教学材料《计算机英语》-Unit3CE

AgendaWarm-upSection1:DialogueSection2:ReadingSection3:ComputerTermsSection4:ExercisesSelf-checklistUnit3OperatingsystemWarm-upLookatthetwoarchitecturechartsaboutWindowsandUNIX.FillintheblankswiththeChineseequivalents.Unit3OperatingSystemWarm-upUnit3OperatingsystemFillintheblankswiththeChineseequivalents.1.WindowsArchitecture_________________2.WindowsExecutableFile________________3.ApplicationLibraries___________________4.WindowsDLLs________________________5.GDI_________________________________6.KernelInterface_______________________7.ApplicationPrograms__________________8.UtilityPrograms_______________________9.Compilers___________________________10.CommandShell______________________视窗系统架构视窗系统可执行文件应用程序库视窗系统动态链接库图形设备接口内核接口应用程序实用程序编译程序命令外壳程序Section1:DialogueSituationsandDirectionsWordsandExpressionsRolePlayUnit3OperatingsystemSection1:DialogueSituationsAllcomputersmustuseoperatingsystems.Differentpeoplehavedifferentlikesanddislikesabouttheoperatingsystemstheyuse.Simon,astudentmajoringincomputer,wantstobuyapersonalcomputer,soheaskshisfriendGeorge,acomputerexpert,togivehimsomeadviceonoperatingsystem.DirectionsReadthefollowingdialogueinpairsandtalkabouttheoperatingsystemmentioned.Unit3OperatingSystemUnit3OperatingSystemSection1:Dialogue

WordsandExpressionsmust-haven.必需品desktop['desktɒp]n.台式机laptop['læptɒp] n.笔记本电脑tablet['tæblɪt] n.平板电脑assemble[ə'semb(ə)l]v.组装Android['ændrɔɪd] n.基于Linux平台的开源手机操作系统cost-effective['kɔ:stə'fektɪv]adj.有成本效益的，划算的；合算的OS(operatingsystem)n.操作系统identical[aɪ'dentɪk(ə)l]adj.完全相同的；同一的performance[pə'fɔːm(ə)ns]n.性能device[dɪ'vaɪs] n.设备；装置；终端fluency['fluːənsɪ] n.流畅；流畅性Section1:DialogueRolePlayA:Excuseme,Miss/Mrs/Mr...Whatisyouroperatingsystem?B:Well,itis...Unit3OperatingsystemSection2:ReadingPre-readingActivitiesTextWordsandExpressionsBasicTechnicalTermsUnit3OperatingSystemSection2:ReadingPre-readingActivitiesSomeofthefollowingpicturesstandforoperatingsystems.Pickthemout.

1()2()3()4()

5()6()7()Unit3OperatingSystem√√√√√Section2:ReadingText:OperatingSystem

Asweallknow,acomputersystemcanberoughlydividedinto4components:Thehardwareprovidesthebasiccomputingresources.Theapplicationprogramsdefinethewaysinwhichtheseresourcesareusedtosolvethecomputingproblemsoftheusers.Theremaybemanydifferentuserstryingtosolvedifferentproblems,sotheremaybemanydifferentapplicationprograms.Unit3OperatingsystemSection2:ReadingAnoperatingsystem(OS)issystemsoftwarethatmanagescomputerhardwareandsoftwareresourcesandprovidescommonservicesforcomputerprograms.Itactsasaninterfacebetweenauserofacomputerandthecomputerhardware.Itprovidesanenvironmentinwhichausermayexecuteprograms.Theprimarygoalofanoperatingsystemisthustomakethecomputersystemconvenienttouse.Asecondarygoalistousethecomputerhardwareinanefficientway.Wecanviewanoperatingsystemasaresourceallocator.Acomputersystemhasmanyresourceswhichmayberequiredtosolveaproblem:CPUtime,memoryspace,filestorage,input/output(I/O)devices,andsoon.Unit3OperatingSystemSection2:ReadingDesktopoperatingsystemDesktopoperatingsystemsareprimarilyusedonpersonalcomputers.Intermsofhardwarearchitecture,thePCmarketismainlydividedintotwocamps:PCandMac.Fromtheperspectiveofsoftware,itcanbemainlydividedintotwocategories:Unix-likeoperatingsystemandWindowsoperatingsystem:1.UnixandUnix-likeOS：MacOSX,Linuxdistribution（Debian,Ubuntu,LinuxMint,openSUSE,Fedora,etc.）2.MicrosoftWindowsOS:WindowsXP，WindowsVista，Windows7，Windows8etc.Thereareawidevarietyofoperatingsystemsthatcanbeinstalledonvariousdevices.Accordingtothecategoriesofapplications,OSfallsintothreemajorclassifications:desktopoperatingsystem，serveroperatingsystemandembeddedoperatingsystem.Unit3OperatingSystemSection2:ReadingEmbeddedoperatingsystemEmbeddedoperatingsystemistheoperatingsystemappliedinembeddedsystem.Embeddedsystemsarewidelyusedinallaspectsoflife,rangingfromportabledevicestolargefixedfacilities,suchasdigitalcameras,mobilephones,tabletcomputers,householdappliances,medicalequipment,trafficlights,avionicsandfactorycontrolequipment.ServeroperatingsystemAserveroperatingsystemgenerallyreferstoanoperatingsysteminstalledonamainframecomputer,suchasaWebserver,anapplicationserver,adatabaseserver,andsoon.Serveroperatingsystemsaremainlyconcentratedinthreecategories:1.Unixseries:SUNSolaris，IBM-AIX，HP-UX，FreeBSDetc.2.Linuxseries:RedHatLinux，CentOS，Debian，Ubuntuetc.3.Windowsseries:WindowsServer2003，WindowsServer2008，WindowsServer2008R2etc.Unit3OperatingSystemSection2:ReadingOperatingsystemscommonlyusedinthefieldofEmbeddedincludeEmbeddedLinux,WindowsEmbedded,VxWorks,etc.,aswellasoperatingsystemswidelyusedinsmartphonesortabletsandotherelectronicproducts,suchasAndroid,iOS,Symbian,WindowsPhoneandBlackBerryOS,etcUnit3OperatingsystemUnit3OperatingSystemSection2:Reading

WordsandExpressionsroughly[ˈrʌfli] adv.大约，大致component[kəmˈpəʊnənt] n.部分；成分define[dɪˈfaɪn] vt.定义interface['ɪntəfeɪs] n.接口，交界面coordinate[kəʊ'ɔ:dɪneɪt]vt.协调purpose[ˈpɜ:pəs] n.目的execute[ˈeksɪkju:t] v.执行；完成；履行primary['praɪm(ə)rɪ] adj.主要的；初级的；基本的convenient[kənˈvi:niənt] adj.方便的secondary['sek(ə)nd(ə)rɪ] adj.次要的；第二的efficient[ɪˈfɪʃnt]] adj.有效地；高效率的.allocator[ˈæləkeɪt] vt.分配Unit3OperatingSystemSection2:Reading

WordsandExpressionsvariety[və'raɪətɪ] n.多样；种类device[dɪ'vaɪs] n.设备；装置；终端category['kætɪg(ə)rɪ] n.种类，分类；范畴classification[ˌklæsɪfɪˈkeɪʃn] n.分类，类别；等级embedded[ɪm'bedɪd] adj.嵌入式的，植入的，内含的architecture['ɑːkɪtektʃə] n.建筑；架构camp[kæmp] n.露营；营地；阵营

perspective[pə'spektɪv] n.观点；远景mainframe['meɪnfreɪm] n.主机；大型机database[‘deɪtəbeɪs] n.数据库，资料库Unit3OperatingSystemSection2:Reading

WordsandExpressionsconcentrate['kɒns(ə)ntreɪt] vt.集中，专注于series['sɪəriːz] n.系列；连续aspect['æspekt] n.方面；方向portable['pɔːtəb(ə)l] adj.手提的；便携式的facility[fəˈsɪləti] n.工具；设备digital['dɪdʒɪt(ə)l] adj. 数字的；数码的tablet['tæblɪt] n.平板电脑equipment[ɪ'kwɪpm(ə)nt] n.设备；器材avionics[,eɪvɪ'ɒnɪks] n.航空电子设备environment[ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt] n.环境Unit3OperatingSystemSection2:Readingoperatingsystem 操作系统applicationprogram 应用程序hardwareresources 硬件资源resourceallocator 资源分配器CPUtime CPU时序memoryspace 储存空间filestoragespace 文件储存空间input/output(I/O)device 输入输出设备DesktopOS 桌面操作系统hardwarearchitecture 硬件架构

BasicTechnicalTermsUnit3OperatingSystemSection2:ReadingUnix-likeOS 类Unix操作系统Linuxdistribution Linux发行版ServerOS 服务器操作系统mainframecomputer 大型计算机EmbeddedOS 嵌入式操作系统digitalcameras 数码相机tabletcomputer 平板电脑householdappliance 家用电器embeddedLinux 嵌入式Linux

BasicTechnicalTermsSection2:Reading

Tellwhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F).()1.Acomputersystemcanberoughlydividedinto4parts:thehardware,thesoftware,theapplicationprogramsandtheusers.()2.Anoperatingsystemcanbeviewedasacontrolprogram.()3.Theoperatingsystemprovidesthebasiccomputingresources.()4.Withanoperatingsystem,itisconvenientfortheprogrammerstoperformsomeverycomplextasksofprogramming.()5.WindowsXP，WindowsVista，Windows7，Windows8ofMicrosoftareinthegroupofServerOS.Unit3OperatingSystemFTFTFUnit3OperatingSystemSection3:ComputerTermsUNIXOperatingSystemUNIX操作系统，它是一个强大的多用户、多任务操作系统，支持多种处理器架构，按照操作系统的分类，属于分时操作系统，最早由KenThompson、DennisRitchie和DouglasMcIlroy于1969年在AT&T的贝尔实验室开发。该系统采用树状目录结构，具有良好的安全性，保密性和可维护性。UNIX系统大部分是由C语言编写的，这使得系统易读，易修改，易移植。它提供了丰富的，精心挑选的系统调用，整个系统的实现十分紧凑，简洁。Unit3OperatingSystemSection3:ComputerTermsLINUXOperatingSystemLinux操作系统，它是一套免费使用和自由传播的类Unix操作系统，是一个基于POSIX和UNIX的多用户、多任务、支持多线程和多CPU的操作系统。它能运行主要的UNIX工具软件、应用程序和网络协议。它支持32位和64位硬件。Linux继承了Unix以网络为核心的设计思想，是一个性能稳定的多用户网络操作系统。Section3:ComputerTermsNovellOperatingSystemNovell操作系统，是Novell公司的产品，它被认为是网络服务器操作系统的鼻祖，其产品早在20世纪80年代就进入中国。Novell,Inc是世界上最具实力的网络系统公司，曾经在全世界软件行业中排名第五。Unit3OperatingSystemUnit3OperatingSystemSection3:ComputerTermsOS/2OperatingSystemOS/2操作系统是由微软和IBM公司共同创造，后来由IBM单独开发的一套操作系统。OS/2是“OperatingSystem/2”的缩写，是因为该系统作为IBM第二代个人电脑PS/2系统产品线的理想操作系统引入的。在DOS于PC上的巨大成功后，以及GUI图形化界面的潮流影响下，IBM和Microsoft共同研制和推出了OS/2这一当时先进的个人电脑上的新一代操作系统。最初它主要是由Microsoft开发的，由于在很多方面的差别，微软最终放弃了OS/2而转向开发Windows“视窗”系统。Unit3OperatingSystemSection3:ComputerTermsMacOSOperatingSystemmacOS操作系统是苹果公司为Mac系列产品开发的专属操作系统。MacOS是苹果Mac系列产品的预装系统，处处体现着简洁的宗旨。MacOS是全世界第一个基于FreeBSD系统采用“面向对象操作系统”的全面的操作系统。“面向对象操作系统”是史蒂夫·乔布斯（SteveJobs）于1985年被迫离开苹果后成立的NeXT公司所开发的。后来苹果公司收购了NeXT公司。史蒂夫·乔布斯重新担任苹果公司CEO，Mac开始使用的MacOS系统得以整合到NeXT公司开发的Openstep系统上。现在最新的正式版本是macOSMojave。Section3:ComputerTermsWindowsXPOperatingSystemWindowsXP操作系统是美国微软公司研发的基于X86、X64架构的PC和平板电脑使用的操作系统，于2001年8月24日发布RTM版本，并于2001年10月25日开始零售。其名字中“XP”的意思来自英文中的“体验（Experience）”。该系统是继Windows2000及WindowsME之后的下一代Windows操作系统，也是微软首个面向消费者且使用WindowsNT5.1架构的操作系统。Unit3OperatingSystemUnit3OperatingSystemSection3:ComputerTermsWindows7OperatingSystemWindows7操作系统，是由微软公司（Microsoft）开发的操作系统，内核版本号为WindowsNT6.1。Windows7可供家庭及商业工作环境：笔记本电脑、平板电脑、多媒体中心等使用。和同为NT6成员的WindowsVista一脉相承，Windows7继承了包括Aero风格等多项功能，并且在此基础上增添了些许功能。Windows7可供选择的版本有：初级版（Starter）、家庭普通版（HomeBasic）、家庭高级版（HomePremium）、专业版（Professional）、企业版（Enterprise）（非零售）、旗舰版（Ultimate）。2009年7月14日，Windows7正式开发完成，并于同年10月22日正式发布。10月23日，微软于中国正式发布Windows7。2015年1月13日，微软正式终止了对Windows7的主流支持，但仍然继续为Windows7提供安全补丁支持，直到2020年1月14日正式结束对Windows7的所有技术支持。Unit3OperatingSystemSection4:ExercisesI.Fillintheblankswiththewordsorphrasesofthetext.1.Acomputersystemcanberoughlydividedinto4___________.2.Thehardwareprovidesbasiccomputing___________.3.AnOperatingSystem(OS)actsasan___________betweenauserofacomputerandthecomputerhardware.4.Wecanviewanoperatingsystemasaresource___________.5.OSfallsintothreemajorclassifications:____________________,_______________and__________________.componentsresourcesinterfaceallocatordesktopOSserverOSembeddedOSSection4:ExercisesII.Filltheblankswiththefollowingwordsorphrases.Changetheformifnecessary.1.Whenwesay'diggers',we

__________

anyoutsideundergroundanimal.2.

Iwonderifthey'd

__________

ahyperlink（超链接）tooursite.3.Ninety-ninepercentof__________pupilsnowhavehands-onexperienceofcomputers.4.Itslargesizemakestheparkmoredifficultto_______________.5.Youcanchoosewhatyoulikefrom________________________electronicproducts.6.Couldyoudomeafavortotellmehowtofinishtheassignment__________________?7.Mr.Li__________groupleaderwhileMr.Zhangwasill．8.Thelargebirthdaycake__________________severalpieces.Unit3OperatingSystemactasrefertomanageawidevarietyofdivideintoprovideprimaryinanefficientwayrefertoprovideprimarymanageawidevarietyofinanefficientwayactedaswasdividedintoSection4:ExercisesIII.

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.1.Acomputersystemcanberoughlydividedinto4components,thehardware,theoperatingsystem,theapplicationprograms,theusers.

2.Theremaybemanydifferentuserstryingtosolvedifferentproblems,sotheremaybemanydifferentapplicationprograms.

3.Anoperatingsystem(OS)issystemsoftwarethatmanagescomputerhardwareandsoftwareresourcesandprovidescommonservicesforcomputerprograms.

Unit3OperatingSystem译文：计算机系统大致可以分为四个部分：硬件，操作系统，应用软件和用户。译文：可能有许多不同的用户试图解决不同的问题，所以可能有很多不同的应用程序。译文：操作系统(OS)是管理计算机硬件和软件资源并为计算机程序提供公共服务的系统软件。Section4:ExercisesIII.

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.4.Acomputersystemhasmanyresourceswhichmayberequiredtosolveaproblem:CPUtime,memoryspace,filestoragespace,input/output(I/O)devices,andsoon.

5.Embeddedsystemsarewidelyusedinallaspectsoflife,rangingfromportabledevicestolargefixedfacilities,suchasdigitalcameras,mobilephones,tabletcomputers,household