西方文化英文简介

1.概况（WestIsWest）2.古希腊文化（TheGreekCulture）3.罗马帝国（PaxRomana）4.希伯莱文化（AnEyeforanEye）5.中世纪（TheExpansionistMedievalPeriod）6.文艺复兴（BridgeBetweentheMiddleAgesandtheModernEra）7.十七世纪（Issuesofthe17thCenturyEuropeandTheirInfluence）LECTURESTheWest•TheClassicalWest•TheMedievalWest••TheModernWestGreco-RomanJudeo-ChristianTransitionalPeriodRenaissance&ReformationScientificRevolutionEnlightenmentEraofRevolutionGreatWars&ColdWarDynamicChangesWhatis“Culture”?《辞海》:人类社会由野蛮而至文明，其努力所得

之成绩，表现于各方面者，为科学、

艺术、宗教、道德、法律、风俗、习惯

等，其综合体，则谓之文化。

Culture:Theideas,customs,skills,arts,etc.ofagivenpeopleinagivenperiod.

(Webster’sNewWorldDictionary,1985)“Apeoplewithouttheknowledgeoftheirpasthistory,originandcultureislikeatreewithoutroots.” --MarcusGarvey (Jamaicanpublisher)--SirFrancisBacon“Historiesmakemenwise;poemswitty;themathematicssubtle;naturalphilosophydeep;moralgrave;logicandrhetoricabletocontend.”GreekColumnCapitals=themasculinestyle=thefemininestyleCorinthianDoricIonicCaryatid(女像柱)UnitOne WestisWest“TheWest”--developedcountriesTerra(Roman)=Gaia(Greek)=EarthMotherMediterraneanSeaTwoelementsof

WesternCultureTheGreco-RomanelementTheJudeo-ChristianelementTwoelementsof

WesternCultureTwoelementsof

WesternCulturePlace: aroundtheMediterraneanSeaPeople: theGreeks, theJewsLanguage: Hellenic(古希腊語), HebrewLiterature: mythological, religiousClassics: theHomericepics, TheBibleOriginsof

WesternCultureDualityThecradleofWesterncivilization?Flag?BlueandWhiteTheHellenicSeaRestlesswavesAphroditeΕλευθερίαήθάνατος(E-lef-the-ri-aiTha-na-tos)OrthodoxyGreekMythologyChaosGaea(motherofearth)Tartarus['tɑ:tərəs](underworld)Eros(love,sexualattraction)Erebus(darkness)Nyx(night)['dʒi:ə]Gaea

(theearthmotherearth)Uranus

(theskylordoftheuniverse

)Gaea

(theearthmotherearth)Ouranos

(theheavylordoftheuniverse

)6Titans&6TitanessesCoeusCriusCronusHyperionLapetusMnemosyneoceanus’PhoebeRheaTethysTheiaThemisArgesBrontesSteropes3Hecatonchires[.hekətɔn'kairi:z]3Cyclopes['saiklɔps]BriareusCottusGyes(lordoftheuniverse

)ThebirthofVenus(Aphrodite)—bySandroBotticelli,c.1485Cronus

RheaHestiaDemeterHeraPoseidonHadesZeusthelordoftheuniversewifeofZeusgoddessofwomen&

marriagegoddessofagriculturegoddessofthehearthanditsfireGodofsea,horses&earthquakesgodoftheunderworldgodofagriculturegoddessofplentyCronus&RheaCronusDevouringHisChildren12OlympiansCronus

RheaHestiaDemeter