2026年中考英语语法专项复习 数词讲义

初中英语语法中考专项复习——数词数词中考核心考点总览考点1：基数词的构成与读法考点2：序数词的构成与用法考点3：分数、小数、百分数的表达考点4：数词在时间、日期、年龄中的表达考点5：数词的句法功能考点6：数词的特殊用法与易错点二、数词考点系统讲解考点1：基数词的构成与读法中考要求：掌握基数词的拼写和读法掌握百位数、千位数、百万位数的表达理解英文数字的分节读法（三位一分节）基数词构成规则：范围构成规则示例特殊形式1-12独立单词one,two,three...twelve无规律，需熟记13-19个位数+teenthirteen,fourteen...nineteen注意：three→thirteen,five→fifteen20-90（整十）个位数+tytwenty,thirty,forty...ninety注意：two→twenty,three→thirty,four→forty,five→fifty21-99（非整十）十位数+连字符+个位数twenty-one,thirty-two...ninety-nine连字符必须加100及以上hundred/thousand/million/billion+and+后两位101→onehundredandoneand不能省略（美式可省略）大数读法规则（三位一分节）：1,234→onethousandtwohundredandthirtyfour12,345→twelvethousandthreehundredandfortyfive123,456→onehundredandtwentythreethousandfourhundredandfiftysix1,234,567→onemilliontwohundredandthirtyfourthousandfivehundredandsixtyseven易错数字特别提醒：1.14/40区别：fourteen（14）vsforty（40）2.13/30区别：thirteen（13）vsthirty（30）3.15/50区别：fifteen（15）vsfifty（50）4.100以上and的位置：onehundredandone（√）onehundredone（美式）中考真题再现：例1：Thereare______studentsinourschool.A.twothousandthreehundredandfiftysixB.twothousandsthreehundredandfiftysixC.twothousandthreehundredsandfiftysixD.twothousandsthreehundredsandfiftysix答案：A解析：hundred/thousand/million前有具体数字时用单数。例2：Theoldmanis______yearsold.A.fourtyB.fortyC.forteenD.fourteen答案：B解析：40的正确拼写是forty。考点2：序数词的构成与用法中考要求：掌握序数词的构成规则掌握序数词的缩写形式理解序数词在句子中的用法序数词构成规则表：基数词序数词缩写构成规则onefirst1st特殊变化twosecond2nd特殊变化threethird3rd特殊变化fourfourth4th基数词+thfivefifth5thve→f+theighteighth8th只加h（已有t）nineninth9th去e加thtwelvetwelfth12thve→f+thtwentytwentieth20thy→ie+thtwenty-onetwenty-first21st只变个位序数词使用规则：1.序数词前一般加the：thefirstday,thesecondfloor但：Hegotafirstinthecompetition.（第一名，作表语可省the）2.表示日期：May1st（读作Mayfirst）the1stofMay（读作thefirstofMay）3.表示楼层：thefirstfloor（英式：一楼；美式：二楼）thegroundfloor（英式：一楼）4.序数词缩写：数字+最后两个字母1st,2nd,3rd,4th,5th...20th,21st,22nd,23rd,24th...中考真题再现：例3：Todayismy______birthday.A.eighteenB.eighteenthC.theeighteenD.theeighteenth答案：B解析：序数词作定语修饰birthday时，常省略the。例4：Heliveson______floor.A.threeB.thirdC.thethreeD.thethird答案：D解析：序数词表示楼层时前加the。考点3：分数、小数、百分数的表达中考要求：掌握分数的表达方法掌握小数的读法掌握百分数的表达分数表达规则：1.分子用基数词，分母用序数词：1/3→onethird2/3→twothirds（分子>1，分母加s）2.特殊分数：1/2→a/onehalf1/4→a/onequarter或a/onefourth3/4→threequarters或threefourths3.带分数：整数+and+分数2½→twoandahalf3¾→threeandthreequarters小数读法规则：1.小数点读作point：0.5→zeropointfive3.14→threepointonefour2.整数部分按基数词读，小数部分单个数字读：12.34→twelvepointthreefour（不是thirtyfour）3.零的读法：0.1→zeropointone或opointone0.01→zeropointzeroone百分数表达：1.百分号读作percent：25%→twentyfivepercent100%→onehundredpercent2.百分比前用基数词：50%→fiftypercent（√）fiftiethpercent（×）中考真题再现：例5（2023成都中考）：______ofthestudentsaregirlsinourclass.A.TwothreeB.TwothirdC.TwothirdsD.Secondthree答案：C解析：2/3的表达是twothirds。例6（2021武汉中考）：About______oftheearth'ssurfaceiscoveredbywater.A.threequartersB.threequarterC.thirdquartersD.thirdquarter答案：A解析：3/4的表达是threequarters。考点4：数词在时间、日期、年龄中的表达中考要求：掌握时间的英文表达掌握日期的不同表达方式掌握年龄的多种表达方法时间表达两种方式：1.直接读法（先时后分）：8:05→eightofive9:15→ninefifteen10:30→tenthirty2.间接读法（先分后时）：8:05→fivepasteight9:15→aquarterpastnine10:30→halfpastten11:45→aquartertotwelve日期表达方式：1.月日，年（美式）：May1,2023→May(the)first,twentytwentythree2.日月年（英式）：1May2023→thefirstofMay,twentytwentythree3.年份读法：1900→nineteenhundred1905→nineteenofive2000→twothousand2008→twothousandandeight2012→twentytwelve年龄表达方法：1.基数词+yearsold：Heis10yearsold.2.attheageof+基数词：Hestartedschoolattheageof6.3.a+基数词yearold+名词：Heisa10yearoldboy.4.inone's+整十复数：Heisinhistwenties.（20多岁）中考真题再现：例7：Hewasborn______.A.in1990,May1stB.onMay1st,1990C.atMay1st,1990D.on1990,May1st答案：B解析：具体日期前用on，顺序为月日年。例8：Themeetingwillbeginat______.A.halftonineB.ninehalfC.halfpastnineD.ninepasthalf答案：C解析：9:30的正确表达是halfpastnine。考点5：数词的句法功能中考要求：掌握数词作主语、宾语、定语、表语的用法理解数词在句子中的位置掌握数词与名词的搭配数词的句法功能：句法功能示例说明作主语ThreeofusarefromBeijing.复数意义，谓语用复数Thefirstisbetterthanthesecond.单数意义，谓语用单数作宾语Iwanttwo.直接宾语Givethebooktothethird.间接宾语作定语Ihavethreebooks.基数词修饰可数名词复数Heisonthesecondfloor.序数词修饰单数名词作表语Heisten(yearsold).说明年龄Shewasthefirsttoarrive.说明顺序作同位语Wetwowillgotogether.对we进行补充说明数词与名词的搭配规则：1.基数词+复数可数名词：threebooks（√）threebook（×）2.a/an+序数词+单数可数名词：表示"又一，再一"asecondchance（又一次机会）athirdtime（第三次）3.数词+量词+of+名词：twocupsofteathreepiecesofpaper中考真题再现：例9：______aregoingtovisitthemuseumtomorrow.A.ThreeweB.WethreeC.ThreeusD.Usthree答案：B解析：数词作同位语放在代词后。例10：Wouldyoulike______cupofcoffee?A.thetwoB.secondC.thesecondD.asecond答案：D解析：asecond表示"再来一杯"。考点6：数词的特殊用法与易错点中考要求：掌握数词的特殊表达理解数词的惯用法避免数词使用中的常见错误特殊数词表达：1.dozen（十二），score（二十）：twodozeneggs（两打鸡蛋）threescoreyears（六十年）2.表示数量约数：hundredsof（数百）thousandsof（数千）millionsof（数百万）注意：前面无具体数字，用复数+of3.表示年代：inthe1990s（在20世纪90年代）inhisfifties（在他50多岁时）4.表示编号：Room101（101房间）BusNo.5（5路公交车）LessonOne=thefirstlesson（第一课）易错点提醒：1.hundred/thousand/million：twohundred（√）twohundreds（×）（前有具体数字）hundredsof（√）hundredof（×）（前无具体数字）2.数词+名词作定语：用单数形式afiveyearplan（√）afiveyearsplan（×）atenminutewalk（√）atenminuteswalk（×）3.another+数词+名词：anotherthreedays=threemoredays（另外三天）4.数词大小写：句首用英文：Thirtystudentsareintheclassroom.（√）句首用阿拉伯数字：30studentsare...（尽量避免）中考真题再现：例11：______peoplevisitedthemuseumlastweek.A.HundredB.HundredsC.HundredofD.Hundredsof答案：D解析：表示约数"数百"，用hundredsof。例12：After______walk,hefeltverytired.A.twohourB.twohoursC.twohourD.twohours答案：C解析：数词+名词作定语用单数，加连字符。三、数词易错点考前速查易错点错误示例正确形式记忆技巧hundred加stwohundredstwohundred前有数字不加s分数表达twothirdtwothirds分子>1，分母加s时间表达ninepasthalfhalfpastninehalfpast+小时日期介词inMay1stonMay1st具体日期用on数词作定语two-hourswalktwo-hourwalk连字符连接用单数年龄表达10-years-oldboy10-year-oldboy作定语用单数序数词省略thelessononeLessonOne编号数字后置百分比fiftypercentfiftypercentpercent用单数四、数词中考模拟一、单项选择1.基数词拼写Thereare______daysinaweek.A.sevenB.seventhC.thesevenD.theseventh2.序数词用法Todayishis______birthday.A.twentyB.twentiethC.thetwentyD.thetwentieth3.分数表达______oftheearthiscoveredbywater.A.ThreefourB.ThreefourthC.ThreequartersD.Thirdquarter4.小数读法0.25shouldbereadas______.A.zeropointtwentyfiveB.zeropointtwofiveC.opointtwentyfiveD.pointtwofive5.百分数表达About75%ofthestudentspassedtheexam.75%reads______.A.seventyfivepercentB.seventyfivepercentsC.seventyfifthpercentD.seventyfifthpercents6.时间表达9:45canbereadas______.A.ninefortyfiveB.aquartertonineC.aquarterpastnineD.fortyfivepastnine7.日期表达Hewasborn______.A.inMay1,2000B.onMay1,2000C.atMay1,2000D.on2000,May18.年龄表达Heis______.A.10yearsoldB.10yearoldC.at10yearsoldD.in10yearsold9.数词作定语It'sa______walkfromheretothestation.A.tenminuteB.tenminutesC.tenminuteD.tenminutes10.概数表达______peopleattendedthemeeting.A.HundredofB.HundredsC.HundredsofD.Hundred11.编号表达Pleaseturnto______.A.pagetwentiethB.pagetwentyC.thepagetwentyD.thetwentiethpage12.序数词前冠词Hetried______time,andsucceeded.A.thesecondB.secondC.asecondD.two13.数词与名词搭配I'dlike______.A.twocoffeeB.twocoffeesC.twocupofcoffeeD.twocupsofcoffees14.年代表达Hewasborn______.A.in1990sB.inthe1990sC.in1990'sD.inthe1990s'15.数词句法功能______arefromChina.A.ThreethemB.ThemthreeC.ThreeofthemD.Theythree二、用英语写出下列数字16.15______17.40______18.第12______19.3/5______20.0.8______21.25%______22.101房间______23.5路公交车______24.2.5小时____