Units13Grammar现在完成时期中复习课件译林版英语八年级下册

译林版

八年级下册

Units1-3语法ThepresentperfecttenseTeachingobjectives1.Tomasterthestructureandbasicusageofpresentperfecttense.2.Tolearntherulesofformingthepastparticipleofverbs.3.TolearnsometimeexpressionsusuallyusedinPPT.1.Shenzhenhasattractedpeoplefromacrosstheworld.2.ShenzhenhasbecomeasymbolofChina’sdevelopment.3.Mostfamilyhavebuiltbeautifulhouses.4.HaveyoubeentoXinjiang,Mille?5.ThatmuseumhaskeptarichcollectionofartworksfromtheQingDynasty.Freetalkthepresentperfecttensehave/has+done(过去分词)

现在完成时的基本定义e.g.Hehaslived

heresince1978.

自从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿。分析：动作起始于1978年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。e.g.Hehastaughtinourschoolfortenyears.

自上个星期以来他一直很忙。分析：动作从10年前开始，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。现在过去过去动作延续现在1.Weusethepresentperfecttensetotalkaboutanactionthatstartedinthepast

andcontinuestothepresent.现在过去过去动作对现在有影响e.g.Ihavealreadyfinished

myhomework.我已经完成我的作业了。分析：动作发生在过去，强调“完成作业”对现在的影响，可能是现在有了更多的空闲时间等。e.g.Ihaveseenthisfilmrecently.我最近看过这个电影了

分析：动作发生在过去，强调“看过”对现在的影响，可能我不想再看了。2.Weusethepresentperfecttensetotalkaboutanactionthathappenedinthepastandhasaconnectionwiththepresent.表示发生在过去、对现在有影响的动作。e.g.Ihavewatched

thefilmtwice.这部电影我已经看过两遍了。分析：表示对这部电影有所了解。e.g.Ihavenever

methimbefore.我以前从未见过他。分析：表示从过去到现在从未去过。3.Weusethepresentperfecttensetotalkabouthowmanytimesanactonhashappenedtillnow.e.g.MillieandAmyhavebeentoHongKongtwice.Millie和Amy去过香港两次。我从来没去过香港。你曾经去过香港吗?e.g.Haveyouever

beentoHongKong?e.g.IhaveneverbeentoHongKong.have/hasbeento去过/没去过什么地方,已回，表示经历have/hasgonetoe.g.---WhereisTom?---HehasgonetoNanjing.

汤姆在哪里?–他去了南京。他们去了北京。下周将会回来。e.g.TheyhavegonetoBeijing.Theywillcome/bebacknextweek.e.g.Kittyhasgone

toHongKong.Youcancallher.去了某地（还没回来）Kitty去了香港，你可以打电话给她。e.g.WehavebeeninLuoyangforthreedays.我们已经在洛阳三天了。他已经在公交车站一个小时了。e.g.Hehasbeenatthebusstopforanhour.“一直待在某地”，表示持续have/hasbeenin/athave/hasbeenin/athave/hasbeentohave/hasgoneto含义标志词共同点一直待，表示持续for…since…去过/没去过，已回表示经历次数/ever/never/just去了，现在不在未回Whereis…?…willcomeback.Hehasgonetosomewhere.Ihavebeen

totheremanytimes.Ihavebeen

inherefortwodays.后面有home/here/there/somewhere/abroad等地点副词+Where去掉介词Ihavealreadyreadthisbookmanytimes.Hehasworkedinthecompanyforovertenyears.Ihavealreadyfinishedmyhomework.Ihavehadacoldsince5daysago.Shehasfinishedherhomework.Theyhaveevertraveledbytrain.startedinthepastandcontinuestothepresenthappenedinthepastandhasaconnectionwiththepresent.talkabouthowmany

timesanactionhashappenedtillnow

Exercise:Matchthereasonsforusingthepresentperfecttense

ontherightwiththesentencesontheleft.Exercise1.----WhereisJack?----He_____________________Beijing.2.Youcan'tfindMrLi.He__________home.3.______youever______abroad?4.I____________________theUKforabout5years.5.Theforeigner___________________Chinasince2006.

Havebeenhasgonehavebeeninhasgonetohasbeenin现在完成时的基本结构(1)Wemakepositivestatementsinthepresentperfecttenselikethis:I/You/We/Theyhavearrived

inShenzhen.He/She/Ithas(2)Wemakenegativestatementsinthepresentperfecttenselikethis:I/You/We/Theyhavenotarrived

inShenzhen.He/She/IthasTip:havenot=haven'thasnot=hasn't(3)Weaskandanswerquestionsusingthepresentperfecttenselikethis:HaveI/you/we/theyarrived

inShenzhen?

Has

he/she/itYes，I/you/we/they

have.he/she/it

has.

No，I/you/we/they

haven't.he/she/it

hasn't.

(4)Wh-question.特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+done+其它？Howlong

hasthegirllearnedEnglish?

Exercise1.Lisa已经完成家庭作业了。Lisa______________(finish)theirhomework.hasfinishednotYes,theyhave.No,theyhaven’t.theyhave=they’vehavenot=haven’t1.肯定句:

主语+have/has+done+其他。

2.否定句:

主语+have/has+not+done+其他。

3.一般疑问句:Have/has+主语+done+其他?Yes,主语+have/has.

No,主语+have/hasn’t.4.特殊疑问句:

特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+done+其它？SummaryHowtoformpastparticiples？have/has+done助动词，无实义动词的过去分词原形过去式过去分词1.Weformthepastparticiplesofregularverbsbyadding-ed,justaswhatwedotoformthesimplepasttenseoftheseverbs.Mostverbs+edfinish→finishedVerbsendingin-e+dchange→changedVerbsendinginaconsonant+y-y+iedcarry→carriedShortverbsendinginavowel+aconsonantdoubletheconsonant+edstop→stopped

regularverbs(规则动词）helphopehelpedhopedcriedchatted大多数动词末尾加-edMostverbs+edVerbsendingin-e+d结尾是e的动词加-dVerbsendinginaconsonant+y-y+iedcry结尾是“辅音字母+y”的动词，先变“y”为“i”再加-edShortverbsendinginavowel+aconsonantdoubletheconsonant

+ed以“一个元音+一个辅音”结尾的单音节动词chatplanplanned2.Weformthepastparticiplesofirregularverbsdifferently.Herearesomeexamples.不规则动词变化表不规则动词变化表不规则动词变化表不规则动词变化表不规则动词变化表不规则动词变化表Exercise1.wake________

8.teach_______

2.sell________ 9.

throw_______

3.ride________ 10.pay_______4.choose________ 11.see

_______5.think________

12.eat

_______

6.drive________

13.give_______7.bring________ 14.be_______

wokensoldriddenchosenthoughtdrivenbroughttaughtthrownpaidseeneatengivenbeenExercise1.He_____________(notfinish)hisworkyet.2.__________youever__________(see)adolphinshow?3.They_______________(live)heresincetheymovedherein2000.4.I______________(watch)thismovietwice.Maybeyoucaninviteothers.5.Mymother____________just____________(cook)dinner.6.Mr.Li_______________(teach)mathfortenyears.hasn’tfinishedHaveseenhavelivedhavewatchedhascookedhastaughtWhyshouldweusethepresentperfecttense?现在完成时的时间状语already

“己经”用于肯定句

句中(助后实前)/句末

e.g.I’vealreadyhadbreakfast.=I’vehadbreakfastalready.“还(没)”用于否定句

句末“己经”

用于疑问句

句末

Ihaven’thadbreakfastyet.Haveyouhadbreakfastyet?yet当在肯定陈述句中含有already时，在转换成否定句或疑问句时，要把句中的already去掉，在句末加上yet.Jessica_______already

________(prepare)thedinner.

hasprepared否：Jessica__________________thedinner______.hasn’tpreparedyet疑：________Jessica__________thedinner______?HaspreparedyetTimeadverbials1:ever

“曾经”用于肯定句/一般疑问句

句中

never

“从未”用于否定句

句中

e.g.HaveyouevereatenNanjingSaltedDuck?e.g.Hehasnever

readthestory.

over/inthe(past/last)years“在(过去的)这几年间”

sofar,uptonow,until/tillnow“到目前为止”

e.g.Yanchenghaschangedalotoverthepastyears.e.g.Sofar,hehasneverbeentoHongkong.just“刚刚”，常用于肯定句中e.g.Ihavejustmademymindtoapologize. just→presentperfecttense

justnow→simplepasttense—I’ve_____finishedthepaper.Whataboutyou?

—Ifinishedit_____too.justnow;just

B.just;just

C.justnow;justnow

D.

just;justnowtimeadverbialsindicatingthenumberoftimes表示次数e.g.He_________(see)thefilmZootopia

twice.hasseenrecently

“最近”/intherecentyears,句首/句末e.g.Recently,we_________(take)actiontostoptheheavypollution.havetaken

句式

位置

already

ever

just

never

yet

recently

肯定句

have/has后，句末疑问句&否定句主语后have/has后have/has后否定句have/has后否定句&疑问句句末肯定句，否定句,疑问句句末较多肯定句SummaryHaveyoufinishedyourbreakfast______?Ihave______seensuchabeautifulsunsetinmylife.Shehas___________calledherparentstotellthemthegoodnews.TheyhavelivedinLondon______2018.Hashereturnedthebooktothelibrary_____?WehavestudiedEnglish_____sixyears.Haveyou______triedclimbingahighmountain?Hehas______arrivedhomefromwork,sohe’sabittirednow.Mylittlesisterhas______beenonaplanebefore.Shehasn’teatenanything______shegotupthismorning.Choosethecorrectadverbsoftimetocompletethesentences.(ever,never,just,already,for,since,yet)sinceyetneveralready/justsinceyetforeverjustneverTimeadverbials2:e.g.IhavelivedheresinceIwasborn.e.g.Hehasstudiedhardsinceheenteredhighschool.since的用法1.Since+过去某个时间点（此时since充当介词）e.g.Hehasbeeninthisschoolsince2000.e.g.Shehasworkedheresincelastsummer.e.g.ShehasknownSusansincesevenyearsago.e.g.Ihavelearnedtoplaythepianosincefiveyearsago.2.Since+一段时间+ago（此时since充当介词）3.Since+从句（此时since充当连词）Timeadverbials2:e.g.IhavelivedheresinceIwasborn.e.g.Hehasstudiedhardsinceheenteredhighschool.since的用法e.g.Hehasbeeninthisschoolsince2000.e.g.Shehasworkedheresincelastsummer.e.g.ShehasknownSusansincesevenyearsago.e.g.Ihavelearnedtoplaythepianosincefiveyearsago.2.Since+一段时间+ago（此时since充当介词）3.Since+从句（此时since充当连词）1.Since+过去某个时间点（此时since充当介词）

主句

现在完成时1.--Haveyou______yourhomeworkyet?--Yes,I______itanhourago.A.finish;finishedB.finished;finishedC.finished;havefinishedD.finish;havefinished2.She______inBeijingsinceshewasborn.A.livesB.haslivedC.livedD.isliving3.4.--______he______lunchyet?--Yes,heateittenminutesago.A.Has;hadB.Did;haveC.Does;haveD.Has;haveExerciseTimeadverbials3:since和for引导表示一段时间的用法IhavelivedheresinceIwasborn.Ihavelivedheresince2018.Ihavelivedheresince9yearsago.Ihavelivedherefor9years.Since

过去某个时间点从句(一般过去时)for+一段时间一段时间+ago

主句现在完成时since表动作开始的起点,侧重“从何时开始”for+时间段（表动作持续的时长）侧重“持续多久”Ihavelivedinthiscity______2000.ShehaslearnedEnglish______5years.Theyhavebeenfriends______theywerechildren.Wehavewaitedforthebus______20minutes.Mybrotherhashadthisbike______lastmonth.Themuseumhasbeenopen______10years.Hehasn’teatenanything______thismorning.Ihavenotseenmycousin______alongtime.Thebabyhasslept______3hours.TheyhavestudiedFrench______2020.Exerciseforsincesinceforsinceforsinceforforsince✗✓

HehasleftBeijingforayear.

HehasnotleftBeijingforalongtime.

Theyhaveboughtacarsince2020.

Theyhavenotboughtacarsince2020.✗✓像“come、go、leave、buy”这类动词称为短暂性动词（表示动作瞬间完成、无持续性过程），虽然可以用于现在完成时，但在肯定句中不能和“for”或“since”连用。

HehasleftBeijingforayear.

Theyhaveboughtacarsince2020.✗✗

HehasbeenawayfromBeijing

forayear.

Theyhavehadacarsince2020.✓✓leave--havebeenawayfrombuy--havehad注意：在现在完成时肯定句中，如果出现①表示一段时间的状语。②我们要用延续性动词（表示动作可持续、有过程）。③have/has+延续性动词的过去分词。短暂性动词延续性动词Usedforacontinuousstateleavecome/go/arrivemarryborrowjoinbegin/startdiebuyfinishopenhave/hasbeenawayfromhave/hasbeenin/athave/hasbeenmarriedhave/haskepthave/hasbeeninhave/hasbeenamemberofhave/hasbeenonhave/hasbeendeadbeawaybein/atbemarriedkeepbein/beamemberofbeonbedeadhavebeoverhave/hashadhave/hasbeenover下面是一些常用的短暂性动词和延续性动词：beopenhave/hasbeenopen1.Ihaveborrowedthebookfor3months.2.Mybotherhasjoinedthearmysincehewas18.3.JackandTomhavelivedheresince5years.4.ThefilmhasbeenonsinceIhavecometothecinema.5.WhenhasMr.Licaughtabadcold?

Exercisehavekepthasbeenin/beenamemberofthearmysince5yearsago/for5yearscamedidcatch对for或since引导的时间状语提问，能用when吗？e.g.IhavebeeninFuzhoufortwomonths.e.g.LindahasstudiedChinese

since5yearsago.

→HowlonghaveyoubeeninFuzhou?→HowlonghasLindastudiedChinese?对since和for引导表示一段时间的时间状语用Howlong提问。1.I______thisbookfortwoweeks.Ihavetoreturnittothelibrary.A.borrowedB.haveborrowedC.keptD.havekept2.We______friendssincewewereinprimaryschool.A.areB.wereC.havebeenD.havemade3.Mysister______thisdresssincelastmonth.Shewearsiteveryday.A.boughtB.hasboughtC.hashadD.had4.Theoldman______fortenyears,butwestillmisshimverymuch.A.diedB.hasdiedC.hasbeendeadD.wasdeadExerciseI_________(buy)thiscomputerforthreeyears.He__________(borrow)themagazinesincelastmonth.We__________(arrive)inShanghaiforfivedays.Mybrother____________(leave)schoolforhalfayear.She__________(join)themusicclubsince2023.Theoldman____________(die)forfiveyears.Myparents__________(get)marriedfortwentyyears.They__________(come)inthiscitysince2019.Themovie__________(begin)forfortyminutes.Theclass__________(stop)fortenminutes.havehadExercisehaskepthavebeenhasbeenawayhasbeeninhasbeendeadhavebeenhavebeenhasbeenonhasbeenoverHegotmarriedin2019.(It’syear2026now.)=Hehasbeenmarriedsince2019.=Hehasbeenmarriedforeightyears.=Hehasbeenmarriedsinceeightyearsago.=Itis/Ithasbeeneightyearssincehegotmarried.=Eightyearshaspassedsincehegotmarried.Itis/Ithasbeen+一段时间+since+一般过去时的句子一段时间+haspassed+since+一般过去时的句子现在完成时vs一般过去时Weusethepresentperfecttensetotalkaboutanactionthatstartedinthepastandcontinuestothepresent.我们使用现在完成时来谈论从过去开始并持续到现在的动作。e.g.Theyledustotherestaurantwhenwearrived.pastpresent重点在于陈述引领我们去餐厅这一过去发生的事件。Weusethesimplepasttenseforanactioninthepastandtheactionisover.我们使用一般过去时来描述过去发生的动作，并且该动作已经结束。e.g.We'velivedinasmalloldhousesincewecamehere.现在过去过去动作延续现在重点在于谈论从过去一直住到现在。•Weusethesimplepasttensetodescribe

whathappenedinthepast.Theactionisfinished.我们使用一般过去时来描述过去发生的事情，且该动作已经结束。Shelostherwaytwodaysago.pastpresenttwoyearsago•Weusethepresentperfecttensetotalkabouttheresultofanaction.我们使用现在完成时来谈论某动作的结果。Shehaslostherway.Shehastocallthepoliceforhelp.pastpresent重点在于陈述迷路这一过去发生的事件。重点在于谈论她迷路，现在需要警察帮忙这一结果。现在过去过去动作对现在有影响•Weusethesimplepasttensetodescribe

whathappenedinthepast.

我们使用一般过去时来描述过去发生的事情。pastpresentMydadwenttoChinalastmonth.•Weusethepresentperfecttensetodescribe

howmanytimesanactionhashappeneduptothepresent.

我们用现在完成时来描述过去某个动作到目前为止已经发生的次数。MydadhasbeentoChinathreetimes.pastpresentlastmonth重点在于陈述父亲上个月去过中国这一过去发生的事件。重点在于谈论父亲去过中国三次(现在对中国比较熟悉)。I____________(finish)myhomeworkalready.Icangoouttoplay.He__________(finish)hishomeworkanhourago.Myfather__________(go)toBeijing.Hewillcomebacknextweek.Myfather__________(go)toBeijinglastmonth.We__________(know)eachothersincewewerechildren.We__________(meet)forthefirsttimein2010.She__________(live)inthiscityfor10years.She__________(live)inthiscityin2015.They__________(see)thisfilmthreetimes.They__________(see)thisfilmlastnight.ExercisesawhavefinishedfinishedhasgonewenthaveknownmethaslivedlivedhaveseenSummary动词过去式didhas/have+动词的过去分词过去某个时间发生的事情或存在的状态从过去持续到现在的动作或状态已经发生或完成的动作或状态对现在造成的结果或产生的影响到目前为止，某动作发生的次数如yesterday，theotherday，last…，…ago等。如already,ever,just,recently,(not)yet,sofar,uptonow,until/tillnow,since,for等。谓语动词一般过去时现在完成时用法标志词1.--Haveyou