2026年研究生入学考试英语一真题回忆版

2026年研究生入学考试英语一真题回忆版SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Theconceptof"digitaldetox"hasgainedconsiderabletractioninrecentyears,yetitsimplementationremainsfraughtwithdifficulty.Assmartphonesbecomeincreasingly__1__toourdailyexistence,theprospectofdisconnectinginducesapeculiarformofanxiety.Thisisnotmerelyamatterofwillpower;rather,itisareflectionofthesophisticateddesignprinciples__2__intomoderntechnology.Appsandplatformsareengineeredtocaptureandretainattention,utilizingvariablerewardschedulesthat__3__thesameneuralpathwaysactivatedbygambling.Consequently,theactofputtingdownone’sphonecanfeellikea__4__ofavitallifeline.Studieshaveshownthatthemerepresenceofasmartphone,evenifitissilentandfacedown,can__5__cognitivecapacity.The"always-on"culturehasblurredtheboundariesbetweenworkandleisure,creatingastateof__6__alertnessthatisdetrimentaltomentalhealth.Wecheckouremailscompulsively,notbecauseweexpectimportantnews,butbecauseweare__7__ahitofdopamine.However,thebenefitsofunpluggingaresubstantial.Researchindicatesthatperiodsofdisconnectioncan__8__creativityandimproveemotionalregulation.Whenweareconstantlybombardedwithinformation,ourbrainslackthedowntimenecessaryto__9__memoriesandprocesscomplexemotions.Bysteppingawayfromthescreen,weallowourselvesthespacetoengageindeepthoughtandmeaningfulface-to-faceinteractions.This,inturn,can__10__thesuperficialconnectionsthatoftencharacterizesocialmedia.Tosuccessfullynavigateadigitaldetox,onemustadoptastrategicapproach.__11__goingcoldturkey,whichoftenleadstorelapse,itismoreeffectivetoset__12__boundaries.Thismightinvolvedesignated"tech-freezones"inthehomeorspecifictimesofdaywhendevicesareputaway.Itisalsocrucialtofindalternativeactivitiesthatareinherently__13__,suchasreading,hiking,orpracticingamusicalinstrument.Ultimately,thegoalisnottodemonizetechnology,buttoregain__14__overitsuse.Wemustlearntoviewourdevicesastoolsthatserveus,ratherthanmastersthat__15__us.Inaworldwherealgorithmscompeteforourattention,theabilitytodisconnectisnotjustaluxury;itisa__16__forpreservingourautonomyandmentalwell-being.Thechallengeliesinresistingtheurgetoreachforthephonethemomentboredom__17__.Itrequiresrecognizingthatboredomisoftentheprecursorto__18__.Aswemoveforward,therelationshipbetweenhumanityandtechnologywillcontinuetoevolve.However,thefundamentalhumanneedforsilenceandreflectionremains__19__.Embracingadigitaldetoxis,inessence,areclaimingofourhumanityinanincreasingly__20__world.1.[A]integral[B]accidental[C]peripheral[D]inferior2.[A]looked[B]built[C]handed[D]taken3.[A]hinder[B]block[C]stimulate[D]soothe4.[A]use[B]creation[C]severance[D]repair5.[A]enhance[B]drain[C]ignore[D]measure6.[A]permanent[B]low[C]relaxed[D]hyper7.[A]avoiding[B]seeking[C]fearing[D]storing8.[A]stifle[B]boost[C]monitor[D]predict9.[A]erase[B]lose[C]consolidate[D]separate10.[A]deepen[B]mimic[C]replace[D]analyze11.[A]Despite[B]Through[C]Beyond[D]Insteadof12.[A]rigid[B]vague[C]realistic[D]global13.[A]boring[B]rewarding[C]passive[D]digital14.[A]control[B]speed[C]ground[D]interest15.[A]protect[B]define[C]govern[D]ignore16.[A]choice[B]necessity[C]failure[D]myth17.[A]disappears[B]strikes[C]helps[D]expands18.[A]creativity[B]anger[C]sleep[D]hunger19.[A]changed[B]constant[C]obsolete[D]optional20.[A]quiet[B]connected[C]digital[D]noisy【答案】1.A2.B3.C4.C5.B6.D7.B8.B9.C10.A11.D12.C13.B14.A15.C16.B17.B18.A19.B20.C【解析】1.Aintegral。考查形容词辨析。句意：随着智能手机变得对我们日常生活越来越不可或缺，断开连接的前景引发了一种特殊的焦虑。integral意为“不可或缺的，完整的”，符合语境。accidental意外的；peripheral外围的，次要的；inferior低劣的。2.Bbuilt。考查动词搭配。句意：这不仅仅是意志力的问题，而是反映了融入现代技术中的复杂设计原则。buildinto意为“使成为组成部分”，符合语境。3.Cstimulate。考查动词辨析。句意：利用可变奖励时间表来刺激与赌博激活的相同神经通路。stimulate刺激；hinder阻碍；block阻挡；soothe抚慰。4.Cseverance。考查名词辨析。句意：因此，放下手机的行为感觉像是切断了一条重要的生命线。severance切断，分离；use使用；creation创造；repair修理。5.Bdrain。考查动词辨析。句意：研究表明，仅仅存在智能手机，即使是静音且屏幕朝下，也会消耗认知能力。drain消耗；enhance增强；ignore忽略；measure测量。6.Dhyper。考查形容词搭配。句意：“时刻在线”的文化模糊了工作与休闲的界限，造成了一种对心理健康有害的过度警觉状态。hyperalertness过度警觉；permanent永久的；low低的；relaxed放松的。7.Bseeking。考查动词辨析。句意：我们强迫性地查收邮件，不是因为我们期待重要消息，而是因为我们正在寻求多巴胺的刺激。seeking寻求；avoiding避免；fearing恐惧；storing储存。8.Bboost。考查动词辨析。句意：研究表明，断开连接的时期可以提升创造力并改善情绪调节。boost提升；stifle扼杀；monitor监控；predict预测。9.Cconsolidate。考查动词辨析。句意：当我们不断被信息轰炸时，我们的大脑缺乏巩固记忆和处理复杂情绪所需的停机时间。consolidate巩固；erase擦除；lose丢失；separate分离。10.Adeepen。考查动词辨析。句意：反过来，这可以加深通常表征社交媒体的肤浅联系。deepen加深；mimic模仿；replace取代；analyze分析。11.DInsteadof。考查介词短语逻辑。句意：与其突然彻底戒断（这往往导致复发），不如设定现实的界限更有效。Insteadof而不是；Despite尽管；Through通过；Beyond超过。12.Crealistic。考查形容词辨析。句意：设定现实的界限更有效。realistic现实的；rigid僵硬的；vague模糊的；global全球的。13.Brewarding。考查形容词辨析。句意：找到本质上有益的替代活动也很重要。rewarding有益的；boring无聊的；passive被动的；digital数字的。14.Acontrol。考查名词搭配。句意：最终目标不是妖魔化技术，而是重新获得对其使用的控制权。regaincontrolover重新获得对...的控制。15.Cgovern。考查动词辨析。句意：我们必须学会将设备视为服务于我们的工具，而不是统治我们的主人。govern统治，支配；protect保护；define定义；ignore忽略。16.Bnecessity。考查名词辨析。句意：在一个算法争夺我们注意力的世界里，断开连接的能力不仅是一种奢侈品，更是维护我们自主权和心理健康的一种必要手段。necessity必需品；choice选择；failure失败；myth神话。17.Bstrikes。考查动词搭配。句意：挑战在于抗拒无聊来袭的那一刻伸手拿手机的冲动。boredomstrikes无聊来袭。18.Acreativity。考查名词辨析。句意：它需要认识到无聊往往是创造力的前兆。creativity创造力；anger愤怒；sleep睡眠；hunger饥饿。19.Bconstant。考查形容词辨析。句意：然而，人类对沉默和反思的基本需求保持不变。constant不变的；changed改变的；obsolete过时的；optional可选择的。20.Cdigital。考查形容词辨析。句意：本质上，拥抱数字排毒是在一个日益数字化的世界中重新找回我们的人性。digital数字的；quiet安静的；connected连接的；noisy嘈杂的。SectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1Theriseofartificialintelligence(AI)hasreignitedthedebateoverthenatureofconsciousnessandwhethermachinescanevertrulypossessit.WhilecurrentAIsystems,suchaslargelanguagemodels,canmimichumanconversationwithastonishingfluency,theylackthesubjectiveexperiencethatcharacterizesbiologicalsentience.Thisdistinction,oftenreferredtoasthe"hardproblem"ofconsciousness,remainsaformidablehurdleinthefieldofphilosophyandneuroscience.ProponentsofstrongAIarguethatconsciousnessisnotdependentonbiologicalsubstratebutratheroninformationprocessing.Ifamachineprocessesinformationinasufficientlycomplexway,theycontend,itwillinevitablyexhibitsignsofconsciousness.Thisfunctionalistviewsuggeststhatthehumanbrainismerelyabiologicalcomputer,andthatsilicon-basedalternativescouldtheoreticallyachievethesamementalstates.However,criticspointoutthatprocessinginformationisnotthesameasfeelingit.Acomputercanprocessthedatacorrespondingtopain,butitdoesnotfeelthesensationofpain.ProponentsofstrongAIarguethatconsciousnessisnotdependentonbiologicalsubstratebutratheroninformationprocessing.Ifamachineprocessesinformationinasufficientlycomplexway,theycontend,itwillinevitablyexhibitsignsofconsciousness.Thisfunctionalistviewsuggeststhatthehumanbrainismerelyabiologicalcomputer,andthatsilicon-basedalternativescouldtheoreticallyachievethesamementalstates.However,criticspointoutthatprocessinginformationisnotthesameasfeelingit.Acomputercanprocessthedatacorrespondingtopain,butitdoesnotfeelthesensationofpain.Theethicalimplicationsofthisdebateareprofound.Ifweweretocreateamachinethatclaimstobeconscious,atwhatpointdowegrantitmoralconsideration?Currently,wedestroyorreprogramalgorithmswithoutasecondthought.ButifanAIweresentient,doingsomightbetantamounttomurderorslavery.Conversely,ifweattributeconsciousnesstomachinesthatlackit,weriskdivertingresourcesandempathyawayfromactuallivingbeings.TherapidadvancementofAIcapabilitiesnecessitatesaproactiveapproachtothesequestions.Wecannotaffordtowaituntilmachinesareundeniablyconsciousbeforeestablishingethicalframeworks.Somescholarshaveproposedthe"precautionaryprinciple,"suggestingthatweshouldtreatpotentiallyconsciousentitieswithadegreeofrespect,justincase.Othersargueforastrictbiologicaldefinitionofrights,excludingnon-biologicalentitiesregardlessoftheirintelligence.Ultimately,thequestionofmachineconsciousnessforcesustoreflectonourownnature.Whatmakesushuman?Isitourabilitytoreason,orourcapacitytofeel?Aswedesignincreasinglyintelligentmachines,weare,inessence,holdingupamirrortoourselves.Thereflectionweseemaychallengeourassumptionsabouttheuniquenessofhumanexperienceandourplaceinthecosmos.21.The"hardproblem"ofconsciousnessrefersto______.[A]thedifficultyofcreatingAIthatmimicshumanlanguage[B]thechallengeofexplainingsubjectiveexperienceinphysicalterms[C]thetechnicalhurdlesinbuildingcomplexcomputerprocessors[D]theethicaldilemmaofwhethertotreatmachinesashumans22.ProponentsofstrongAIbelievethatconsciousness______.[A]isuniquetobiologicalorganisms[B]emergesfromcomplexinformationprocessing[C]cannotbereplicatedbysilicon-basedmachines[D]isdefinedbytheabilitytofeelpain23.Criticsofthefunctionalistviewarguethat______.[A]computerscannotprocessdatarelatedtopain[B]thehumanbrainfunctionsdifferentlyfromacomputer[C]informationprocessinglacksthequalitativeaspectoffeeling[D]AIsystemsaretoosimpletoexhibitmentalstates24.TheethicalimplicationsmentionedinParagraph3suggestthat______.[A]destroyingasentientAIcouldbeconsideredimmoral[B]AIshouldbegrantedthesamerightsashumansimmediately[C]resourcesshouldbeprioritizedforAIdevelopment[D]empathyisirrelevantinthefieldofAIresearch25.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsthefutureofAIethicscanbebestdescribedas______.[A]indifferent[B]optimistic[C]cautious[D]dismissive【答案】21.B22.B23.C24.A25.C【解析】21.B细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“Thisdistinction,oftenreferredtoasthe'hardproblem'ofconsciousness...”可知，“hardproblem”指的是区分主观体验与单纯的信息处理，即解释主观体验如何在物理基础上产生。B项符合。22.B细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“ProponentsofstrongAIarguethatconsciousnessisnotdependentonbiologicalsubstratebutratheroninformationprocessing.”可知，强人工智能的支持者认为意识依赖于信息处理。B项“emergesfromcomplexinformationprocessing”是对此的同义替换。23.C细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句“However,criticspointoutthatprocessinginformationisnotthesameasfeelingit.Acomputercanprocessthedatacorrespondingtopain,butitdoesnotfeelthesensationofpain.”可知，批评者认为处理信息不等于感受，即缺乏感受的质的特征。C项符合。24.A推理判断题。根据第三段第二句和第三句“ButifanAIweresentient,doingsomightbetantamounttomurderorslavery.”可知，如果AI有感知能力，销毁它可能等同于谋杀或奴役，即不道德。A项符合。25.C观点态度题。根据第四段第一句“TherapidadvancementofAIcapabilitiesnecessitatesaproactiveapproachtothesequestions.”以及提到的“precautionaryprinciple”（预防原则），作者对AI伦理的未来持谨慎态度，认为需要未雨绸缪。C项cautious（谨慎的）最符合。Text2Theglobalshifttowardsrenewableenergyisoftenframedasanenvironmentalimperative,butitisequallyaneconomicone.Whilefossilfuelshavepoweredindustrialgrowthforcenturies,theireconomicmodelisincreasinglybeingunderminedbythefallingcostsofrenewables.Solarandwindpower,onceconsideredexpensivenichealternatives,havebecomethecheapestsourcesofnewelectricityinmanypartsoftheworld.Thiscostcrossoverisnotjustatrend;itisafundamentalrestructuringoftheenergymarket.However,thistransitionisnotwithoutitslosers.Thefossilfuelindustry,longapillaroftheglobaleconomy,facesexistentialthreats.Communitiesthathavereliedoncoalminingoroildrillingforgenerationsareexperiencingeconomicdislocation.Thepoliticalbacklashispalpable,asseeninprotestsagainstpipelineclosuresandsubsidiesforgreenenergy.Thiscreatesadichotomybetweentheenvironmentalidealandtheeconomicrealityontheground.Tomanagethistransitionequitably,governmentsmustimplement"justtransition"policies.Thisconceptacknowledgesthatwhiletheshifttogreenenergyisnecessary,itmustnotleavebehindtheworkersandcommunitiesdependentontheoldenergyeconomy.Measuressuchasretrainingprograms,investmentinnewindustrieswithinaffectedregions,andtemporaryincomesupportarecrucial.Withoutthese,thesocialfabricofresource-dependentregionscouldunravel.Furthermore,theintermittencyofrenewableenergysourcesposesatechnicalchallenge.Thesundoesnotalwaysshine,andthewinddoesnotalwaysblow.Thisnecessitatessignificantinvestmentinenergystoragetechnologies,suchasadvancedbatteries,andingridmodernization.Theseinfrastructureprojectsrepresentamassiveeconomicopportunityinthemselves,potentiallycreatingmillionsofjobs.Thus,theenergytransitionisnotmerelyashiftinfuelsourcesbutacatalystforabroaderindustrialevolution.Thegeopoliticallandscapeisalsoshifting.Countriesthatdominatethesupplychainsforrenewabletechnologies—suchasChinawithitscontroloverlithiumandcobaltprocessing—standtogainsignificantinfluence.Conversely,traditionalpetrostatesmayseetheirleveragediminish.Thisrealignmentwillrequirenewdiplomaticstrategiesandalliances.Theenergytransitionisthereforeacomplex,multifacetedprocessthatintertwinesenvironmental,economic,social,andgeopoliticalthreads.26.Thepassagesuggeststhattheshifttorenewableenergyis______.[A]primarilyanenvironmentalmovement[B]drivensolelybygovernmentregulations[C]economicallyadvantageouscomparedtofossilfuels[D]tooexpensivetobeimplementedglobally27.Whatisthemainchallengefacedbyfossilfuel-dependentcommunities?[A]Lackofgovernmentsubsidies.[B]Economicdislocationandsocialupheaval.[C]Inabilitytoaccessnewtechnologies.[D]Environmentalpollutioncausedbyfossilfuels.28.Theconceptof"justtransition"emphasizestheneedto______.[A]prioritizeeconomicgrowthoverenvironmentalprotection[B]protecttheinterestsofworkersinthefossilfuelindustry[C]slowdownthetransitiontorenewableenergy[D]increasesubsidiesforfossilfuelcompanies29.Theintermittencyofrenewableenergysourcespresentsanopportunityfor______.[A]reducingtheneedforelectricity[B]developingstorageandgridtechnologies[C]increasingrelianceonfossilfuelsasbackup[D]decreasingglobalenergyconsumption30.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthegeopoliticalimpactoftheenergytransition?[A]Traditionalpetrostateswillmaintaintheirdominance.[B]Chinawillloseitsinfluenceinglobalenergymarkets.[C]Controloverrenewablematerialsupplychainswilldeterminepower.[D]Diplomaticallianceswillbecomelessimportant.【答案】26.C27.B28.B29.B30.C【解析】26.C细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Whilefossilfuelshavepoweredindustrialgrowthforcenturies,theireconomicmodelisincreasinglybeingunderminedbythefallingcostsofrenewables.”以及“Solarandwindpower...havebecomethecheapestsources...”可知，转向可再生能源在经济上是有利的，因为成本更低。C项符合。27.B细节理解题。根据第二段第三句“Communitiesthathavereliedoncoalminingoroildrillingforgenerationsareexperiencingeconomicdislocation.”可知，依赖化石燃料的社区面临经济错位和社会动荡。B项符合。28.B细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Thisconceptacknowledgesthatwhiletheshifttogreenenergyisnecessary,itmustnotleavebehindtheworkersandcommunitiesdependentontheoldenergyeconomy.”可知，“公正转型”强调不能抛下旧经济中的工人和社区，即保护他们的利益。B项符合。29.B细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“Theseinfrastructureprojectsrepresentamassiveeconomicopportunityinthemselves...”可知，解决间歇性问题需要投资储能和电网技术，这带来了巨大的经济机会。B项符合。30.C推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句“Countriesthatdominatethesupplychainsforrenewabletechnologies...standtogainsignificantinfluence.”可知，控制可再生能源技术供应链的国家将获得影响力。C项符合。Text3Intherealmofhighereducation,thetraditionallectureformathascomeunderscrutiny.Criticsarguethatthepassivenatureoflisteningtoaprofessorspeakforanhourisnotconducivetodeeplearning.Instead,activelearningstrategies—suchasgroupdiscussions,problem-solvingsessions,andin-classquizzes—aregainingpopularity.Thesemethodsengagestudentsdirectly,forcingthemtoapplyconceptsratherthanmerelymemorizefacts.Researchsupportsthisshift.AseminalstudypublishedinScienceshowedthatstudentsintraditionallectureswere1.5timesmorelikelytofailthanstudentsinactivelearningclasses.TheimprovementwasparticularlypronouncedinSTEMfields(Science,Technology,Engineering,andMathematics).Thedatasuggeststhatactivelearningnarrowstheachievementgapbetweenhighandlow-performingstudents,creatingamoreequitableclassroomenvironment.Researchsupportsthisshift.AseminalstudypublishedinScienceshowedthatstudentsintraditionallectureswere1.5timesmorelikelytofailthanstudentsinactivelearningclasses.TheimprovementwasparticularlypronouncedinSTEMfields(Science,Technology,Engineering,andMathematics).Thedatasuggeststhatactivelearningnarrowstheachievementgapbetweenhighandlow-performingstudents,creatingamoreequitableclassroomenvironment.Despitetheevidence,resistancetochangeremainshigh.Manyprofessorsareaccustomedtothelectureformatandviewitasthemostefficientwaytocoverlargeamountsofmaterial.Transitioningtoactivelearningrequiressignificantpreparationandashiftintheinstructor'srolefrom"sageonthestage"to"guideontheside."Thiscanbedauntingforfacultymemberswhohaveneverbeentrainedinpedagogicaltechniques.Moreover,studentsthemselvessometimesresistactivelearning.Itcanbemorecognitivelydemandinganduncomfortablethansimplytakingnotes.Somestudentsperceivethelackofastructuredlectureasalackofinstruction.Theymayfeelthattheyareteachingthemselves,leadingtodissatisfactionincourseevaluations.Thisphenomenon,knownasthe"learningfluency"illusion,occurswhenstudentsfeeltheyarelearningmorefromafluentlecturethanfromastruggleinactivelearning,evenwhenthelatterleadstobetterretention.Institutionsplayavitalroleinovercomingthesebarriers.Universitiesmustprovideincentivesandtrainingforfacultytoadoptnewmethods.Theyalsoneedtoeducatestudentsonthebenefitsofactivelearning,managingexpectationsfromthefirstdayofclass.Thefutureofhighereducationliesinbalancingtheefficiencyoflectureswiththeeffectivenessofactiveengagement.Itisnotaboutabandoningthelectureentirely,butusingitstrategicallyaspartofabroaderpedagogicaltoolkit.31.Thetraditionallectureformatiscriticizedbecauseit______.[A]istooexpensivetomaintain[B]encouragespassivelearning[C]isonlysuitableforhumanities[D]failstocoverenoughmaterial32.ThestudymentionedinParagraph2indicatesthatactivelearning______.[A]increasesthefailurerateinSTEMfields[B]benefitshigh-performingstudentsexclusively[C]promotesequityintheclassroom[D]islesseffectivethantraditionallectures33.Whyaresomeprofessorsresistanttoactivelearning?[A]Theybelieveitislessefficient.[B]Theylackthenecessarytraining.[C]Theyfearlowerstudentevaluations.[D]TheyareunfamiliarwithSTEMfields.34.The"learningfluency"illusionimpliesthatstudents______.[A]preferactivelearningdespitethedifficulty[B]underestimatethevalueofstruggleinlearning[C]learnbetterfromfluentlectures[D]aredissatisfiedwithcourseevaluations35.Theauthorconcludesthathighereducationshould______.[A]completelyreplacelectureswithactivelearning[B]focussolelyonSTEMfields[C]integratelecturesintoamixofteachingmethods[D]ignorestudentdissatisfaction【答案】31.B32.C33.A34.B35.C【解析】31.B细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Criticsarguethatthepassivenatureoflisteningtoaprofessorspeakforanhourisnotconducivetodeeplearning.”可知，传统讲座受批评是因为它鼓励被动学习。B项符合。32.C细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Thedatasuggeststhatactivelearningnarrowstheachievementgapbetweenhighandlow-performingstudents,creatingamoreequitableclassroomenvironment.”可知，主动学习缩小了成绩差距，促进了课堂公平。C项符合。33.A细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Manyprofessorsareaccustomedtothelectureformatandviewitasthemostefficientwaytocoverlargeamountsofmaterial.”可知，教授们认为讲座是覆盖大量材料的最有效方式，因此对主动学习有抵触，认为其效率低。A项符合。34.B句意理解。根据第四段最后一句“Thisphenomenon,knownasthe'learningfluency'illusion,occurswhenstudentsfeeltheyarelearningmorefromafluentlecturethanfromastruggleinactivelearning,evenwhenthelatterleadstobetterretention.”可知，这种错觉是指学生误以为流畅的讲座比主动学习中的挣扎学到的东西多，即低估了学习过程中挣扎（努力）的价值。B项符合。35.C观点态度题。根据最后一段最后一句“Itisnotaboutabandoningthelectureentirely,butusingitstrategicallyaspartofabroaderpedagogicaltoolkit.”可知，作者认为不应完全放弃讲座，而应将其作为更广泛教学工具箱的一部分。C项符合。Text4Theconceptof"culturalappropriation"hasbecomeaflashpointincontemporarydiscourse.Itgenerallyreferstotheadoptionofelementsfromaminorityculturebymembersofadominantculture,oftenwithoutunderstandingorrespectfortheoriginalcontext.Criticsarguethatthisisaformoftheftthatstripssacredormeaningfulsymbolsoftheirsignificance,reducingthemtomerecommodities.ThewearingofNativeAmericanheaddressesasfashionaccessoriesortheuseofAfricanAmericanVernacularEnglish(AAVE)bywhiteinfluencersarecitedastypicalexamples.However,thelinebetweenappropriationandappreciationisfrequentlyblurred.Cultureisnotstatic;itisinherentlyfluidandmongrel.Throughouthistory,civilizationshaveborrowed,mixed,andadaptedelementsfromoneanother.TheRenaissance,forinstance,wasdeeplyinfluencedbyIslamicscholarshipandart.Ifculturalexchangewerestrictlypoliced,humancreativitywouldbestifled.Thequestion,therefore,isnotwhetherculturesshouldinteract,buthowtheyshoulddosoethically.Powerdynamicsarecentraltothisdebate.Appropriationbecomesproblematicwhenitinvolvesadominantgroupexploitingamarginalizedgroup,oftenprofitingfromtheexchangewhiletheorigincommunityremainsmarginalized.Thisisthe"colonial"dynamicthatcriticshighlight.Conversely,whenculturalexchangeoccursonalevelplayingfield,withmutualrespectandunderstanding,itisusuallycelebratedasfusionorsyncretism.Theintentoftheborroweralsomatters,thoughitisnotacompletedefense.Ignorancedoesnotabsolveoneofresponsibility,butmaliciousintentisnotrequiredforharmtooccur.Awell-meaningpersonwearingabindiasafashionstatementmightnotintendoffense,buttheyarestillparticipatinginasystemthatdecontextualizesreligioussymbols.Educationandlisteningtothevoicesoftheaffectedcommunitiesarethereforeessential.Movingforward,navigatingthiscomplexlandscaperequiresnuance.Wemustavoidtheextremesofbothculturalpurism,whichrejectsalloutsideinfluence,andculturalpiracy,whichtakeswithoutgivingback.Instead,weshouldstriveforanethicofexchangethathonorsthesource,acknowledgesthehistory,andensuresthatbenefitsareshared.Inaglobalizedworld,whereculturescollidedaily,findingthisbalanceismoreimportantthanever.36.Culturalappropriationisdefinedas______.[A]themutualexchangeofculturalelements[B]theprotectionofminoritycultures[C]theadoptionofelementsbyadominantculturewithoutrespect[D]thefusionofdifferentculturaltraditions37.TheauthormentionstheRenaissancetoillustratethat______.[A]culturalappropriationhasalonghistory[B]culturalexchangehashistoricallydrivencreativity[C]IslamicculturewassuperiortoEuropeanculture[D]strictpolicingofcultureisnecessary38.Thecentralfactorthatmakesappropriationproblematic,accordingtoParagraph3,is______.[A]theintentoftheborrower[B]thestaticnatureofculture[C]thepowerdynamicinvolved[D]thefinancialprofitmade39.Theauthorsuggeststhatignoranceofculturalcontext______.[A]isavalidexcuseforappropriation[B]doesnotpreventharmfromoccurring[C]isalwaysdrivenbymaliciousintent[D]istheresultofculturalpurism40.Theidealsolutiontoculturalconflicts,asproposedbytheauthor,is______.[A]tostopallculturalexchange[B]tomaintainstrictculturalboundaries[C]topromoteethicalexchangewithmutualbenefits[D]toprioritizetheintentovertheimpact【答案】36.C37.B38.C39.B40.C【解析】36.C细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Itgenerallyreferstotheadoptionofelementsfromaminorityculturebymembersofadominantculture,oftenwithoutunderstandingorrespectfortheoriginalcontext.”可知，文化Appropriation指的是主导群体在缺乏理解或尊重的情况下采纳少数群体文化的元素。C项符合。37.B例证题。根据第二段第三、四句“Throughouthistory,civilizationshaveborrowed,mixed,andadaptedelementsfromoneanother.TheRenaissance,forinstance,wasdeeplyinfluencedbyIslamicscholarshipandart.”可知，作者提到文艺复兴是为了说明历史上文化交流推动了文明和创造力的发展。B项符合。38.C细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Powerdynamicsarecentraltothisdebate.”以及第二句“Appropriationbecomesproblematicwhenitinvolvesadominantgroupexploitingamarginalizedgroup...”可知，权力动态是导致Appropriation成为问题的核心因素。C项符合。39.B细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“Theintentoftheborroweralsomatters,thoughitisnotacompletedefense.Ignorancedoesnotabsolveoneofresponsibility,butmaliciousintentisnotrequiredforharmtooccur.”可知，无知并不能免除责任，即使没有恶意，伤害也可能发生。B项符合。40.C观点态度题。根据最后一段第三句“Instead,weshouldstriveforanethicofexchangethathonorsthesource,acknowledgesthehistory,andensuresthatbenefitsareshared.”可知，作者提倡一种尊重来源、承认历史并共享利益的伦理交流。C项符合。PartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Thetheoryofplatetectonicsistheunifyingtheoryofgeology.Itexplainsthedistributionofearthquakes,volcanoes,andmountainranges.However,gainingacceptanceforthistheorywasalongandarduousprocess.[A]In1912,AlfredWegenerproposedaradicalidea:continentsmove.HenoticedthatthecoastlinesofSouthAmericaandAfricafittogetherlikepiecesofapuzzle.HealsofoundmatchingfossilformationsandrocktypesonoppositesidesoftheAtlantic.Hecalledthistheory"continentaldrift."[B]Despitetheevidence,Wegener'stheorywaswidelyrejected.Themaincriticismwasthathecouldnotprovideaplausiblemechanismforhowcontinentscouldmovethroughsolidrock.