Unit 7 A Good Read Section A 知识清单新教材人教版八年级英语下册

1/11Unit7AGoodReadSectionAWhatgreatbookshaveyouread？知识点一、单元词汇单词SectionA1.n.冒险，冒险经历2.n.幻想，幻想作品3.n.悬疑小说（电影，戏剧），神秘的事物，奥秘4.n.小说5.n.侦探6.n.外星人7.n.＆v.攻击8.adj.历史的，有关历史的9.v.强迫，迫使，用力推动n.力，武力10.v.偷，窃取过去式：过去分词：11.v.惩罚，处罚12.n.习语，成语13.adv.最近，不久前14.adj.迷路的，丢失的，失去的15.v.推荐，建议16.n.社会，社团17.adj.文学的，文学上的18.n.根基，基础，根据他v.把总部设在短语SectionA1.好的读物，好书或文章等2.科幻小说或电影3.迷路4.听说，得知5.书名6.小说类型7.历史中的事件8.封面设计9.书的主要内容10.历史小说11.被迫做某事12.最终13.在19世纪14.主角，主要人物15.奇幻世界16.太...而不能17.成长，长大18.读书报告19.在...开始20.过去,曾经21.到目前为止22.以为基础23.加入读书俱乐部二、单元重点、难点、考点精讲SectionA【考点1】Inthethree-bodyproblem，aliensareplanningtoattack.【解析】1.alien的用法：做形容词，①陌生的，不熟悉bealientosb./sth.对...不熟悉②外国的，异域的analienculture异国文化、analienland异国他乡③外星的作名词，可数名词外国人，外侨，外星人Themovieisaboutan

alien

whovisitsEarth.这部电影讲的是一个造访地球的外星人。2.attack的用法：（1）作动词，过去式：attacked，过去分词：attacked现在分词：attacking①袭击，攻击Thearmywill

attacktheenemybase

atdawn.军队将在黎明时攻击敌军基地。②（口头或书面）抨击，责难Somepeopleattackedhisplanbecauseitwastoorisky.有些人抨击他的计划，因为太冒险了。③（疾病、害虫）侵袭，损害adiseasethatattacksthebrain.侵害大脑的疾病。（2）作名词，攻击，袭击，抨击，侵袭，损害Thecitycameunder

attack

lastnight.这座城市昨晚遭到了攻击。常见搭配：underattack：遭受攻击aheartattack：心脏病发作apanicattack：恐慌症发作【考点2】Ayoungboywasforcedtostealthings.【解析】1.force的用法（1）做名词①武力，暴力不可数名词byforce通过武力Thepeopleweretakenawaybyforce.那些人被强行带走。②

（物理上的）力，力量Newton'slawsdescribetherelationshipbetweenforceandmotion.牛顿定律描述了力与运动的关系。③军队，部队apeace-keepingforce维和部队airforce空军policeforce警察部队④（法律、规则等的）约束力，效力Thenewlawcomesinto

force

nextmonth.新法律将于下个月生效。做动词过去式：forced过去分词：forced现在分词：forcing①强迫，迫使forceosth./doingsth迫使某人做某事Hisfather

forcedhiminto

acareerinlaw.他的父亲强迫他从事法律行业。Forcesb.todosth.强迫某人做某事Thethief

forced

themanager

to

openthesafe.小偷逼迫经理打开保险箱。②用力推开、移动或打开He

forced

hiswaythroughthecrowd.他从人群中挤了过去。2.steal的用法：作动词，偷，窃取，过去式：stole过去分词：stolenSomeone

stole

mywalletonthebus.有人在公交车上偷了我的钱包。stealsth.fromsb.从某人偷某物Thethiefstoleaphonefromtheoldman.小偷从老人那里偷了一个手机。【考点3】Intheend，thearepunished.【解析】punish的用法①作动词，处罚，惩罚，过去式:punished过去分词：punishedpunishsb.forsth/doingsth因某事惩罚某人Youcan't

punishmefor

tellingthetruth.你不能因为我说了实话就惩罚我。②名词形式：punishment惩罚，处罚Punishmentisnecessaryforbadbehavior.对不良行为的惩罚是必要的。【考点4】Itisafantasyclassicaboutagirlwhogetslostinamagicalworld.【解析】lost的用法：（1）作形容词，①迷路的，迷失的，也可指精神上迷茫的Wearecompletely

lost.Canyoushowustheway?我们完全迷路了，你能给我们指路吗？Shefeltlostaftermovingtoanewcity.搬到新城市后，她感到迷茫。②

丢失的，遗失的The

lost

dogwasfinallyfound.那只走失的狗终于被找到了。（2）作为动词lose的过去式和过去分词①丢失，遗失I

lost

mykeysyesterday.我昨天把钥匙弄丢了。②输掉（比赛、争论等）Ourteamlostthematchbyonepoint.我们队以一分之差输了比赛。③丧失，失去Theaccidentmadeher

lost

confidenceinherself.那次事故使她失去了自信。④迷路We

lost

ourwayintheforest.我们在森林里迷路了。【考点5】I’vealwayspreferredthebooktothemovie.【解析】prefer的用法：作动词，更喜欢，偏爱。过去式：preferred过去分词：preferred现在分词：preferring常考核心句型：①preferAtoB（A、B为名词，“比起B更喜欢A”）Ipreferteatocoffee.（比起咖啡，我更喜欢茶。）（A、B为名词）②preferdoingAtodoingB（“比起做B，更喜欢做A”）SheprefersreadingbookstowatchingTV.比起看电视，她更喜欢看书。③prefertodoAratherthandoB（“宁愿做A而不愿做B”）Hepreferstowalktoschoolratherthantakethebus.他宁愿步行上学，也不愿坐公交。④prefertodosth.（“更愿意做某事”，表倾向）They

prefertolive

inthecountryside.他们更愿意住在乡下。【考点6】Couldyourecommendone？【解析】recommend的用法：（1）作动词，推荐，建议Canyou

recommendagoodrestaurant

aroundhere?你能推荐附近一家好的餐馆吗？①recommendsth.tosb.（把某物推荐给某人）或recommendsb.tosb.把某人推荐给某人，MyteacherrecommendedthisEnglishbooktome.老师把这本英语书推荐给了我。

②recommendsb.todosth.（建议/推荐某人做某事）

Doctorrecommendedhimtoexercisemoretokeephealthy.医生建议他多锻炼保持健康。③recommenddoingsth.（推荐做某事）

Irecommendvisitingtheparkonweekends—it’sverybeautiful.我推荐周末去那个公园，那里很美。④Itisrecommendedthat建议Itisrecommendedthatthemachinesshouldbecheckedeveryyear.建议每年检修机器（2）名词形式：recommendation推荐，举荐，提议，建议Myteacherwrotealetterofrecommendationforme.老师给我写了一封推荐信。

Ifollowedmydoctor’srecommendationsandexercisedmore.我听从了医生的建议，多锻炼。【考点7】Atthestartofthisyear，I(decide)toreadbooksfromasmanycountriesaspossible.【解析】（1）as+形容词或副词原形+aspossible尽可能……，强调“达到最大程度”Doyourhomeworkascarefullyaspossible—don’tmakemistakes.做作业尽可能认真，别出错。（carefully是副词）（2）常用搭配：这个结构有一些非常固定和常见的搭配，几乎已经成为独立的短语。assoonaspossible尽快Pleasefinishthereport

assoonaspossible.请尽快完成报告。asmuchaspossible尽可能多地（用于不可数名词或表示程度）Drink

asmuchwateraspossible.喝尽可能多的水。Wetrytohelp

asmuchaspossible.我们尽可能多地提供帮助asmanyaspossible尽可能多地（用于可数名词）Collect

asmanysamplesaspossible.收集尽可能多的样本。asquickly/fastaspossible尽可能快地Weneedtoevacuate

asquicklyaspossible.我们需要尽可能快地疏散。asearlyaspossible尽早地Pleasebookyourflight

asearlyaspossible.请尽早预订机票。【考点8】watchamoviebasedonanovel.【解析】base的用法：（1）作名词，可数名词①根基，基底，底座指物体的最下部或支撑部分。Thelamphasaheavy

base

soitwon'tfallover.这盏灯有一个很重的底座，所以不会倒。②总部，大本营，基地Thecompany's

base

isinShanghai.公司的总部在上海。Thearmysetupabaseintheforest.军队在森林里建立了一个基地。③基础，出发点，根据，指某种想法、系统或理论的起始点或核心部分。Thisdiscoverycouldformthe

base

foranewtheory.这一发现可能成为一种新理论的基础。作动词，过去式：based，过去分词：based现在分词：basing①以...为据点，把总部设在TheydecidedtobasethenewcompanyinNewYork.他们决定把总部设在纽约。②以……为基础/依据basesthonsth以...为基础/依据Hebaseshisopiniononfacts.他的观点是以事实为基础的。bebasedon以...为基础Thefilmisbasedontruestory.电影以真实故事为基础。base与basis核心区别单词base（/beɪs/）basis（/ˈbeɪsɪs/）词性名词（n.）+动词（v.）名词（n.）核心含义名词：侧重“具体事物”——基地、大本营（场所）；实物基础/底部（如物体、建筑的根基）2.动词：以……为基础（baseAonB）名词：侧重“抽象概念”——基础、依据、原则（如理论、友谊、逻辑的基础）关键搭配名词搭配：militarybase（军事基地）thebaseofsth.（某物的底部/具体基础）abaseforsth.（……的活动基地）动词搭配：baseAonB（把A建立在B上）-bebasedon（以……为基础，被动）名词搭配：thebasisofsth.（……的抽象基础）onthebasisof（以……为依据）asolidbasis（坚实的基础，抽象）例句1.名词：Thereisanavalbasenearthecoast.（海岸附近有一个海军基地。）Thebaseofthemountainiscoveredwithtrees.（山脚下长满了树。）2.动词：Thisfilmisbasedonatruestory.（这部电影以真实故事为基础。）1.Thebasisofgoodfriendshipistrust.（良好友谊的基础是信任。）2.Wemakedecisionsonthebasisoffacts.（我们以事实为依据做决定。）3.Mathgivesabasisforlearningscience.（数学为学习科学提供了基础。）复数形式bases（/ˈbeɪsiːz/，拼写和读音均变化）bases（/ˈbeɪsiːz/，拼写同base的复数，但含义仅抽象）易错点可指“具体场所/实物”，也可作动词；不能用于抽象的“原则、逻辑基础”不可指具体事物/场所，仅用于抽象概念；无动词用法，不能说“basisAonB”三单元语法聚焦现在完成时（一）（对现在造成影响）1.核心含义：①表示过去发生或已完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果例句过去的动作对现在的影响He

haseaten

lunch.他吃了午饭。他现在不饿了。Thetrain

hasarrived.火车到站了。火车现在就在这里。I

haveturnedoff

thelight.我关了灯。房间现在是一片漆黑的。②表示从过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态（第八单元重点学习）Ihavelivedherefor11years.(从11年前开始，持续到现在还住在这里）Ihavelivedheresince2002.（从2003年开始，持续到现在还住在这里）2.现在完成的句子结构：句式结构注意事项肯定句主语+have/has+动词过去分词（done）have→’ve；has→’s（例：I’ve；He’s）否定句主语+haven’t/hasn’t+动词过去分词（done）一般疑问句Have/Has+主语+动词过去分词（done）？肯定回答，Yes,主语+have/has否定回答,No,主语+haven’t/hasn’t把have/has提前特殊疑问句特殊疑问词（What/Where/How）+Have/Has+主语+done？疑问词放句首3.动词过去分词的变化规则（1）规则变化：①一般情况下加-ed，如finish-turn-②以e结尾的加-d，如live-arrive-③以辅音字母加y结尾的，变y为i加-ed，如carry-cry-④以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节单词，双写最后一个辅音字母加-ed如stop-不规则变化动词原形过去分词动词原形过去分词goteachforgetfindknowsteal4.两大核心用法（1）用法一：过去动作对现在有影响（常和这些词搭配）标志词：already（已经）、just（刚刚）、yet（还没）、ever（曾经）、never（从未）、recently（最近）.before(以前）等现在完成时中ever/never/yet/already/just用法详解副词含义常用句式句中位置例句易错提醒ever曾经（经历）特殊疑问句一般疑问问放在

have/has和过去分词之间HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?你去过北京吗？2.What’sthemostinterestingbookyou’veeverread?你读过的最有趣的书是什么？不能用于肯定句/否定句；never从未（否定）放于肯定句表否定含义放在

have/has和过去分词之间Hehasnevereatensushi.他从没吃过寿司。2.Ihaveneverseenthatmovie.我从没看过那部电影。本身含否定意义，不能再加not错误：Ihaven’tneverseenThatmovie.yet还（没）已经否定句（表“还没”）疑问句（表“已经”）放在句末（否定句：haven’t/hasn’t+done+yet；疑问句：Have/Has+主语+done+yet？）Shehasn’tfinishedherhomeworkyet.她还没做完作业。2.Hasthebusarrivedyet?公交车已经到了吗？不能用于肯定句already已经（表提前）肯定句（可用于句中/句末）句中：have/has和过去分词之间②句末（常用于口语）1.Wehavealreadyvisitedthemuseum.我们已经参观过博物馆了。2.Hehasfinishedhisdinneralready.（他已经吃完晚饭了。）很少用于疑问句（若用则表“惊讶”）；不能用于否定句just刚刚（表近期）肯定句放在

have/has和过去分词之间（紧邻过去分词）Theyhavejustleftthepark.他们刚刚离开公园。.Mymomhasjustcalledme.我妈妈刚刚给我打电话了。位置不能错（不能放在句首/句末）；“刚刚”指过去几分钟内的动作用法二：过去动作持续到现在（常和这些词搭配）(第八单元详解）标志词：for+时间段（多久）：持续多长时间，since+时间段+ago，since+时间点，since+一般过去时的句子：自从...以来sofar（到目前为止）inthepastfewyears（过去几年）I

havelived

here

fortenyears.我在这里住了十年了。（现在仍住在这里）She

hasbeen

ateacher

since2010.她从2010年起就当老师了。（现在还是老师）与一5.5.一般过去时与现在完成的区别时态现在完成时一般过去时含义连接过去和现在（有影响/持续到现在）单纯描述过去发生的动作（和现在无关）时间标志词already/just/yet/for/since/ever等yesterday/lastweek/ago/in2020等具体过去时间例句Ihavelostmypen.（我丢了笔——现在还没找到，没笔用）2.Shehaslivedherefor10years.（她住这10年——现在还住）1.Ilostmypenyesterday.（我昨天丢了笔—只说昨天的事，不管现在有没有找到）2.Shelivedherein2020.（她2020年住这——现在不住了）过关检测单项选择1.TaylorSwiftisafamoussinger,butCindy____toanyofhersongsyet.A.listen B.doesn’tlisten C.haslistened D.hasn’tlistened2.What’sthemostexcitingplaceyou____________visited?Ithinkit’sLijiang.Ihave______seensuchbeautifulscenerybefore!A.havenever;everB.haveever;neverC.didever;neverD.didnever;ever3.______youfinishedyourEnglishhomework______?Yes,I’ve______doneit.Ifinishedithalfanhourago.A.Haveyet;alreadyB.Didyet;alreadyC.Havealready;yetD.Didalready;yet4.Tohelphimkeepfit,hisparentsoften______him______awalkeverymorning.A.force;totakeB.force;takingC.power;totakeD.force;take5.Whilehikinginthemountainlastweekend,we______butakindlocalguidehelpedusfindthewaysoon.A.getlostB.gotlostC.gotloseD.getlosing6.Themathproblemis_____difficult______solveinfiveminutes.Let’sasktheteacherforhelp.A.too;toB.so;thatC.enough;toD.such;that7.____youever___

TheLittlePrince

(《小王子》),oneofthemostfamousbooksintheworld?Yes!I______itthreemonthsago,anditsbeautifulstoriesstillstayinmymind.A.Did;read;havereadB.Have;read;readC.Have;read;havereadD.Did;read;read8.Thesituationisveryserious.Thedoctorshavetogetthere________tosavethepatient.A.soquicklyaspossibleB.asquicklyaspossible

C.asquickaspossibleD.aspossibleasquickly9.Lucy______readingclassicnovels______watchingmovies,becauseshethinksbookscanbringmoredeepthinking.A.prefers;toB.prefers;thanC.prefers;ratherthanD.prefer;insteadof10.Haveyoueverread

RobinsonCrusoe

,theclassicaboutcourageandsurvival?Yes!I______ittwice,andI’velearnedalotaboutnevergivingup.A.ReadB.havereadC.willreadD.amreading二单词填空1.Manystudentslovereading_____（文学的)classicslike

PrideandPrejudice

(《傲慢与偏见》)2.Intoday's________(社会),technologyplaysanincreasinglyimportantroleinourdailylives.3.OurEnglishteacheroften______(推荐)classicbookslike

JaneEyre

tous,sayingtheyhelpimproveourliterarytaste.4.Histeacher______（惩罚）himforbeinglateyesterday.5.Thethiefmanagedto________(偷盗）thevaluablepaintingfromthemuseum.6.I______（最近）readaninterestingbookaboutspace.Ittellsmanyamazingfacts.7.Wevisitedsome______（历史的）buildingsinBeijinglastsummer.Theyhavestoodthereforhundredsofyears8.Asmallbird______(攻击)thecatwhenitgottooclosetoitsnestyesterday.

9.Hehasalwaysdreamedofhavingareal______（冒险）intheAmazonrainforestwhenhegrowsup.10.She______(意识到)shehadleftherhomeworkatschoolwhenshegothomeyesterday.三.完形填空RobinsonCrusoe

isafamousnovel1____theEnglishwriterDanielDefoe.ThestoryisaboutamannamedRobinsonCrusoe.Helovesadventureanddecidestogotoseafortrade.OnhiswaytoAfrica,a2hitstheship.Crusoefindshimselfstranded（被困）onalonelyisland.Heistheonlysurvivor.Atfirst,hefeelshopelessandlonely.However,hequicklyrealizesthathemustbepracticaland3____ifhewantstostayalive.Hemanagestogetsomesuppliesfromthebrokenship,4____tools,weapons,andfood.Hebuildsashelter（庇护所）,5tohuntandgrowcrops,andevenmakeshisownclothesfromanimalskins.Helivesaloneontheislandformanyyears.Oneday,he6____amanfromcannibals（食人族）.HenameshimFridaybecausehesaveshimonaFriday.Fridaybecomeshisbestfriendandservant.Theylivetogetherforseveralyears.Atlast,aBritishship7attheisland,thecaptain（船长)agreestotakethembacktoEngland.After8____ontheislandfor28years,RobinsonCrusoefinallyreturnstoEngland.ThenovelendswithCrusoesafelybackinhishomeland.Thenovelisnotonlyanexcitingadventurestorybutalsoadeepexplorationofhumannature,survival,andfreedom.Ithasbeentranslatedintodifferentlanguagesand9._______bymillionsofreadersworldwide.RobinsonCrusoeiswidelyregardedasa10.______workthatinfluencedmanylaterwriters.1.A.ofB.fromC.byD.with2.A.stormB.droughtC.fireD.flood3.A.strangeB.positiveC.carelessD.comfortable4.A.includingB.exceptC.withoutD.beyond5.AlearnsBteachesC.allowsD.fears6.A.decidesB.discoversC.inventsD.saves7.A.reachesBarrivesCgetsD.touches8.A.costingB.spendingC.takingD.paying9.A.enjoyedB.hatedC.harmedD.beated10.A.commonB.occasionalC.classicD.modern阅读理解AHaveyoubeenaskedformoneybysomedisabledbeggars(乞丐)whileyou’reenjoyingshopping?Doyouhaveanypity（同情，可怜）onthemwhoaresopoorandlonelyordoyoujustfeelafraidoftheirterribleshapes?Asoneofthemostspecialgroups,disabledpeople’slivingconditions—notonlytheirmaterial(物质的)conditions,buttheirmental(精神的)world—reallyneedimprovement.Thetreatmentfordisabledpeopleshouldgolikethis:First,don’tlookdownuponthem.Don’tbeafraidoflookingattheterribleshapesofthedisabled.Trytotreatthemequally.Becausetheyareapartofthesociety,wecan’tdiscard(抛弃)them.Thesecondistohelpthemasmuchaswecould.Ifyoucanbeavolunteeranddosomeworkforthedisabledpeople,thatwouldbeverynice.Thatdoeshelpnotonlytothedisabledpeoplebutalsotoyourselfbecauseyouwillfeelgoodafteryourkindaction.Ifeveryoneofusgivesalittlelove,theworldwillbecomeabeautifulwonderland!1.Fromthepassage,wecanseethat.A.disabledpeoplearepoor,buttheyarehappyB.alldisabledpeopleaskformoneyfromthosewhoareshoppingC.disabledpeople’slivingconditionsarenotgoodD.noonewouldliketohelpdisabledbeggars2.Theunderlinedword“equally”means“”inChinese.A.平等地 B.确切地 C.正确地 D.恰当地3.Mostdisabledpeoplearebegging(乞讨)alongthestreetsbecause.A.it’stheirjobsB.theywanttomakealivinginthiswayC.moreandmorepeoplelovetohelpthemD.theyareapartofthesociety4.Peoplehavepityondisabledbeggarsbecause.A.thearehopeless B.theyarepoorandlonelyC.theyhaveterribleshapes D.theyarediscarded5.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A.Thedisabledliketobeginthestreet.B.DisabledbeggarsonlyneedtoimprovetheirmaterialconditionsC.Disabledbeggarsareusuallytreatedequallybyeveryone.D.Everyoneshouldgivealittlelovetomakeabeautifulwonderland.BLuXunisoneofthegreatestChinesewritersofthe20thcentury.Besideshisfamousstories,healsowrotemanyinfluentialarticlesaboutthelivingconditionsofChinesepeople.Bornin1881toawealthyfamily,LuXunhadahappychildhood.In1893,however,hisgrandfather,aseniorgovernmentofficial,wasputintoprison(入狱）fortakingmoney.Atthesametime,hisfatherbecameseriouslyill.Fromthattimeon,hisfamilywasnolongeracceptedbytheirrelativesandfriends.Theseearlyexperiencesgreatlyinfluencedhiswriting.BythetimeLuXunarrivedinNanjingtostudyatuniversityin1899,healreadybelievedthatChinesesocietyhadtochangeandbecomemodern.In1902hewenttostudyinJapan.TherehebeganwritingarticlesforseveralChinesestudentmagazines.Heshowedagiftforwritingandtranslatingandheevenwroteseveralbooks,althoughnonewaspopular.HereturnedtoChinain1909becausehewasinneedofmoney.AfterworkingforseveralyearsasateacherinBeijing,LuXunagainreturnedtowriting.In1918,hewrotehisfamousshortstoryDiaryofaMadman.ItwasthefirstChinesenovelpublishedusingtheeverydaylanguagethatpeoplespoke,whichhelpedmakeitagreatsuccess.This,togetherwithhisnovelTheTrueStoryofAhQ(1921),madeLuXunaleadingChinesewriter.Althoughsuccessful,LuXunstillworriedgreatlyaboutChina’sfuture.In1927,hemovedtoShanghaiandgaveupwritingstoriesinordertodevotehimselftowhathecalled“penwarfare”.Heonlywrotearticleswhichcalledonthepeopletofightagainstthe