全球甲烷追踪器2026（英文）

GlobalMethaneTracker2026

GlobalMethaneTracker2026Abstract

IEA.CCBY4.0.

PAGE|2

Abstract

Aroundtheworld,manycountrieshavemadereductionsinmethaneemissionsapolicypriorityaspartoftheireffortstolimitnear-termglobalwarming,enhanceenergysecurity,andimproveairquality.Theenergysectorincludingoil,naturalgas,coalandbioenergyaccountsforaround40%ofmethaneemissionsfromhumanactivityandhassomeofthebestopportunitiestocuttheseemissions.TheannuallyupdatedGlobalMethaneTrackerprovidesessentialdataonmethaneemissionsacrosstheenergysectorandtheopportunitiestobringthemdown.

TheTrackerpresentstheIEAslatestsector-wideemissionsestimatesbasedonthemostrecentdatafromsatellitesandmeasurementcampaignsanddiscussesdifferentabatementoptionsalongwiththeirassociatedcosts.Thisyear'seditionincludesachapterontheeffortsamongnumerouscountriestodevelopmarketplacesforfuelswithnear-zeromethaneintensity.Itisaccompaniedbyatemplateframeworktohelpcountriesrespondtosatellite-detectedlarge-emissionsevents,aswellasanupdatetotheIEA'sinteractivedatatoolonmethane,whichincludesenhancedpolicytrackingforgovernmentsandnationaloilcompanies.

GlobalMethaneTracker2026Tableofcontents

IEA.CCBY4.0.

PAGE|3

Tableofcontents

Keyfindings 4

Understandingmethaneemissions 14

Policytrends 25

Addressingmethaneinthemarketplace 34

Strategiestospeedaction 41

Recentinsightsfrommethaneemissionsstudies 50

R

egionalinsights 57

CentralandSouthAmerica 57

China 59

Eurasia 61

Europe 63

MiddleEastandNorthAfrica 65

NorthAmerica 67

SouthandSoutheastAsia 69

Sub-SaharanAfrica 72

OtherAsiaPacific 74

A

nnex 76

Methodology 76

Abbreviations 76

GlobalMethaneTracker2026Keyfindings

IEA.CCBY4.0.

PAGE|4

Keyfindings

Nosignthatglobalenergy-relatedmethaneemissionsfellin2025despiteprogressinsomeareas

Thefossilfuelsectoraccountsforaround35%ofmethaneemissionsfromhumanactivity,yetthereisstillnosignthatmethaneemissionsfromfossilfueloperationsarefalling,despitewell-knownandprovenmitigationpathways.Oil,gasandcoalproductionoutputreachedrecordhighsin2025,andtheInternationalEnergyAgency(IEA)estimatesthatmethaneemissionsfromtheseactivitiestotal

124milliontonnes(Mt)ayear:oilisthelargestsourceat45Mt,followedbycoalat43Mt,andnaturalgasat36Mt.Afurther20Mtcomesfrombioenergyproductionandconsumption,largelyfromtheincompletecombustionoftraditionalbiomassusedforcookingandheatingindevelopingeconomies.

AlthoughIEA-estimatedfossilfuelemissionsremainatveryhighlevels,satelliteandinventorydatafrom2025pointtoprogressinsomecountries.Thisincludesfewersuper-emittingeventsdetectedfromoilandgasoperationsinAlgeria,andArgentina,aswellas

studies

suggestingthatthegrowthincoalmineemissionsinthePeoplesRepublicofChina(hereafterChina)hasbeendampenedinrecentyearsasaresultoftighterregulationsandstructuralchangesinproduction.Globally,improvementsinupstreamemissionsintensityforoilandnaturalgashaveoffsetrisingoutput.

Methaneemissionsfromfossilfuels,2000-2025

Emissions(Mt)

160

120

80

40

Abandonedfacilities

Satellite-detectedlargeemissionsevents

Coal:

Cokingcoal

Steamcoalandlignite

Oilandgas:DownstreamUpstream

200020052010201520202025

IEA.CC.BY.4.0

Note:Mt=milliontonnes.Satellite-detectedlargeemissionseventsincludeoil,gasandcoalsectorsandabandoned

facilities,exceeding1tonneperhourandconservativelyscaledtoannualestimatesforregionswithatleast10daysofobservationcoverage(see

Documentation

forfurtherinformation).

Source:IEAestimatesbasedonmeasured,satellite,andinferreddata.

GlobalMethaneTracker2026Keyfindings

IEA.CCBY4.0.

PAGE|5

Tacklingmethaneandflaringdeliversenergysecuritybenefits

TheongoingcrisisintheMiddleEastisreshapingtheglobalenergysystemanddisruptingaround20%ofgloballiquefiednaturalgas(LNG)tradeflows(around110bcmofgaspassedthroughtheStraitofHormuzin2025).Ascountriesseekalternativesourcesofgastoreplacelostvolumes,itisworthnotingthat

large

quantitiesofproducedgasarenotbeingputtoproductiveuse,

owingtomethaneleaks,andflaringandventingfromoilandgasoperations.Whilenotallofthiswastecanberecovered,reducingflaringandmethaneemissionshasthepotentialtobringsignificantadditionalvolumestomarket.

Weestimatethatnearly100billioncubicmetres(bcm)ofnaturalgascouldbemadeavailableannuallythroughaglobalefforttocutmethanefromoilandgasoperations,withafurther100bcmunlockedthroughtheeliminationofnon-emergencyflaringworldwide.

Itwouldtaketimetodeploytheequipmentandinfrastructureneededtoachievecutsofthismagnitude.Butintheimmediatefuture,ifcountrieswithspareexportcapacityandgasimportersweretoimplementabatementmeasuresacrosstheirupstreamanddownstreamoperations,weestimatethatnearly15bcmcouldbemadeavailableinasufficientlyshortperiodoftimetoprovidesomerelieftogasmarkets.

Potentialadditionalnaturalgassupplyfromabatementofgas-relatedmethaneemissions

Billioncubicmetres(bcm)

10

8

6

4

2

ExportingcountrieswithsparecapacityImportingcountries

TurkmenistanAlgeriaNigeria

Indonesia

Malaysia

Australia

Total

potential

additional

supply

ChinaOther

Asia

European

Union

Total

potential

additional

supply

IEA.CC.BY.4.0

Note:Forexportingcountries,potentialsupplyreflectsupstreamemissionsthatcouldbecapturedwherespareliquefiednaturalgas(LNG)orpipelineexportcapacityexists.Forimportingcountries,itreflectsemissionsfromimportterminals,transmissionnetworksandlimiteddomesticproduction.

Source:IEAestimatesbasedonmeasured,satellite,andinferreddata(see

Documentation

forfurtherinformation).

GlobalMethaneTracker2026Keyfindings

IEA.CCBY4.0.

PAGE|6

Around70%offossil-fuelmethaneemissionscomefromthetop10emittingcountries

Theavailability,qualityandreportingofmethaneemissionsdatahaveincreasedsignificantlyinrecentyearsbutremainsveryunevenbetweencountries.Whileuncertaintyremainshigh,theIEAestimatesthatmorethan85Mtofemissionstiedtofossilfuelsoperationsin2025camefromthe10biggestemittersofmethane.Chinaisthelargestemitter,drivenbycoaloperations,followedbytheUnitedStatesandtheRussianFederation(hereafter“Russia”).

TheIEAestimatesthattheglobalaverageupstreammethaneintensityofoilandgasproductionhasfallenbyaround10%since2019,butperformancevarieswidelyacrosscountries.Thebestperformersscoremorethan100timesbetterthantheworst.Norwayrecordsthelowestupstreamintensity,whileproducersintheMiddleEast,includingSaudiArabiaandtheUnitedArabEmirates(UAE),alsoperformrelativelywell.Bycontrast,TurkmenistanandVenezuelahavebyfarthehighestmethaneintensities.

Coalminemethaneintensitiesarehigheronaveragethanthoseofoilandgas,buttheyarealsohighlyvariable.Themostintensivecoal-sectoremissionsarefoundintheCaspianSearegion,whileIndia,IndonesiaandAustraliaallrecordintensitiesthatarewellbelowtheglobalaverage.

Highemissionsintensitiesarenotinevitable:theycanbereducedcost-effectivelythroughacombinationofrobustoperationalstandards,policyactionandtechnologydeployment.Bestpracticeinallthreeareasisalreadywellestablished.

Methaneemissionsandintensitiesofthetop10emittingcountries,2025

Dataavailability:

Emissions(Mt)

25

20

15

10

5

LimitedModerateNoneLimitedLimitedLimitedNoneNoneLimitedLimited

Intensity(kgmethane/GJ)

1.5

1.2

0.9

0.6

0.3

ChinaUnitedRussiaIranTurkme-IndiaVene-Indo-Kazakh-Iraq

Statesnistanzuelanesiastan

Emissions:OilandnaturalgasCoalUpstreamintensities(rightaxis):OilandgasCoal

IEA.CCBY4.0.

Notes:Upstreammethaneintensity=upstreamfossilfuelmethaneemissionsdividedbytotalfuelsupplyinenergyterms,assumingthatmethanehasanenergydensityof55megajoulesperkilogram(MJ/kg).

Source:IEAestimatesbasedonmeasured,satellite,andinferreddata(see

Documentation

forfurtherinformation).

GlobalMethaneTracker2026Keyfindings

IEA.CCBY4.0.

PAGE|7

Coverageofpledgesandtargetscontinuestoexpand

In2021,morethan100countriesjoinedtheEuropeanUnionandtheUnitedStatestolaunchthe

GlobalMethanePledge

(GMP),acollectivecommitmenttoreduceglobalmethaneemissionsby30%by2030.Today,159countriesplustheEuropeanUnionparticipate,coveringnearlythree-quartersofglobaloilandgasproductionandaround65%ofsectoralmethaneemissions.Severalincluding

Colombia

,the

EuropeanUnion

and

Nigeria

haveintroducedcomprehensivemethaneregulationstoimplementtheirpledges.ChinaisnotpartoftheGMP,butin2023itadopteda

NationalMethaneActionPlan

coveringtheenergy,agricultureandwastesectors.

Thepastfiveyearshavealsoseenconsiderableprogressinindustryengagementonmethane.Thelaunchofthe

OilandGasDecarbonisationCharter

(OGDC)in2023buildsonearliereffortssuchasthe

OilandGasClimateInitiative

(OGCI)andthesteadyexpansionoftheUnitedNationsEnvironmentalProgramme(UNEP)s

OilandGasMethanePartnership2.0

(OGMP2.0).In2021,lessthan20%ofglobaloilandgasproductionwascoveredbycompanycommitmentstonear-zeroemissions;today,morethanhalfis.Mostoftheindustryappearstobefollowingtheleadofgovernments:lessthan10%ofglobalproductioniscoveredsolelybyvoluntaryindustrypledges.

Tohelpachieveexistingcommitmentstocutemissions,countriescanlearnfromjurisdictionswithprovenpoliciesandregulations,companiescansharebestpractices,andallcanbenefitfrombetter,moretransparentdata.

Globaloilandgasproductioncoveredbycountryandcompanypledges

CountriesCompanies

100%

80%

60%

40%

20%

20212022202320242025

GlobalMethanePledgeChinaNMAP

20212022202320242025

OGMPBothOGDCOtherwithnear-zerotarget

Nopledge/target

IEA.CCBY4.0.

Notes:Shareofproductionunderreductiontargets.ChinaNMAP=ChinaNationalMethaneActionPlan.OGMP=OilandGasMethanePartnership2.0.OGDC=OilandGasDecarbonizationCharter(56companies).Otherwithnear-zerotargetincludescompaniesthathavepledgednear-zeromethaneemissionsoutsideofanindustryinitiative.

GlobalMethaneTracker2026Keyfindings

IEA.CCBY4.0.

PAGE|8

Around30%ofmethaneemissionsfromfossilfueloperationscouldbereducedatnocost

Inoilandgas,abatementsolutionsincludeupgradingequipmentthatemitsbydesign–forexample,replacingwetcompressorsealswithdryones–anddeployingvapour-recoveryunitstocapturelow-pressuremethaneflows.Forcoal,emissionscanbereducedbycapturingandusingmethanefrommines,orbydestroyingitthroughflaringoroxidationtechnologies.

Around70%ofmethaneemissionsfromfossilfuels–nearly85Mt–canbeabatedwithexistingtechnology,includingthree-quartersofemissionsfromoilandgasandabouthalfofcoalemissions.Morethan35Mtcouldbeavoidedatnonetcost,basedonaverageenergypricesin2025.Thisisbecausetherequiredcapitalandoperatingcostsofabatementarelowerthanthemarketvalueofthegascapturedandsoldorused.Theeconomicslookevenmoreattractivein2026,asfuelpricescomeunderupwardpressurefromtheconflictintheMiddleEast.

Marginalabatementcostcurvesformethaneemissionsfromfossilfuels,2025

USD/tCO2-eq

20

10

0

-10

102030405060Emissions(Mt)

Downstream

Downstream

OilNaturalgas

Upstream

Upstream

5101520Emissions(Mt)

CokingcoalSteamcoalandlignite

UndergroundSurface

UndergroundSurface

IEA.CCBY4.0.

Notes:USD=UnitedStatesdollar.tCO2-eq=tonnesofcarbondioxideequivalent.Mt=milliontonnes.

N

Source:IEAestimatesbasedonmeasured,satellite,andinferreddata(see

Documentation

forfurtherinformation).

GlobalMethaneTracker2026Keyfindings

Upstreamactivitiescause80%ofoilandgasmethane,makingthemthetoppriorityforaction

Stoppingupstreamemissionsfromoilandgasoperationsisamongthemosteffectivewaystoreducemethane.Morethan50Mtcanbeabatedwithexistingtechnology.Implementingthesemeasureswouldlowertheglobalaverageupstreammethaneemissionsintensityofoilandnaturalgasproductiontolessthan0.2%fromaround1%in2025.

1

Themostcost-effectiveoptionsavailabletodayforreducingemissionsincludeleakdetectionandrepair(LDAR);replacingpumpsandothermethane-emittingequipmentwithelectricdevices;usingvapour-recoveryunits(VRUs)tocaptureventedgas;andusingassociatedgas,forexampletopowermicroturbinesforpowergeneration.Nearly30Mtofupstreamoilandgasemissionscouldbeabatedatnonetcostunder2025energyprices.

Applyingtried-and-testedpoliciestocutmethanefromupstreamoilandgasoperationsisoneofthemosteffectivestepspolicymakerscantake.TheEuropeanUnionand

Canada

haverecentlyintroducedrobustupstreamregulations,while

Kazakhstan

,Braziland

Ghana

areallintheprocessofdoingso.

Globalmethaneemissionsfromoilandgasoperationsandemissionsintensityofupstreamoperations,2019-2025

Emissions(Mt)

90

60

30

Intensity(kgmethane/GJ)

1.8

Downstream

Upstream

1.2

Upstreamintensity(rightaxis)

0.6

2019202020212022202320242025Withfullabatement

IEA.CCBY4.0.

Source:IEAestimatesbasedonmeasured,satellite,andinferreddata(see

Documentation

forfurtherinformation).

1Methaneintensityiscalculatedhereinenergytermsastotalmethaneemissionsfromupstreamoperationsdividedbymarketedoilandgasproduction,assumingmethanehasanenergydensityof55megajoulesperkilogram(MJ/kg).ThismetricisnotdirectlycomparablewiththeOGCIdefinition,whichiscalculatedastheratioofmethaneemissionsfromoperatedupstreamassetstomarketedgasvolumes,expressedasapercentage.

IEA.CCBY4.0.

PAGE|9

GlobalMethaneTracker2026Keyfindings

IEA.CCBY4.0.

PAGE|10

Implementingtried-and-testedpoliciesgloballycouldcutoilandgasmethaneemissionsbymorethanhalf

Various

tried-and-testedpolicies

forcuttingmethanehavebeensuccessfullyappliedindifferentjurisdictionsandcontexts.Theseincludelimitingflaringandventing,requiringLDARprogrammes,andintroducingtechnologystandards.Thesepoliciesdonotrequireafullyestablishedbaselineorinventory.

Ifeverycountryweretoimplementthesetried-and-testedpolicies,weestimatethatglobalmethaneemissionsfromoilandgasoperationswouldshrinkbymorethanhalf.Ifadditionalpoliciesthatrelyonmorepreciseemissionsdata–suchasemissionspricing,financinginstrumentsandperformancestandards–werealsoadoptedglobally,methaneemissionsfromoilandgascouldbecutbymorethan75%.

Somecountrieshavealreadyimplementedsuchpoliciessuccessfully,offeringamodelforothersseekingtoreducetheirmethaneemissions.Norway,forexample,

bannednon-emergencyflaring

in1971andintroduceda

taxonnaturalgasventing

andflaring

in2015.Asaresult,ithassuccessfullymaintainedverylowlevelsofflaringandmethaneemissionsandtodayboaststhelowestemissionsintensityofanycountry.

Potentialmethaneemissionsreductionsfromtried-and-testedpolicies,2025

Emissions(Mt)

90

60

30

Zeronon-emergency

flaringandventing

Leakdetectionandrepair

Technologystandards

Emissionsin2025

Additionalpolicies

Remainingemissions

Tried-and-testedpolicies

WithNorway'smethaneintensity

IEA.CC.BY4.0

Notes:Mt=milliontonnes.Additionalpoliciesincludescertainequipmentreplacementsforoilandgasoperationsaswellasmonitoringandpluggingabandonedwells.

Source:IEAestimatesbasedonmeasured,satellite,andinferreddata(see

Documentation

forfurtherinformation).

IEA.CCBY4.0.

PAGE|11

Momentumisbuildingforaconsistentapproachtoimportstandardsformethaneintensityinfuels

The

COP30StatementonDrasticallyReducingMethaneEmissionsintheGlobal

FossilFuelSector

urgesproducingandimportingcountriestodeepencooperationonmethaneemissionsandtoworktowarddevelopingaglobalmarketforfuelswithnear-zeromethaneintensity.Someimportingcountriesandregionshavestartedtoaddresstheemissionsassociatedwiththeirenergyconsumption.Startingin2030,the

EuropeanUnionMethaneRegulation

willrequireallimportedoil,gasandcoaltomeetadefinedmethane-intensitythreshold.

Japan,Korea

andthe

UnitedKingdom

havealsotakenstepstobetterunderstandandaddressmethaneemissionsassociatedwithimportedfossilfuels.

Morethan40%ofglobaloiland25%ofnaturalgasandcoalistradedinternationally.Formanyimporters,mostoftheemissionsassociatedwiththeirfossilfuelconsumptionoriginateabroad.IntheEuropeanUnion,theUnitedKingdom,Japan,Korea,andChina,themethanetiedtoimportedoilandgas(15Mtin2024)dwarfsthatfromdomesticproduction(5Mtin2024).

Theaverageupstreammethaneemissionsintensityofoilandgasimportsvarieswidelybycountry:basedonIEAestimates,itisaround1.3%forChina,1%fortheEuropeanUnionandUnitedKingdom,and0.6%forJapanandKorea.Ifthesefellto0.2%–thelevelthatcouldbeachievedgloballyifalltechnicallyavailablemeasuresweredeployed–emissionswoulddeclinebymorethan12Mt.

Potentialmethaneemissionsreductionsfromimportstandardsinselectedeconomiesinfull-compliancescenario

Emissions(Mt)

16

UK,JapanandKorea

12

8

China

4

EuropeanUnion

Domesticemissions

Importedemissions

EUnear-

zero

import

standard

Remaining

imported

emissions

Harmonised

near-zero

import

standard

IEA.CC.BY4.0

Notes:Mt=milliontonnes.Potentialemissionsreductionsareestimatedbasedon2024tradeandemissionsintensitydata.

Source:IEAestimatesbasedonmeasured,satellite,andinferreddata(see

Documentation

forfurtherinformation).

IEA.CCBY4.0.

PAGE|12

Detectionanddataprocessingcontinuetoimprove

Dozensofsatellitesinorbitcanprovideinsightsonmethaneemissions.TheserangefromglobalfluxmappersliketheTroposphericMonitoringInstrument(TROPOMI)andtheGlobalObservingSatelliteforGreenhouseGasesandWater(GOSAT-GW),whichofferfrequent,wide-areacoveragebutcandetectonlythelargestplumes,tohigh-resolutionpointsourcesatelliteslikeTanager-1andGHGSat,whichcanidentifysmalleremissions,butovermorelimitedtargetareas.

Oneexampleofamethane-focussedsatelliteistheEnvironmentalDefenseFundsMethaneSAT.Althoughthesatellitestoppedoperatingaboutayearafterlaunch,analysisofthedataitcollectedcontinuestoyieldnewinsights.Itsobservationscoveredmajoronshoreoilandgasproducingbasinsin16countriesandtheyprovidesomeofthemostrobustestimatesofbasin-levelemissionsintensitiestodate.

IncountrieswhereMethaneSATcoveredmorethan25%ofoilandgasproduction(10ofthe16countrieswithdata),theproduction-weightedbasin-levelintensityestimatesderivedfromitsdataaligncloselywiththeIEAscountry-levelupstreamintensityestimates.

MethaneSATandIEAestimatesofmethaneemissionsintensitiesbycountry,2025

Methaneemissionsintensity(kg/GJ)

1.501.251.000.750.50

0.25

Algeria

Argentina

Australia

China

Egypt

India

Iran

Iraq

Kuwait

Mexico

SaudiArabia

Turkmenistan

UnitedArab

Emirates

UnitedStates

Uzbekistan

MethaneSATconfidencerangeMethaneSATaverageIEA

IEA.CC.BY4.0

Notes:kg/GJ=kilogrammespergigajoule.MethaneSATestimatesarederivedusingtheweightedaverageofbasin-levelintensitiesbasedonsatelliteinversionsfromobservationsin2024and2025.MethaneSATdataforAzerbaijannotshownasobservationscoveronshoreproductiononly,whichisasmallfractionoftotalproductioninthecountry.

Sources:MethaneSATintensitiesprovidedbytheEnvironmentalDefenseFund.IEAestimatesbasedonmeasured,satellite,andinferreddata(see

Documentation

forfurtherinformation).

IEA.CCBY4.0.

PAGE|13

Rapidmitigationofsatellite-detectedsuper-emittingeventscouldsignificantlyreduceglobalemissions

Since2022,the

MethaneAlertandResponseSystem

(MARS),managedbyUNEP'sInternationalMethaneEmissionsObservatory(IMEO),hasbeennotifyinggovernmentsandoperatorsoflargemethane-emissionsevents,sendingalertsdirectlytodesignated“focalpoints”–contactsresponsibleforcoordinatingaresponse.Whilethereisevidence–bothobservedandsubmittedbyfocalpointsthemselves–thatsomemitigationistakingplace,thereremainsconsiderablescopeforfasteractioninresponsetoalerts.

TheIEA,incollaborationwiththeIMEO,hasdevelopedafive-stepsequentialframeworktohelpcountriesimprovetheirresponsestoMARSnotifications.HadallcountriesfollowedtherecommendedtimelinesformitigatingtheemissionseventsdetectedbyMARSin2025,globaloilandgasemissionswouldhavebeenreducedbyaround6Mt–roughlyequivalenttototalupstreamemissionsfromtheCaspianregion.

PotentialemissionscutsfromexpeditedmitigationofMARS-notifiedeventsbyregion,2025

Emissions(Mt)

3

2

1

Eurasia

MENA

NorthAmerica

Nointervention

CSAMAsiaPacific

Expeditedresponse

Sub-SaharanAfrica

Europe

IEA.CC.BY4.0

Notes:Mt=milliontonnes.MENA=MiddleEastandNorthAfrica.CSAM=CentralandSouthAmerica.BasedonInternationalMethaneEmissionsObservatory(IMEO)dataofallactionableoilandgasplumes,methaneleakageratesandpersistencein2025.“Actionable”referstoplumesthat:havebeenvalidatedbyIMEOexperts;havebeendetectedwithinthelast15days;andcanbeattributedtoaspecificfacilityoroperator.EmissionsshownarebasedonemissionseventsverifiedbyMARSanddonotreflectthedistributionofemissionsoverregions;emissionseventscanbeobservedmoreeasilyinsomeregionsthanothers(see

Documentation

).Potentialreductionsarebasedonimplementationofmitigationmeasureswithin30daysofreceiptofthefirstMARSnotification.

GlobalMethaneTracker2026Understandingmethaneemissions

IEA.CCBY4.0.

PAGE|14

Understandingmethaneemissions

Atmosphericmethaneconcentrationscontinuetorise

Methane(CH4)isthesecond-mostharmfulgreenhousegasaftercarbondioxide(CO2),trappingoutgoingheatandwarmingtheatmospherethroughaprocessknownasradiativeforcing.Thoughitlingersintheatmosphereforfarlesstime(12years,comparedwithcenturiesforCO2),methaneabsorbssubstantiallymoreenergywhileitdoes.Cuttingmethaneemissionsthereforepromisessignificantnear-termclimatebenefits.Methanecarriesotherhazards,too:itcontributestotheformationofground-level(tropospheric)ozone,aharmfulpollutant,andmethaneleakscanalsoposeexplosionrisks.

Atmosphericmethaneconcentrationstodayare

2.7timeshigher

thantheywerebeforetheIndustrialRevolutionandmethaneisresponsiblefornearly

30%ofthe

riseinglobalaveragetemperatures

sincethatera.Atmosphericmeasurementsshowthatmethaneconcentrations,alongsideCO2,continuetoincreaseyear-on-year.

ThelatestGlobalMethaneBudget(2025)estimatesthatannualglobalmethaneemissionsreachedaround

610milliontonnes(Mt)

in2020,withhumanactivityaccountingforalmost

two-thirds

ofthetotalandnaturalsourcesmakinguptherest.

AnnualchangesinatmosphericCO2andmethaneconcentrations,2000-2024

Annualchange

1.0%

0.8%

0.6%

0.4%

0.2%

0

-0.2%

200020052010201520202024MethaneCO:

IEA.CCBY4.0.

Notes:CO2=Carbondioxide.

Source:IEAanalysisbasedondataprovidedby

NOAAGlobalMonitoringLaboratory.

GlobalMethaneTr