张汉熙高级英语InauguralAddress

LessonFourInauguralAddress

J.F.Kennedy1/174AimsToknowthefeaturesofapoliticalspeech.ToanalyzethestructureofthisaddressToappreciatethelanguagefeaturesofKennedy’saddressTobeacquaintedwithsomeEnglishspeeches2/174TeachingContentsJ.F.KennedyThecharacteristicsofapoliticalspeechDetailedstudyofthetextOrganizationalpatternLanguagefeaturesExercisesEnglishspeech3/174TimeallocationJohnKennedy(15min.)Thecharacteristicsofapoliticalspeech(10min.)Detailedstudyofthetext(100min.)Structureanalysis(15min.)Languageappreciation(15min.)Englishspeeches(25min)4/174JohnFitzgeraldKennedy*4image-1,2,3*Kennedy,35thpresident,Democrat,wasbornonMay291917inBrookline,Mass,thesonofJosephP.Kennedy,financier,wholaterbecameambassadortoGreatBritain.HeenteredHarvard,receivedaBSfromHarvard1940.HeservedintheNavyandwontheNavyandMarineCorpsMedal.5/174JohnFitzgeraldKennedyHewrote"ProfilesinCourage",《勇敢者传略》whichwonaPulitzerprize.1947-1952servedasrepresentativeinthecongress1952electedtothesenate1960HewontheDemocraticnominationforpresidentanddefeatedRichardM.Nixon,Republican6/174JohnFitzgeraldKennedyKennedyfamily---fullyengagedinpoliticsJosephPatrickKennedy--father(1888-1969)USambassadortoBritainborninBostongraduatedfromHarvard7/174JosephPatrickKennedy*4image-4JosephKennedy*Heengagedinbankingshipbuildinginvestmentbankingmotion-picturedistributionamillionaireat30yearsold8/174JohnFitzgeraldKennedy1.35thPresidentoftheU.S.(1961-1963)2.ademocrat,aneloquentspeaker3.theyoungestmaneverelectedtothepresidency4.borninMassachusetts,inheritedabackgroundofpoliticswealthanddetermination5.aCatholic9/174JohnFitzgeraldKennedy6.Aspresident,hefacedtheCivilRightsproblemathomeandCubacrisisof1962.7.HisassassinationatDallasinNovember1963wasashockfromwhichtheU.S.hasfoundithardtorecoverandthemurderisstillariddle.*/JohnKennedy.htm*10/174StrangecoincidencesbetweenPresidentLincolnandPresidentKennedy

AbrahamLincolnwaselectedtoCongressin1846.

JohnF.KennedywaselectedtoCongressin1946.

AbrahamLincolnwaselectedPresidentin1860.

JohnF.KennedywaselectedPresidentin1960.

11/174LincolnandKennedy

ThenamesLincolnandKennedyeachcontainsevenletters.

Bothwereparticularlyconcernedwithcivilrights.

BothwiveslosttheirchildrenwhilelivingintheWhiteHouse.

BothPresidentswereshotonaFriday.

Bothwereshotinthehead.12/174LincolnandKennedy

Lincoln'ssecretarywasnamedKennedy.

Kennedy'ssecretarywasnamedLincoln.

BothwereassassinatedbySoutherners.

BothweresucceededbySoutherners.

BothsuccessorswerenamedJohnson.

13/174LincolnandKennedy

AndrewJohnson,whosucceededLincoln,wasbornin1808.

LyndonJohnson,whosucceededKennedy,wasbornin1908.

JohnWilkesBooth,accusedofassassinatingLincoln,wasbornin1839.

LeeHarveyOswald,accusedofassassinatingKennedy,wasbornin1939.

14/174LincolnandKennedy

Bothassassinswereknownbytheirthreenames.

Bothnamescomprisefifteenletters.

Boothranfromthetheatreandwascaughtinawarehouse.

Oswaldranfromawarehouseandwascaughtinatheatre.

BoothandOswaldwerebothassassinatedbeforetheirtrials.

15/174JohnFitzgeraldKennedycontributions:1.HismostimportantactwashissuccessfuldemandonOct.22.1962thattheSovietUniondismantleitsmissilebasesinCuba.*4image-5map*2.HeestablishedaquarantineofarmsshipmentstoCubaandcontinuedsurveillancebyair.16/174contributions:3.HedefiedSovietattemptstoforcetheAlliesoutofBerlin.*4image-6,7,8*4.Hemadethesteelindustryrescindapricerise.17/174contributions:5.Hebackeda>civilrightsb>amentalhealthprogramc>arbitrationofrailroaddisputesd>expandedmedicalcarefortheagede>astronautflightsandsatelliteorbiting18/174InaugurationDayOnJanuary20since1937OnApril30,1789,GeorgeWashingtonsteppedontoabalconyofFederalHallinNewYorkCity,placedhishandonaBibleandsworeto"preserve,protestanddefendtheconstitutionoftheUnitedStates".19/174InaugurationDayHethenreadanearnestspeech,callingfor"unitedandeffectivegovernment".ThusbeganauniqueAmericaninstitution---InaugurationDay---thosedramatichourswhenanewpresidentfacesthepeopleforthefirsttime.Hemusttellthepeoplewhathe'sgoingtodoaspresident.*4iamge-9*20/174InauguralAddressMemorablewordshavebeenutteredininauguraladdress.Itisaspeech,lectureofficiallymadebyapersonontakingoffice.21/174thepurposeofapoliticalspeechtopersuadetoexplaintoconvincepeopletoaccepthispointofview,

toacceptwhathesayssoastosupporthim22/174Characteristics:1.Theorderisclear.Eachpara.hasitsowntopic.2.Thetoneisappropriate.Heusesdifferenttonetodifferentpeople.23/174Characteristics:3.Thestyleisrigid.Itismadebeforehand.Soitisasortofwrittenlanguage.4.Thelanguageisrhetorical.parallelism,metaphor,antithesis,balancedstructure,repetitionofwordsandphrases---forforce,vividnessandemotionalappeal.24/174Generalanalysisofapoliticalspeech1.Hemusttryeverypossiblemeanstoarousethefeelingsofaudience.Whathesaysrepresentstheinterestsofthewholepeople.successfulappealtotheemotionoftheaudience25/174Generalanalysisofapoliticalspeech2.specificpolicyThespeechmusthavehigh-soundingwordsandemptypromises3.Thespeechmustbeconciseandshort26/174Generalanalysisofapoliticalspeech4.clever-choiceofwordstoconveydifferentmeanings/tones.5.theuseofbiblicalstyletomakeitformal/rigid.6.theuseofalotofrhetoricaldevicestomakehisaddressaspowerful/impressiveaspossible.27/174ThesocialbackgroundInwhatperiodinhistorydidKennedybecomepresident?in1960's28/174ThesocialbackgroundColdwarissth.whichmarksthesituationin1960's.Theworldismainlydividedintotwohostilecamps.1)socialistcamp--headedbytheSovietUnion2)capitalistcamp--headedbytheUSThecampsopposedeachotherpolitically.29/174JohnFitzgeraldKennedyThetext*Kennedy’saddress音频*30/174Detailedstudyofthetext:Para1openingparagraphimportance/significanceofhiselectionaspresidentoftheUS1.observe2.celebrate31/174freedom--Wecelebratefreedom.PeopleintheUSarefreetochoosetheirpresident.32/174antithesis:end--theendofEisenhower'spresidentialtermbeginning--thebeginningofKennedy’spresidentialtermrenewal----thecontinuationofpresidencyandofficeofpresidentchange--thechangefromEisenhowertoKennedy33/174aswellas---wellbalancedstructureinPara.134/174solemn---referalmostexclusivetoanextremelyformalandinspiringreligiousritual.(grave)veryserious.a~oath庄重誓言a~dedicationtothecauseoffreedom为自由事业而一直不渝献身35/174prescribe---setdown/imposeWhatpunishmentdoesthelawprescribeforthiscrime?Governmentschoolsmustworkforaprescribednumberofdayseachyear.Goodcitizensdowhatthelawsprescribe.Someonewhobehavesasfoolishlyasyouhavenorighttoprescribehowothersshouldbehave.36/174Para.2thegeneralsituationofthisworldtopicsentence---Theworldisverydifferent.Inwhatwayistheworlddifferent?Theworldisdifferentinthewayofscienceandtechnology.Peoplehavemodernandadvancedscienceandtechnology.37/174thepower--thepowerofscienceandtechnologywiththehelpofscienceandtechnology1.Peoplecanbecomeveryrich.2.Peoplecanbeexterminated.Sciencecanbeusedtogetridofpoverty.Sciencecanbeusedtodestroyallhumanbeings.38/174revolutionarybelief---humanrightsAllmenwerecreatedequalandGodhadgiventhemcertainunalienablerightswhichnostateorrulercouldtakeawayfromthem.see:Note339/174generosity,benevolence,goodwill,kindness,unselfishness

Thesewordsrefertoawellwishingfriendlinessorconcernfortheneedsanddesiresofotherpeople.40/174benevolence–Ithasthewidestrangeofanyofthesewordssuggestinganexpansiveandgood-humoredtoleranceandsympathyforothers对他人善意宽容与同情Workingconditionsweresoughtasaright,notasa~oftheiremployer.寻求良好工作环境是权利，而不是雇主恩赐。41/174generosity---focusesexclusivelyontheaspectofgivingreferringtoanunstintinglyhelpfulactorhabitthegenerositywithwhichhesharedhistoyswithotherchildren42/174比较benevolence--anunacted-uponfeelinggenerosity--actualbehavioreg.Hewasaplantationownerwholookedonhisslaveswithbenevolencebutcouldhardlybeaccusedoftreatingthemwithgenerosity.他是一个以仁慈之心对待他奴隶而谈不上慷慨厚遇他们庄园主。43/174goodwill–goodwill---referringprimarilytofeelingkindness---toactionHeinsistedthathewantedonlyhergoodwill,notherkindness.他坚持只领她好意，而非她帮助（怜悯）。44/174unselfishness--pointtoagenerositythatisbasedonalackofself-concern,wheregenerositymayemphasizethequantitygiven,possiblyforostentatiousreasons,unselfishnessstresstheeffacingpersonalsacrificerequired---evenifalessenamountisgiven.强调具备自我牺牲和自我埋没行动45/174unselfishness--Itwasthetaxdeductioninvolved,ratherthanunselfishness,thatpromptedhisgenerositytothecharitydrive.促使他对慈善事业大施援手动力不是无私之心而是为了减税。46/174atissue---undecided,indisputeThepointatissueiswhetheryouarewillingtogoabroadornot.Thatisnotthepointatissue.withoutissue–todiewithoutchildrenHediedwithoutissue.47/174Para.3generalpolicyoftheUShumanrights48/174torchThisreferstotheprivilegeandburdenofleadingthenationbeingpassedtoanewgeneration.TheoriginalreferenceistotheOlympicgamesbeforewhichatorchiscarriedfromrunnertorunner.TheflameofthetorcheventuallylightsafirethatsignalstheopeningofOlympics.49/174torch----metaphordutyrevolutionresponsibility---ofkeepinghumanrights50/174heritage---allthequalities,traditionsorfeaturesoflifethathavebeencontinuedovermanyyearsandpassedonfromonegenerationtoanother,usedespeciallytorefertothingsthatareofhistoricalimportanceorthathavehadastronginfluenceonsociety.51/174heritagePekingoperaispartofourculturalheritage.ThisbuildingispartofBritishnationalheritage.52/174inheritance---1.moneyorpropertywhichyoureceivefromsomeonewhoisdead2.asituationorstateofaffairswhichhasbeeninfluencedbyaparticularevent,person,booketc.(heritage)53/174commit---commitoneselfto(doing)sthbecommittedtosth/doingsth---promise/pledgetodo/supportsthAllanhasbeencommittedtostayingthereforalongtime.54/174commit--Hehasbeencommittedtoequalrightsforwomen.Deeplycommittedtohisreligion,hehasoftenspokenoutagainstgreedandmisuseofpower.Nobodycommittedthemselvestoadefiniteanswer.55/174generalpolicyoftheUSPeopleintheUSmustkeepanddefendhumanrightsnotonlyintheUSbutalsointheworldaswell.Para.4strongdeterminationKennedyputstheUStotheleader,sohesaysinordertokeephumanrights,weshall....56/174survivalandthesuccessofliberty1.thesurvivalandthesuccessof"freedemocraticcountries".2.thenewlyindependentthirdworldcountries57/174Para5.transitionAonesentenceparagraphthatfunctionsasatransitionfromthegeneraltothespecific.Inthefollowingparagraphshewillbeaddressingdifferentspecificgroupsofnations.Thismuchwepromisetodoandwepromisetodomore.58/174Para.6thespecificpolicytowardhisfriendsandwould-befriends59/174allies---ally.Britain,Canada,NewZealand,Australia,/WestEuropeancountriesacountrythathasatreatyoranagreementtohelpandsupportanothercountry,esp.duringawar.60/174allied---adj.theAlliedandAssociatedPowers协约国WWItheAlliedMilitaryGovernment联合国民政府WWII61/174culturalandspiritualorigins---1.speakthesamelanguage/belongtothesomelanguagefamily2.havethesamereligiousbelief62/174antithesis--Unitedwecandoeverything.Dividedwecandonothing.---theimportanceofunity63/174apowerfulchallenge--astrong,powerfulthreatposedbythesocialistcampIfwearequarrelingandsplitapart,wecannotcompetewiththestrong,powerfulenemyinfrontofus.64/174Para.7Whomdidheaddress?---somenewlyindependentcountries65/174Para.71)Hepromisestoaid(support)thenewlyindependentcountriessothattheycanremainfreeandindependent.66/174ranksofthefree--thecommunityoffreeandindependentnationsafarmoreirontyranny---acommunistdictatorship"ridingthebackofatiger"--Compare"seekingtheaidofsocialistcountries"to"ridinghebackofatiger"67/174Para.72)Thosecountrieswhichfoolishlyseektheaidofsocialistcountrieswillendupbylosingtheirindependenceasmanyothercountriesdidinthepast.Itisdangeroustoridethebackofthetiger.Ifyoudo,youwillbeswallowedupbythetiger.Youwillloseyourpowerandindependence.68/174Para8Whomdidheaddress?thedevelopingcountrieshalftheglobe--thecontinentsofAfricaandAsiaconstitutealmostonehalfofthelandsurfaceoftheglobe.69/174bonds--chains,fetters(pl)1.chains,ropesthatareusedtotiedownaprisoner2.(fig)afeeling,dutyorcustomthatforcesyoutobehaveinaparticularway70/174helpthemhelp--Wepledgetohelpthemonconditionthattheydotheirbestanddowhatweaskthemtodo.71/174Para.9HeisspeakingtoLatinAmericancountries.UsuallytheUSregardstheLatinAmericancountriesasthebackyardoftheUS,forithasspecialinterestinthesecountries.72/174sister--carefulchoiceofword,implyingequalrelationship,onefamilymutualgoodrelationspeacefulrevolution=anewallianceforprogress73/174prey--metaphorcomparing"peacefulrevolution"toananimalwhichmightfallvictimtoenemynations.Wewillnotallowanyenemycountrytosubvertthispeacefulrevolutionwhichbringshopeofprogresstoallourcountries.74/174Para.91.HeofferedspecialpledgethatallLatinAmericancountriestoworktogethertomakeprogress.2.Hewarnedtheenemiesnottointerfereintheinternalaffairsofthesecountries,becausewearemasterofthishemisphere.75/174Para.10HeisaddressingtheUnitedNations.TheUNisourlastandbesthopeofsurvivalinaworldwheretheinstrumentsofwarhavefarsurpassedandexceededtheinstrumentsofpeace.76/174Para.10instrumentsofwar--weapons,bombs,forwagingwarsinstrumentsofpeace--machines,toolsforproducinggoods77/174Para.101)topreventtheUNfrombecominganassemblywherepeoplejustcriticize,insultandabuseeachother2)tostrengthenthepowerofUNtoprotectthenewlyindependentandweaknations3)toenlargetheareainwhichitsauthorityandmandatewouldcontinuetobeineffectorinforce78/174Para.11Heisspeakingtotheenemies,especiallytheSovietUnion.79/174makethemselvesouradversary--cleverchoiceofwordsThisphrasethrowstheblameforconfrontationandworldtensionontheotherparty.TheUShasdonenothingtocreateenemies.It'stheothersidethatischallengingtheUS.80/174notpledge--notpromisebutarequest--butaskingtheothersidetoconsiderhisproposal1)pointoutdangerdanger--selfdestruction(theThirdWorldWar)Advancedweaponswilldestroythewholemankindwhetherintentionallyoraccidentally81/174Para.11anew--again,inanewordifferentwayquest--asearchorattempttofindThequestforgoldwaslonganddifficult.engulf--(oftheearth,thesea)todestroybyswallowingupThestormyseaengulfedthesmallboat.82/174Para.122)pointoutpositionofstrengthWemustbeverystrong.Ifweareweak,theywouldattractus.Wedarenotbeweakbecauseitmighttempttheenemytotakerashactions.tempt--attractThewarmsuntemptedustogoswimming.atemptingmeal83/174Para.133)pointoutneeds/situation(findnocomfortinpresentsituation)coldwar/hostileconfrontationa)Bothsidesarefeelingthegreatfinancialburdenofthearmsrace.b)Botharemadeconsciousofthegradualspreadoftheterribleatombombs.84/174Para.13c)Bothsidesaretryingtochangethisuncertainbalanceofthisterriblemilitarypowerwhichrestrains/preventeachgroupfromlaunchingtheThirdWorldWar.85/174Para.14-184)pointoutco-operation/differentproposals

tryingtofindoutspecificfieldinwhichwecanagreewitheachother.86/174sincerityisalwayssubjecttoproof--One'ssinceritymustbeprovedbyfacts.Peoplemaysayorpromiseallkindsofthingsbuttheymustbeprovedbydeeds.87/174subjectto–dependingon取决于，尚待，在……条件下Theyhaveauthoritytodecide,subjecttotheminister'sapproval.Thetreatyissubjecttoratification.认可，同意Theplanissubjecttoconfirmation.88/174belabor–setuponwithtoomuchtalkoradvice责备Ifyoubelaborapointinadiscussionorexplanation,youkeeptalkingaboutitoremphasizingitinaboringway.Thereisnoneedtobelaborthepoint.89/174formulate--workoutIfyouformulatesthsuchasaplanorproposal,youinventit,thinkingaboutthedetailscarefully.1.Wehadformulatedourownstrategy.2.Bothsideshavetheneedtoformulateapolicythatwillpromoteratherthanhinderpeace.90/174inspectionofarms--examining/watchingovercarefullythelimitationofarmsabsolute---withoutlimitabsolute--complete91/174taptheoceandepths---drawuponormakeuseofthewealththatliesdeepintheoceansminetheoceanbedsforvaluablemetalsetc.92/174heed–giveattentiontoShedidn'theedmywarnings.93/174"undotheheavyburdens..."ABiblicalquotationisusedinkeepingwithhisbiblicalstyle;inkeepinghisCatholicupbringing.94/174Whatarethespecificproposals?1.controlarms2.use/developscienceforpeacepurposeinsteadofthewarpurpose.explorethestarsconquerthedeserteradicatediseasetaptheoceandepthsencouragetheartandcommerce3.enjoyhumanrights95/174Para.19pointoutpurpose,objectWemustworktogethertomakeanewworldorder.strongarejust--Thestrongnationsdonotbullytheweak.weaksecure--Theweaknationsfeelsafe.96/174Para.20conclusiononehundreddays--historicalallusion,famousperiodinAmericanhistory,inPresidentF.D.Roosevelt'spresidentialterm97/174onehundreddaysDuringthefamous“hundreddays”(Mar-Jun.1933),Roosevelt‘sadministrationrushedthroughcongressafloodofanti-depressionmeasures(morethan70billsforapproval),whichweregenerallyknownasRoosevelt’s“NewDeal”.“新政”*4image-10,11*98/174NewDealRoosevelt新政.doc99/174onehundreddaysBills:“BankingAct“《银行法》''NationalIndustrialRecoveryAct"《国家工业复兴法》"AgriculturalAdjustmentAct"《农业调整法》Theproposalscannotbecompletedinashorttime,butlet'stryandbegin.100/174Para.21-27HeappealstohisfellowAmericanstosupporthimandtodoeverythingtheycan,eventosacrificetheirlivesfortheircountry.101/174Para.21-27past---ManyAmericansdiedfortheircountry.Theyshowedtheirloyaltytotheircountry.present---Nowourgenerationiscalledupontofacethechallengeofthecoldwar,tostruggleagainstpovertyanddisease.102/174Para.21-27twilightstruggle---notclear,abstract,Tyranny,poverty,diseaseandcoldwarsarenotbloodywars.103/174“rejoicinginhope,patientintribulation”---忍受困苦，向往未来biblicallanguagetobehappywhenthingslookbrightandhopefultobepatientindistress/introuble104/174Para.23Rhetoricalquestionsaremoreforceful.105/174assure---makesth.certaintohappentrytocausesbtobelieveortrustinsth.toprotectagainstdeaththroughmoneyThiswillassureyourcomfort.Theonlywaytoassuresuccessistoworkhard.Onemoretrywillassurevictory.Nothingcanassurepermanenthappiness.106/174assure---~sb.that---Thecaptainoftheshipassuredthepassengersthattherewasnodanger.Iassureyouthismedicinecannotharmyou107/174ensure---1)makesb.certaintogetsthThismedicinewillensureyouagoodnight'ssleep.2)trytocausetobelieveItriedtoensurethateverybodyunderstoodtheinstruction.Ican'tensurethathewillbethereintime.108/174insure–protectagainstlossofmoney,life,goodsetcthroughmoney(byinsurance)Myhouseisinsuredagainstfireandtheft.Thecompanywillinsureyourhouseagainstfire.Hehasinsuredhimselffor$.109/174insure–assuresthassuresb.that--ensuresbsthensurethat---110/174para.24emphasizingthesituationandresponsibilityHetriestoarouseAmericanpeople'semotionsbysayingyoumustbeveryproudandglorious,foryouareborninthistimeandyouaregivensuchagreatduty.111/174para.24Hedeliberatelyexaggeratesthesenseofurgencyandhewantstomakepeoplefeelthattheyaresacrificingforanimportantandgloriouscause.112/174para.24freedominitshourofmaximumdangerWeareinthegreatestdangeroflosingfreedom113/174para.24theenergy;thefaiththedevotion=light,fire,glowTheenergy,thefaithandthedevotionthattheAmericansbringtothistaskwillinspirenotonlytheUnitedStatesandherpeoplebutalsothewholeworld.114/174para27conclusionaskof=inquireof(formal)(ofsb)demandus----thepresidentandmembersofhiscabinetyou--peopleoftheUSandtheworld115/174para27conclusionWedemandyoutoshowhighstandardsofstrengthandsacrificeandwealsowantyoutodemandustoshowthesamehighstandardsofstrengthandsacrifice.116/174"withagoodconscience..."Ourreliablerewardisonlyagoodconscience.117/174"withhistorythefinal...."Historywillfinallyjudgewhetherwehavedoneourtaskwellornot.118/174para27conclusionWithGod'sblessingandhelp,letusstartleadingthecountrywelove,knowingthatonearthwhatwearedoingisGod'swork(whichisjust)119/174OrganizationalPattern4sections.Sect.1.para.1-5withpara5asatransitionIntroduction,thegeneralstatementofthebasicpolicyoftheUS"Weshallpayanyprice,....."120/174OrganizationalPatternSect.2para.6-10Headdressesdifferentgroupsofalliednationsandwould-bealliednations;friendsandwould-befriends.121/174OrganizationalPatternSect.2para.6-10Hisspecificpolicytowardsthem.1.theallies2.thenewlyindependentcountries3.thedevelopingcountries4.theLatinAmericancountries5.theUN122/174OrganizationalPatternSect.3para.11-20Hisspecificpolicytowardtheenemy.1.pointoutthedanger2.pointouthepositionofstrength123/174OrganizationalPattern3.pointoutthesituationandneed.Bothsidesfeeluneasy.a)Bothsidesareoverburdenedwiththecostofmodernweapons.b)Bothsidesareanxiouswiththewidespreadarms.c)Bothsidestrytochangetheuncertainbalanceofmilitarypower.124/174OrganizationalPatternProposals:1.controlarms2.usescienceforpeacepurpose3.enjoyhumanrightsObject---tomakeanewworldorder125/174OrganizationalPatternSect4para.21-27conclusionHecallsontheAmericanstosupporthimandtosacrificetheirlivesfortheircountry.Hecallsonthepeopleofthewholeworldtounitandworkforthefreedomofmen.126/174LanguagefeaturesspecificcommentonthespeechKennedywasaneloquentspeaker.Heisspeciallytrained.Thisspeechisverypowerfulandwonderful.Helayshisemphasisonthesuccessfulappealstotheemotionofthelisteners.wellorganizedhighlyrhetorical127/174Languagefeatures1.highlyrhetorical---parallelism,antithesis,metaphor,simile,metonymy,hyperbole,2.invokingthenameofGod,theuseofbiblicalstyle3.theuseofkeyabstractwords:faith,devotion,freedom,liberty,courage,loyalty,beliefTheseabstractionsareimpossibletodefineprecisely.128/174Languagefeatures4.theuseofheroic-soundingverbsexplore,conquer,dare,---whichareinspiringandemotional.5.morerepetitioninthestructureofparas,whichgivestheaddressacertainrhythm.129/174fatal;deadlymortallethalfatal----Itstressesinevitabilityandactualresultofdeath,destructionanddisasterManyfataldiseaseshavebeenpreventedbycleanlinessandthepropermedicine.清洁习惯和正当使用药品，预防了许多致命疾病。Thispieceofnewswasfataltohispoliticalfuture.这则新闻毁了他政治前途。130/174fatal;deadlymortallethalmortal---Itimpliesthatdeathhasoccurredoriscertaintooccur.Allmenaremortalbeings.Shesufferedfromamortaldisease.131/174fatal;deadlymortallethaldeadly--ItimpliesanextremelyhighdegreeofprobabilityratherthanacertaintyofdeathBothofthegreatandpowerfulgroupsofnationsarealarmedbythesteadyspreadofthedeadlyatom.两个强大国家都对致命原子力量不停扩展感到震惊。Agunisadeadlyweapon.枪是一个可怕武器。132/174fatal;deadlymortallethaldeadly--ItimpliesanextremelyhighdegreeofprobabilityratherthanacertaintyofdeathBothofthegreatandpowerfulgroupsofnationsarealarmedbythesteadyspreadofthedeadlyatom.两个强大国家都对致命原子力量不停扩展感到震惊。Agunisadeadlyweapon.枪是一个可怕武器。133/174fatal;deadly;mortal;lethallethal---Itimpliestheexistenceofsthistheconditionofthecauseofdeath.Cyanideisalethalpoison.氰化物是一个致死毒素。a~weapon凶器~gas致死毒气134/174faithful;loyal;constant;staunch;resolutefaithful---Itimpliesafirmandunswervingadherencetoapersonorthingtowhomortowhichoneisunitedbysometiesasmarriage,friendship,honor,orallegiance.指对婚姻，情谊，荣誉，或政治需要表达出忠心和忠诚。135/174faithful;loyal;constant;staunch;resolutefaithful---Hehasbeenafaithfulfriendtomeformanyyears多年来他一直是我忠实朋友。Ahusbandshouldbefaithfultohiswife.136/174faithful;loyal;constant;staunch;resoluteloyal---Itrefersfaithfultoone'spledgedwordortothecountry,theleader,theinstitutionortheprincipletowhichonefeelsoneselfmortallybound.指受良心，正义感影响对祖国，团体，事业表现出忠心忠诚Weareloyaltoourbeautifulcountry.Heisloyaltohiscause.13