2026年5月AP英语语言与写作考试真题+答案

2026年5月AP英语语言与写作考试真题+答案APEnglishLanguageandCompositionExam,2026(MockFormA)SectionI:Multiple-ChoiceQuestionsTime:60Minutes|45QuestionsDirections:Thissectionconsistsofselectionsofprosepassagesandquestionsontheircontent,form,andstyle.Afterreadingeachpassage,choosethebestanswertoeachquestion.PayparticularattentiontoquestionsthatcontainthewordsNOT,LEAST,orEXCEPT.Questions1-10refertothefollowingpassage.Thefollowingpassageisfromaspeechdeliveredin2025byaprominenturbansociologistregardingtheconceptof"DigitalLoneliness"inmodernmetropolises.Line1:Inthesprawlingarchitectureofourmoderncities,wehavemasteredtheartofphysicalproximitywhileLine2:failingcatastrophicallyatspiritualconnection.Wewalkshouldertoshoulderincrowdedsubwaystations,Line3:eyesgluedtotheglowingrectanglesthatserveasbothourshieldandourwindowtotheworld.ThisistheLine4:paradoxofthedigitalage:wehaveneverbeenmoreconnected,yetstatisticsonmentalhealthsuggestweLine5:haveneverbeenmoreisolated.Thecity,onceameltingpotofcommunalinteraction,hasfragmentedintoaLine6:collectionofsolitarypods.Line7:Theintrusionofthedigitalintothephysicalrealmisnotmerelyadistraction;itisafundamentalLine8:restructuringofoursocialontology.Whenwenavigatetheworldthroughalgorithms,wesurrendertheLine9:serendipityoftheunknown.Thecornerbakeryisreplacedbythedeliveryapp;thestranger’ssmileisLine10:replacedbythecuratedprofile.Wetradethemessy,unpredictabletextureofrealityforthesanitized,Line11:predictablecomfortofthefeed.Thisexchangeisrarelyconscious,butitsimplicationsareprofound.Line12:Weareconstructingarealitywhereconvenienceisthehighestvirtue,andpatience,tolerance,andLine13:empathy—virtuesbornofnecessityandfriction—arebecomingobsolete.Line14:Considerthe"thirdplace"—thecoffeeshop,theparkbench,thecommunitycenter—sociologistRayLine15:Oldenburg’ssanctuaryfromthedemandsofhomeandwork.ThesespacesrelyonthepresenceofLine16:strangerstofunction.Theyrequirealoose,unspokencontractofmutualregard.However,whentheLine17:strangerisnolongerapotentialacquaintancebutmerelybackgroundnoiseoranobstacletobeLine18:navigatedaround,thethirdplacedissolves.Itbecomesatransitlounge,aplacetowait,notaplacetoLine19:be.Thedigitaltetherensureswearenevertrulywhereweare;ourbodiesoccupythepresent,butourLine20:mindsresideinthedigitalelsewhere.Line21:Toreclaimourcities,wemustfirstreclaimourattention.ThisisnotaLudditecalltosmashtheLine22:machines,butapleaforanewethicofengagement.WemusttreatthephysicalworldwiththesameLine23:intensitywebringtothedigital.Wemustlearntolookup,tomakeeyecontact,toenduretheawkwardLine24:silenceoftheelevatorridewithoutreachingforapocket.Onlybyre-embracingthefrictionoftheLine25:realworldcanwehopetostitchtogetherthefrayingseamsofourcommunalfabric.1.Inthefirstparagraph(lines1-6),theauthorprimarilyreliesonwhichrhetoricalstrategytoestablishthecontextoftheargument?A.Achronologicalaccountoftheevolutionofurbanplanning.B.Ajuxtapositionofphysicalclosenessandemotionaldistance.C.Astatisticalanalysisofsubwayusageinmajormetropolitanareas.D.Anappealtotheauthorityofancientphilosophicaltraditions.2.Thephrase“glowingrectangles”(line3)functionsprimarilyas:A.Ametaphorforthescreensofsmartphonesanddevices.B.Ahyperbolicdescriptionofthecity'slightinginfrastructure.C.Asynecdocherepresentingthetechnologicalindustryasawhole.D.Anallusiontothewindowsofhigh-riseapartmentbuildings.3.Inthecontextofthepassage,theword“ontology”(line8)isbestinterpretedtomean:A.Thephysicalmappingofcitystreets.B.Theeconomicstructureofthemarketplace.C.Thenatureofbeingandthecategoriesofexistence.D.Thebiologicalstudyofhumanbraindevelopment.4.Theauthorlists“Thecornerbakery”and“thedeliveryapp”(lines9-10)inorderto:A.Illustratetheeconomicefficiencyofmoderntechnology.B.Contrastthetangible,localexperiencewiththeabstract,digitalone.C.Suggestthatbakingisadyingartinthetwenty-firstcentury.D.Provideexamplesofbusinessesthathavefailedinthecurrenteconomy.5.Whichofthefollowingbestcharacterizestheauthor’sattitudetowardthe“sanitized,predictablecomfortofthefeed”(lines10-11)?A.AmbivalentuncertaintyB.CautiousoptimismC.CriticaldisdainD.Scholarlydetachment6.Thestatement“convenienceisthehighestvirtue”(line12)servesto:A.Celebratetheadvancementsofmoderncapitalism.B.Introduceacounterargumentthattheauthorlaterrefutes.C.Critiqueasocietalshiftthattheauthorbelievesunderminesdeeperhumanvalues.D.Definetheprimarymotivationbehindthearchitecturaldesignofmoderncities.7.ThereferencetoRayOldenburg’s“thirdplace”(lines14-15)servestheauthor’spurposeby:A.Providingatheoreticalframeworktoexplainthelossofcommunityspace.B.Proposingasolutiontothehousingcrisisinurbancenters.C.Discreditingprevioussociologicaltheoriesregardinghumaninteraction.D.Demonstratinghowtechnologyhasimprovedpublicleisureareas.8.Inlines16-19,theauthorsuggeststhatthe“thirdplace”dissolveswhen:A.Economicforcesmakesmallbusinessesunprofitable.B.Peopleviewstrangersasimpedimentsratherthanpotentialconnections.C.Municipalgovernmentscutfundingforpublicparks.D.Digitaldevicesphysicallyoccupytoomuchspaceincoffeeshops.9.Thefinalparagraph(lines21-25)canbestbedescribedas:A.Adigressionfromthemaintopictodiscussunrelatedtechnologicaltrends.B.Acalltoactionurgingabehavioralshifttorestorecommunity.C.Asummaryofthestatisticaldatapresentedearlierinthepassage.D.Aconcessionthattheproblemisunsolvable.10.Thetoneofthepassageasawholeisbestdescribedas:A.Whimsicalandlighthearted.B.Urgentandpersuasive.C.Resignedanddefeatist.D.Objectiveandneutral.Questions11-20refertothefollowingpassage.Thefollowingpassageisexcerptedfroma2024essayontheethicsofartificialintelligencewrittenbyaphilosopheroftechnology.Line1:ThedebatesurroundingArtificialIntelligenceoftenpivotsonthequestionofpersonhood.CanamachineLine2:think?Canitfeel?Thesequestions,whilephilosophicallyintriguing,distractusfromamoreimmediateLine3:andpragmaticconcern:thedelegationofmoralagency.Wearenotmerelybuildingtools;wearebuildingLine4:entitiesthatactonourbehalf,makingdecisionsthatcarryweightintherealworld.Line5:Considertheautonomousvehicle.Whenprogrammedtooperate,itmakesaseriesofrapid-fireLine6:calculationsbasedonsensordata.Itisnot"thinking"inthehumansense,butitisdeciding.ItdecidesLine7:whentobrake,whentoswerve,and,inthetheoreticaltrolleyproblemscenario,whoselifetoprioritizeLine8:intheeventofanunavoidablecollision.TheengineerwhowritesthecodeisexercisingaformofLine9:deferredmorality.Theyareencodingtheirvaluesintothemachine,whichthenexecutestheminaLine10:contexttheengineercannotfullypredictorcontrol.Line11:This"deferredmorality"createsagapinaccountability.IfanautonomousvehiclemakesadecisionLine12:thatresultsinharm,whoisresponsible?Thedriverwhowasmerelyapassenger?TheengineerwhoLine13:wrotethecode?Thecompanythatsoldtheproduct?Orthemachineitself?OurcurrentlegalandethicalLine14:frameworksareill-equippedtohandlethisdiffusionofresponsibility.WepreferaclearchainofLine15:command,asinglelocusofblame.ButAIintroducesawebofcausalitythatobscuresthelinesofLine16:culpability.Line17:Furthermore,theopacityof"blackbox"algorithmscomplicatestheissue.EventhecreatorsofdeepLine18:learningsystemsoftencannotexplainexactlyhowtheirAIarrivesataspecificdecision.ThemachineLine19:learnsfrompatternsindata,evolvinginwaysthatarenotexplicitlyprogrammed.IfwecannotLine20:explainthedecision,canwetrulyjustifyit?Torelyonanunexplainableprocessforhigh-stakesLine21:decisions—whetherincriminaljustice,healthcare,orwarfare—istoabandontheveryrationalityLine22:weclaimtovalue.Line23:Ultimately,thechallengeisnotthatmachineswillbecomelikehumans,butthathumanswillabdicateLine24:theirmoralstanding.Weriskbecomingpassiveobserversofourowncreations,hidingbehindtheLine25:curtainofalgorithmicobjectivity.Themachinedoesnotcare;itisthehumanwhomustbeartheburdenLine26:ofcare.Tooutsourcethatburdenistodiminishourownhumanity.11.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto:A.Arguethatmachineswilleventuallyachieveconsciousness.B.Analyzetheethicalimplicationsofdelegatingdecision-makingpowertoAI.C.Explainthetechnicalmechanicsofdeeplearningsystems.D.Defendtheuseofautonomousvehiclesinmodernsociety.12.Inthefirstparagraph(lines1-4),theauthordismissesquestionsofmachinepersonhoodinorderto:A.Focusthereader'sattentiononthepracticalethicalissuesofagency.B.Suggestthatsuchquestionsareimpossibletoanswer.C.Acknowledgethatmachineshavealreadyachievedhumanstatus.D.Emphasizethesuperiorityofhumancognitiveabilities.13.Thephrase“deferredmorality”(line9)referstothepracticeof:A.Postponingethicaldecisionsuntilalaterdate.B.Allowingfuturegenerationstosolvecurrentproblems.C.Embeddinghumanvaluesintocodethatexecutesindependently.D.Ignoringmoralconsequencesinfavorofefficiency.14.Theauthorusestheexampleoftheautonomousvehicle(lines5-10)primarilyto:A.Illustratetheconceptofanentitymakingdecisionswithreal-worldconsequences.B.Demonstratethetechnicalsuperiorityofmachinesoverhumanreflexes.C.Showthatengineeringisapurelyobjectiveprofession.D.Provethatthetrolleyproblemisauselessthoughtexperiment.15.Therhetoricalquestioninlines12-14(“Whoisresponsible...?”)servesto:A.Mockthelegalsystemforitsoutdatedlaws.B.HighlightthecomplexityandconfusionregardingaccountabilityinAI.C.Suggestthatthemachineitselfistheonlylogicalanswer.D.Encouragethereadertostudylaw.16.Theword“opacity”(line17)isusedinthepassagetomean:A.Transparency.B.Density.C.Lackofclarityortransparency.D.Resistancetochange.17.Theauthormentions“blackbox”algorithms(lines17-19)tosupporttheclaimthat:A.AIsystemsaretoocomplexforanyonetounderstand.B.Thedecision-makingprocessofAIisoftenunexplainable,posingethicalrisks.C.Engineersneedbettertrainingincomputerscience.D.Patternrecognitionisthehighestformofintelligence.18.Inlines20-22,theauthorimpliesthatrelyingonunexplainableprocessesis:A.Anecessaryevilinthepursuitofefficiency.B.Abetrayalofrationalprinciplesincriticaldomains.C.Theonlywaytoachievejusticeinhealthcare.D.Acceptableaslongastheoutcomesarepositive.19.ThepassagesuggeststhattheprimarydangerofAIis:A.Machinesbecomingmalevolentandattackinghumans.B.Theeconomicdisplacementofhumanworkers.C.HumansusingAIasanexcusetoavoidmoralresponsibility.D.Theeventualextinctionofthehumanspecies.20.Thesentence“Themachinedoesnotcare;itisthehumanwhomustbeartheburdenofcare”(lines25-26)reliesonwhichcontrast?A.Intelligencevs.stupidity.B.Speedvs.slowness.C.Indifferencevs.moralobligation.D.Logicvs.emotion.Questions21-30refertothefollowingpassage.Thispassageisadaptedfroma2023memoirabouttherestorationofadegradedecosystem.Line1:Thelanddidnotlooklikeadisasterzone;itlookedlikeamemoryofone.TwentyyearsafterthecopperLine2:minehadshutdown,thescarshadsoftened.Thegapingcraterhadfilledwithateal-greenlake,toxicLine3:andstrangelybeautiful.Thesoilwasstillstainedorange,heavywithiron,butthevegetationwasLine4:slowly,tentatively,creepingback.Wewereateamofsixecologists,taskedwithassessingtheLine5:feasibilityof"rewilding"—ofreturningthislandscapetoitspre-miningstate.Line6:"Pre-mining"wasaslipperyconcept.Thearchivalphotosshowedadensecanopyofoakandhickory,Line7:avibrantunderstoryofferns.Butthatwas150yearsago.Theclimatehadshiftedsincethen;theLine8:hydrologyhadbeenaltered.Togobackwasimpossible.Wewerenotrestoring;wewerecreating.Line9:Wewerebuildinganewecosystemthatcouldsurviveinthealteredrealityofthetwenty-firstcentury.Line10:Mycolleague,Dr.Aris,arguedfora"non-interventionist"approach."Letnaturehealitself,"heLine11:insisted,leaningonhisshovel."Natureisresilient.Itdoesn'tneedustoplayGod."ButlookingatLine12:themonocultureofinvasivethistlethatchokedthevalleyfloor,Isawthelimitsofresilience.Line13:Naturedoesheal,butithealsintowhateverfitsthecracks.Leftalone,thislandwouldn'tbecomeanLine14:oakforest;itwouldbecomeathistlewasteland,abiologicaldesertsupportingnothingbuttheLine15:toughest,mostgeneralistspecies.Line16:Restorationisanactofselection.Wechoosewhichfuturewewanttonurture.Weculltheinvasives,Line17:weamendthesoil,weplantthesaplingsthatcannotyetsurviveontheirown.Itisviolent,sweaty,Line18:physicalwork.Itisdiggingholesintherockygroundandfeelingtheblistersrise.ItistheLine19:antithesisofthepristinewildernessideal.Wearenotobservers;weareparticipants.Line20:Thereisapuritanicalstreakinenvironmentalismthatviewshumantouchascontaminating.ThisLine21:viewholdsthattruenatureisthatwhichisuntouchedbyhumanhands.ButintheAnthropocene,thereLine22:isnosuchplace.Everyinchofthisplanethasbeentouchedbythecarboninouratmosphere,theLine23:plasticsinouroceans,theheatinourair.TorefusetointerveneistoletthewoundsweinflictedLine24:fester.Activerestorationisnotjustaboutfixingtheland;itisaboutforgivingourselves.ItisanLine25:actofpenance,awayofstitchingtherelationshipbetweenthehumanandthenon-humanbackLine26:together.21.Intheopeningsentence(lines1-2),thenarratorsuggeststhatthelandscape:A.Hascompletelyrecoveredfromtheminingactivity.B.Isadangerousplacethatrequiresimmediateevacuation.C.Bearsthelingering,thoughfaded,marksofapasttrauma.D.Isentirelyunsuitableforanyformoflife.22.Thedescriptionofthelakeas“toxicandstrangelybeautiful”(line3)establishesatoneof:A.Ironicappreciation.B.Scientificdetachment.C.Fearfulavoidance.D.Unreservedadmiration.23.Thestatement“Togobackwasimpossible”(line8)supportstheauthor’sunderlyingbeliefthat:A.Historicalrecordsareofteninaccurate.B.Ecologicalrestorationmustbeforward-lookingratherthannostalgic.C.Theclimatehaschangedtoomuchforforeststoexist.D.Theteamofecologistswasunqualifiedforthejob.24.Dr.Aris’spositioninlines10-12isbestsummarizedas:A.Naturerequiresaggressivehumanmanagementtorecover.B.Ecosystemsareinherentlyself-correctingandshouldbeleftalone.C.Humaninterventionisalwaysdestructivetotheenvironment.D.Rewildingisascientificallyimpossiblegoal.25.Thenarrator’sresponsetoDr.Aris(lines12-15)isto:A.Agreewithhisassessmentoftheland'sresilience.B.Proposeacompromisebetweeninterventionandnon-intervention.C.Counterhisviewwithevidenceoftheland’sfailuretorecovernaturally.D.Criticizehisrelianceonarchivalphotos.26.Themetaphor“naturehealsintowhateverfitsthecracks”(line13)suggeststhat:A.Naturalhealingisaperfectprocess.B.Withoutguidance,naturefillsvoidswithwhateverisavailable,whichmaynotbedesirable.C.Cracksinthesoilarenecessaryforplantgrowth.D.Invasivespeciesarebeneficialtodamagedecosystems.27.Inlines16-19,theauthorcharacterizesrestorationas:A.Agentle,passiveprocess.B.Atheoreticalacademicexercise.C.Alabor-intensiveanddeliberateactofwill.D.Anartisticendeavorsimilartopainting.28.Theterm“puritanicalstreak”(line20)refersto:A.Religiousgroupswhoopposeenvironmentalism.B.Astrictadherencetotheideathatnaturemustremainpristineanduntouched.C.Thechemicalpollutioncausedbyindustrialfactories.D.Ahistoricalapproachtoagriculturethatisnolongerused.29.Theauthorconcludesthepassagebyframingrestorationas:A.Afutileattempttoreverseindustrialization.B.Amoralandrelationalactthatrepairsthebondbetweenhumansandnature.C.Apurelyscientificnecessitytopreservebiodiversity.D.Animpositionofhumanwilluponadefenselesslandscape.30.Thestructureofthepassagemovesfrom:A.Specificobservationtogeneralphilosophicalreflection.B.Generaltheorytospecificdataanalysis.C.Chronologicalhistorytofutureprediction.D.Skepticismtounwaveringoptimism.Questions31-40refertothefollowingpassage.Thefollowingpassageisfroma2025editorialinamajornewspaperdiscussingtheconceptof"CulturalErasure"inthedigitalage.Line1:Historyhasalwaysbeenacontestedarena,abattlefieldwherethevictorshaveoftenwrittentheLine2:narrative.However,thedigitalageintroducesanewandinsidiousweaponintothisconflict:theLine3:"delete"key.WearewitnessingtheriseofarevisionistimpulsethatisnotdrivenbytheslowLine4:accumulationofnewscholarship,butbytheimmediate,emotivedemandsofthepresentmoment.Line5:Considerthephenomenonofdigitalarchiving.Whenamuseumcuratesanexhibit,itmakeschoices,Line6:butthephysicalartifactsremain;theyexistinstorage,inbasements,inothercollections.TheLine7:digitalartifact,however,isoftenmorefragile.Awebsitetakendown,asocialmediaaccountLine8:deactivated,astreaminglicenseremoved—theseactionscanresultinthetotaldisappearanceofLine9:culturalproducts.Thisis"rot,"adigitaldecaywherebitsandbytesvanishintotheether,leavingLine10:notraceforthefuturehistorian.Line11:Butthethreatisnotjusttechnical;itisideological.WeseeagrowingtrendwhereindividualsLine12:andinstitutionsseektoscrubthepastofitscomplexities.ArtthatwasoncecelebratedisLine13:suddenlydeemedproblematicandisnotmerelycritiqued,butvanished.ThisisnotthesameasLine14:contextualization.Contextualizationaddslayersofunderstanding;erasureremovestheobjectofLine15:studyentirely.Itcreatesasanitizedhistorywherenoonewaseverflawed,andnocultureeverLine16:heldvaluesthatconflictwithcurrentsensibilities.Line17:ThedangerofthisimpulseisthatitdeprivestheyoungergenerationoftherawmaterialsofLine18:criticalthought.Tostudythepastistoengagewiththeuncomfortable,theoffensive,andtheLine19:alien.Ifweremoveeverythingthatoffendsourmodernears,weareleftwithacartoonversionofLine20:history,amoralityplaywhereeveryoneiseitheraherooravillain,andnothingisnuanced.Line21:Wemustpreservetheproblematic.Wemustmaintainthearchivesofourmistakes,ourprejudices,Line22:andourevolvingethics.Nottocelebratethem,buttounderstandthem.AsocietythatcannotLine23:lookatitsowndarkreflectionisasocietydestinedtorepeatitsdarkestchapters.MemoryisaLine24:muscle;ifweonlyexerciseitwiththeeasyweights,wewillneverbestrongenoughtolifttheLine25:heavyburdensoftruth.31.Theauthor’sprimaryclaiminthepassageisthat:A.Digitaltechnologyisthebestwaytopreservehistory.B.Museumsaresuperiortodigitalarchivesforpreservingculture.C.Thetendencytoremoveoffensivecontentfromthedigitalrecordthreatenshistoricalunderstanding.D.Youngergenerationsarenotinterestedinstudyinghistory.32.Inthefirstparagraph(lines1-4),theauthorcontraststraditionalhistoricalrevisionismwithdigitalrevisionismbyemphasizingthedigitalversion’s:A.Academicrigor.B.Speedandemotionalimmediacy.C.Relianceonphysicalevidence.D.Useofanonymoussources.33.Theword“insidious”(line2)isusedtosuggestthatthethreatis:A.Harmlessandtrivial.B.Spreadinginaharmfulorsubtleway.C.Openlyaggressiveandviolent.D.Technologicallycomplex.34.Theauthorusestheexampleofthemuseum(lines5-7)to:A.Praisetheworkofmuseumcurators.B.Contrastthepermanenceofphysicalobjectswiththefragilityofdigitalones.C.Arguethatmuseumsshoulddigitizetheircollectionsimmediately.D.Showthatmuseumsalsoengageinhistoricalerasure.35.Thephrase“digitaldecay”(line9)refersto:A.Thephysicalbreakdownofcomputerhardware.B.Thelossofdigitalcontentduetodeactivationorremoval.C.Thedecliningqualityofdigitalart.D.Thesecurityrisksassociatedwithcloudstorage.36.Thedistinctiontheauthormakesbetween“contextualization”and“erasure”(lines13-15)isthat:A.Contextualizationexplains,whileerasureeliminates.B.Contextualizationisformuseums,whileerasureisfortheinternet.C.Erasureisnecessarytoprotectvictims,whilecontextualizationisacademic.D.Contextualizationchangesthemeaning,whileerasurepreservesit.37.Theauthorarguesthatasanitizedhistory(lines15-16)isdangerousbecauseit:A.Istooboringtoengagestudents.B.Preventspeoplefromdevelopingcriticalthinkingskillsthroughengagementwithcomplexity.C.Glorifieshistoricalfigureswhoshouldbecondemned.D.Focusestoomuchonthenegativeaspectsofthepast.38.Themetaphor“Memoryisamuscle”(line24)servesto:A.Suggestthatmemorycanbestrengthenedthroughexercise,evenwhenitisdifficult.B.Implythatmemoryisaphysicalorganlocatedinthebrain.C.Warnagainstoverworkingthememory.D.Comparehistoricalstudytoathleticcompetition.39.Thetoneofthepassagecanbestbedescribedas:A.Whimsical.B.Alarmist.C.Exhortative.D.Indifferent.40.Whichofthefollowingbestcapturesthemeaningofthesentence“Asocietythatcannotlookatitsowndarkreflectionisasocietydestinedtorepeatitsdarkestchapters”(lines23-24)?A.Societiesaredoomedtomakethesamemistakesiftheyhideorignoretheirpastfailings.B.Darktimesareinevitableineverycivilization.C.Reflectionisauselessactivitywithoutaction.D.Societyisinherentlyflawedandcannotbeimproved.Questions41-45refertothefollowingpassage.Thefollowingpassageisadaptedfroma2024scientificarticlediscussingthebioethicsofde-extinction.Line1:Thewoollymammothwalksagain—oratleast,itsgenesdo.InalaboratoryinCalifornia,scientistsLine2:areeditingtheDNAofanAsianelephanttomimicitsextinctcousin.ThegoalisnotmerelytoLine3:produceacuriosity,buttocreateacreaturethatcanroamthetundra,tramplingthesnowandLine4:promotingthegrowthofgrassesthatmightsequestercarbon.Thisis"Pleistocenerewilding,"aLine5:grandvisiontouseextinctmegafaunatocombatclimatechange.Line6:Yet,theethicalcalculusisdizzying.TheAsianelephantisanendangeredspecies,sentientandLine7:highlysocial.Isitethicaltousethemassurrogates—tosubjectthemtotherisksofpregnancyLine8:andthepotentialtraumaofraisingahybridthatmaynotfitintotheirsocialstructures?Line9:Furthermore,themammothwillnotbeamammoth.Itwillbea"mammophant,"ahybridwithLine10:elephantDNAandmammothedits.Itwillbeaproxy,aghostofaspeciesadaptedtoaworldthatLine11:nolongerexists.Thetundraitismeantto"save"haschanged;thefloraisdifferent,theclimateLine12:iswarmer.WeareintroducinganovelbiologicalagentintoacomplexecosystemwithunpredictableLine13:consequences.Line14:Proponentsarguethatwehaveamoralobligationtorestorewhatwedestroyed.WekilledtheLine15:mammoths;weshouldbringthemback.Butthislogicassumesastasisinnaturethatdoesnotexist.Line16:Ittreatstheplanetlikeavideogamewithan"undo"button.Itignoresthedynamic,ever-evolvingLine17:natureofecology.De-extinctionislessaboutsavingthepastandmoreaboutassuagingourguilt.Line18:Itisatechnologicalsalveforawoundwearestillinflicting.Line19:Perhapsourresourceswouldbebetterspentnotonresurrectingthedead,butonprotectingtheLine20:living.ThemillionsofdollarspouredintothemammophantcouldsecurevasthabitatsforexistingLine21:speciesonthebrink.Weareobsessedwiththegrandeurofthe"whatif"whileneglectingtheLine22:desperaterealityofthe"whatis."41.Theprimarypurposeofthispassageisto:A.Celebratethetechnologicalbreakthroughofgeneticediting.B.Explainthescientificprocessofcreatingawoollymammoth.C.Evaluatetheethicalandpracticalimplicationsofde-extinctionefforts.D.AdvocateforincreasedfundingforAsianelephantconservation.42.Thephrase“ethicalcalculus”(line6)refersto:A.Amathematicalformulausedingeneticsequencing.B.Thecalculationofthecostoftheproject.C.Thecomplexweighingofmoralprosandcons.D.Thestudyofcalculusinethicaltheory.43.Theauthorusestheterm“mammophant”(line9)tohighlightthat:A.Theanimalwillbeahybrid,notatrueresurrectionoftheoriginalspecies.B.Thenewanimalwillbesuperiortotheoriginalmammoth.C.Thename"mammoth"iscopyrighted.D.Theanimalwillbetoosmalltobecalledamammoth.44.Thecomparisonoftheplanettoa“videogamewithan‘undo’button”(line16)isusedtocriticize:A.Theentertainmentindustry.B.Thenaivebeliefthatwecaneasilyreversepastecologicaldamage.C.Thecomplexityofmodernvideogames.D.Thespeedoftechnologicalprogress.45.Inthefinalparagraph,theauthorsuggeststhat:A.De-extinctionistheonlywaytocombatclimatechange.B.Conservationeffortsforlivingspeciesshouldtakeprecedenceoverde-extinction.C.Geneticengineeringisinherentlyevil.D.TheAsianelephantisnotactuallyendangered.SectionII:Free-ResponseQuestionsTime:2Hours10Minutes|3QuestionsDirections:Thissectionrequiresyoutowriteessaysthatdemonstrateyourskillinrhetoricalanalysis,argumentation,andsynthesis.Allessaysshouldbewell-organized,clear,andcoherent.Youhave15minutestoreadthematerialsforthesynthesisquestionand40minutestowriteyourresponse