilitiesandforrevisionstoestimatesusedinrecognisingshare-basedpaymentexpenses.

•Considerwhethertorecogniseemployeeterminationexpensesrelatedtorestructuringplans.

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Onerouscontracts–Assessingtheimpact

Restructuringprovisions–Assessingtheimpact

Employeebenefits–Assessingtheimpact

Furtherresources

Revenueandgovernmentsupport

Doestheuncertaintytriggeredbyexternaleventsaffect…

KeyconsiderationsunderIFRSAccountingStandards

yourrevenuerecognition?

•Assesswhethercustomercontractsremainenforceable.

•Considerwhethertariffscauseanycontractmodifications–e.g.changesinpriceorscope.

•Reviewestimatesofvariableconsideration,estimatesofprogresstowardscompletionandstand-alonesellingprices.

…whentorecognisetheexpectedproceedsfrominsuranceclaims?

•Reviewinsurancecontractterms,involvinglegaladviserswhennecessary,anddetermineeligibilitytoclaimundertheinsurancecontract.

…recognitionandmeasurementofgovernmentassistance?

•Identifytheappropriateaccountingstandardtoapplytogovernmentassistance–becausethe

requirementsofIFRSAccountingStandardsdiffersignificantlyonwhentorecognisetheassistanceandhowtomeasureit.

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Furtherresources

Revenue–Assessing

enforceabilityofcustomercontracts

Revenue–Reviewingestimates

Insuranceproceeds–Assessingtheimpact

Governmentgrants–

Determiningtimingandamounttorecognise

Governmentassistance–Evaluatingnatureandtype

8

Leases

Doestheuncertaintytriggeredbyexternaleventsaffect…

KeyconsiderationsunderIFRSAccountingStandards

yourleaseaccounting?

•Assesswhetherleaseassetsandliabilitiesneedtoberemeasuredasaresultofreassessing

renewal,terminationorpurchaseoptions–e.g.ifyourcompanydecidestorelocateitsfacilitiesinresponsetoeconomicuncertainty.

tenants'decisionsontheirrealestate

•Considerwhetherdecidingtovacateorsub-letofficespacemayindicateimpairment–e.g.theright-

leases?

of-useassetinaleasearrangementcouldbeimpairedortherecouldbeachangeinitsestimatedusefullife.

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Leaseassets–Assessingrecoverability

Leases–Impactofrenewal,

terminationorpurchaseoptions

Leases–Impactofvacatingorsub-lettingofficespace

Furtherresources

Insurance

Doestheuncertaintytriggeredbyexternaleventsaffect…

KeyconsiderationsunderIFRSAccountingStandards

insurers’balancesheets?

•Considertheimpactofincreaseduncertaintyfromexternaleventsoninsurancecontractliabilities,reinsurancerecoveriesanddisclosures.

policyholderbehaviours?

•Assesswhetherchangesinpolicyholderbehaviouraffectsurrenderprobabilitiesandinsurancefraud,aswellastherecoverabilityofassetsforinsuranceacquisitioncashflows.

•Considerifyouneedtoupdateyourestimatesandprovidedisclosuresabouttheuncertaintyaroundclaimsarisingfromspecificevents.

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Furtherresources

Insurance–Assessingtheimpact

Step3:Tellaclearandconnectedstory

Intellingyourstory,explain:

•thekeyareasofrisksand

uncertaintiesyouarefacing;

•howyouareimpacted;and

•whatassumptions,judgementsandestimatesyouhavemadeatthe

reportingdate.

Standbackandconsiderifyouhave

disclosedallmaterialinformation,evenifthereisnoimpactatthereporting

date.

Decision-useful,

company-

specific

information

aboutrelevant

risksand

uncertainties

Financialreporting

Tomeetinvestors’andregulators’

needs,provideclear,transparentandconnecteddisclosuresaboutrisksanduncertaintiesfacedbyyourcompany–acrossfinancialreporting,sustainabilityreportingandotherpartsofyour

annualreport.

Considerspecificdisclosure

requirementsintherelevant

accountingstandardsandthe

overarchingdisclosuresinthe

accountingstandardonthe

presentationoffinancialstatements.

Youcanalsouseillustrative

examplesdevelopedbythe

InternationalAccountingStandardsBoard.

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Keepingintouch

AgnieszkaSekita

AssociatePartner,KPMGInternational

IrinaIpatova

AssociatePartner,KPMGInternational

BrianO'Donovan

GlobalIFRSandCorporateReportingLeader,

KPMGInternational

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Withthankstoouradditionalcontributor,ArleneJoseph.

GlobalCorporateReportingInstitute►

Wedeliverinsights,high-levelguidanceanddetailedanalysis.

IFRSSustainability

OurlatestinsightsandguidanceonIFRSSustainabilityDisclosure

Standards

ConnectedReportingToday

Aligningstrategic,sustainabilityandfinancialinformation

IFRSAccounting

OurlatestinsightsandguidanceonIFRSAccountingStandards

SustainabilityreportingintheEU

OurlatestinsightsandguidanceonEuropeanSustainabilityReportingStandards

/ifrs

Publicationname:Beclearintimesofuncertainty

Publicationnumber:137902

Publicationdate:December2025

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