雅思阅读题型技巧讲解之小标题题型

雅思阅读题型技巧讲解之小标题题型ListofHeadings题也叫做小标题题。它应当算得上雅思阅读考试中名副其实的难题。今日我给大家带来了雅思阅读题型技巧讲解之小标题题型，盼望能够关心到大家，下面我就和大家共享，来观赏一下吧。

雅思阅读题型技巧讲解之小标题题型

ListofHeadings题也叫做小标题题，顾名思义就是为文章中每个段落选择合适的能够概括段落大意的小标题来。这种题型在雅思阅读考试中常常消失。然而这种题型却往往由于解题方法的错误被误认为是难题。其实，只要把握正确的解题方法，该种题型肯定会变得很简洁并且可以全部做对。

大多数考生认为这种题型较难，由于他们采纳了如下错误的解题思路：

第一，大多数考生解答这种题型的思路在于查找段落的中心句或主题句。

其次，他们还认为段落的中心句或主题句通常段落的首句，次句或尾句。

第三，依据推断出来的中心句或主题句确定正确选项。

但是，雅思阅读全部文章都有主题句或中心句吗?就算有主题句或中心句，它肯定消失在首句，次句或尾句吗?

答案是否定的。

所以，使用这种方法，考生经常会有这样的阅历：看完一个段落的首句发觉刚好有一个标题与这句话对应，于是就把它选出来，但是这个选项偏偏是错误选项。

这样一来，考生做10道题就常常会做错其中的5-6道，而通常去蒙的话，也基本上能对4-5道，所以这种做题方法特别不行取，由于一旦推断错误主题句就肯定会选错答案。

这是第一代的做题方法。在现今的时代背景下可以说是错误的!

那么，我们应当如何避开错误判定主题句、中心句的尴尬或者干脆直接跳过主题句或中心句的推断呢?

雅思阅读题型技巧讲解之小标题题型

详细做法如下：

第一步：阅读题目要求，把例题所选小标题从小标题列表中划掉。(由于，一个段落所选标题其他段落是不会重复的)

其次步：阅读全部小标题，判定反向思维词，并进行反向思维。

第三步：扫瞄段落。

第四步：比较段落与小标题，并利用排解法解答。

“反向思维”是解答这种题型和解答雅思阅读难题——段落信息搭配题(whichparagraphcontainsthefollowinginformation)的关键。

例如，假如现在有一篇文章，该文章有Listofheadings题一组，其中有一个选项为“我的雅思阅读老师陈好”，该标题中至少有两个反向思维词“雅思”和“陈好”。

根据反向思维，假如某个段落选择这个小标题，该段落肯定至少会消失“雅思”和“王毅”这两个词。假如这个段落没有这两个信息，那么该段落确定不会选这个小标题，该小标题便可以排解。

采纳这样“反向思维”的方法就可以奇妙的避开查找主题句或中心句。尽管文章看不太懂，但是每一个小标题每位考生都能读懂，并且可以进行反向思维。

雅思阅读题型技巧讲解之反向思维词

1.细节词。假如某段落选择这个标题，该段落会消失这个细节词。

例如：Theconnectionbetweenhealth-careandotherhumanrights中的humanrights

2.表达变化的词如：change,increase,growth,rise等。假如某段落选择这个标题，该段落一般会消失数据。

例如：Theimpactofrecentchange中的change

3.future,past,recent这样表达时间的词。假如某段落选择这个标题，该段落会消失日期，年月或时间。

例如：Theimpactofrecentchange中的recent

4.复数(-s,-es)。假如某段落选择这个标题，该段落会消失列举这个名词。

例如：Theconnectionbetweenhealth-careandotherhumanrights中humanrights的复数

5.不定冠词a/an。假如某段落选择这个标题，该段落会写到一个详细的案例。

例如：Asuccessfulexerciseinpeoplepower中的a

6.some。和a/an相像，假如某个段落选择这个标题，该段落会消失多个详细的案例。

例如Somepoorselectiondecisions

7.表达流程的词汇process，procedure等。假如某个段落选择这个标题，该段落会消失first,second,third这样的序数词或inthebeginning,afterwards,finally等表达挨次关系的词汇。

8.first。假如某段落选择这个标题，该段落会叙述该事物的诞生，一般会消失诞生的时间，地点或人物。例如：Thefirstrocket。

当然，除了以上列举的这些反向思维词外还有许多，这里就不再一一赘述。

这种2.0版本的解题方法优点至少有三个：

1.奇妙的避开了查找主题句或中心句

2.以每位考生都具备的思维力量为基础化解英文阅读

3.快速正确地解答全部题

雅思阅读模拟题：企业的社会责任

CorporatesocialResponsibility

-anewconceptofmarket

MaybeBenJerrysandTheBodyShopsetthemselvesupforafallbyappearingtohaveamonopolyonnukinganhonestbuck.Buttheirstrugglesarealessononhowlittleweknowabouttheminefieldofethicalmarketing.

TheBodyShop,alongwiththeAmericanicecreammakerBenandJerrys,washailedasanewbreedofgreen,orenvironmentallyconscious,business.

BenandJerry’s

ABenjerrysoffersaverysweetbenefitspackagetoemployees.First,everyoneofthe700+BenJerrysworkersisentitledtothreefreepintsoficecream,sorbetorfrozenyogurtperdayworked.(Someworkersevenuseallotmentsoftheirfreetreatstobarterforothergoodsandservicesintownsuchashaircuts).Beyondthefreebies,personnelreceivesa50%discountonthecompanysfrozengoodies,a40%discountonmerchandiseandafurther30%breakonnon-BenJerrysfoodsatcompanyoutlets.

BWorkersarefurtherentitledtobepaidfamilyleaveandmaytakeadvantageoftheEmployeeStockPurchaseProgramtopurchasecompanystock(aftersixmonthswiththeorganization)ata15%discount.Beginningin1998,316stockoptionsareawardedtoeachworker(excludingdirectorsandofficers)andstockisalsoassignedtoeachemployees401Kplanattheendofthecalendaryear.Thesecontributionsareintendedtoachievethecompanysgoaloflinkedprosperity,i.e.toassurethatfutureprosperityiswidelysharedbyallemployees.

COtherbenefitsinclude:

Healthinsurance,includingcoverageforwellbaby-careandmammograms

Lifeinsurance(twicetheemployeesannualsalary)

Dentalinsurance

Long-termdisabilityplanpaying60%ofsalarysixmonthsafterdisabilityfordurationofdisability

Short-termdisabilityplanpaying60%ofsalaryforsixmonths

Maternityleavewithfullpayforsixweeksafterdelivery

TheBodyShop

DHistoryofTheBodyShopAnitaRoddickstartedTheBodyShopwithamere￡4,000andadream.Withover1,900storesin50countries.TheBodyShopwasfoundedin1976inBrighton,England.Fromheroriginalshop,whichofferedalineof25differentlotions,creams,andoils,Roddickbecamethefirstsuccessfulmarketerofbodycareproductsthatcombinednaturalingredientswithecologically-benignmanufacturingprocesses.Hercompanysrefusaltotestproductsonanimals,alongwithaninsistenceonnonexploitativelaborpracticesamongsuppliersaroundtheworld,appealedespeciallytoupscale,mainlymiddleclasswomen,whowereandhavecontinuedtobethecompanysprimarymarketAssalesboomed,eventheconservativefinancialmarketsapprovedofTheBodyShopsimpressiveprofitpicture,andapublicstockofferingin1984wassuccessful.Anexpansioncampaignfollowed.In1988thecompanyenteredtheU.S.marketbyopeningastoreinNewYorkCity,andby1997thecompanyboasted1,500stores,includingfranchises,in47countries.Anti-marketingseemedtobesmartmarketing,atleastasfarasTheBodyShopwasconcerned.

EPartofthesecretofTheBodyShop’searlysuccesswasthatithadcreatedamarketnicheforitself.Thecompanywasnotdirectlycompetingagainstthetraditionalcosmeticscompanies,whichmarketedtheirproductsasfashionaccessoriesdesignedtocoverupflawsandmakewomenlookmorelikethe

fashionmodelswhoappearedintheirlavishads.Instead,TheBodyShopofferedalineofproductsthatpromisedbenefitsotherthanappearance—healthierskin,forinstance—ratherthansimplyabetter-lookingcomplexion.Thecompanyisknownforpioneeringthenatural-ingredientcosmeticmarketandestablishingsocialresponsibilityasanintegralpartofcompanyoperations.TheBodyShopisknownforitsethicalstances,suchasitsmonetarydonationstothecommunitiesinwhichitoperates,anditsbusinesspartnershipswithdevelopingcountries.In1988RoddickopenedherfirststoreintheUnitedStates,andbythattime—throughvarioussocialinitiativessuchastheStoptheBumcampaigntosavetheBrazilianrainforest(thesourceofmanyofthecompanysnaturalingredients，andstrongsupportofemployeevolunteerism——TheBodyShopnamehadbecomesynonymouswithsocialactivismandglobalpreservationworldwide.Thecompanyhadalsobecomeimmenselyprofitable.

FBythemid-1990s,however.TheBodyShopfacedgrowingcompetition,forcingittobeginitsfirstmajoradvertisinginitiative,themostprominentpartofwhichwasthe“Ruby”campaign.ThecampaignwaspersonifiedbyRuby,adollwithRubenesqueproportionswhowasperchedonanantiquecouchandwholookedquitepleasedwithherselfandherplumpframe.RandyWilliamson,aspokespersonforTheBodyShop,said,“Rubyisthefruitofourlong-establishedpracticeofchallengingthewaythecosmeticindustrytalkstowomen.TheRubycampaignisdesignedtopromotetheideathatTheBodyShopcreatesproductsdesignedtoenhancefeatures,moisturize,cleanse,andpolish,nottocorrect‘flaws’.TheBodyShopphilosophyisthatthereisrealbeautyineveryone.Wearenotclaimingthatourproductsperformmiracles.

GTheCompetitiontheBodyShoplostmarketshareinthelate1990’stoproduct-savvycompetitorsthatofferedsimilarcosmeticsatlowerprices.ThemaincompetitorsareH20,Sephora,BathandBodyWorks,andOrigins.ResearchResultsResearchshowedthatwomenappreciateTheBodyShopforitsethicalstandards.Theyarepleasedbycompanieswithgreenactions,notpromises.TheresearchprovedthatTheBodyShophasbeenputonthebackburnerinmanypeoplesminds:overcrowdedbynewer,fresherBrandsCompaniesliketheBodyShopcontinuallyhypetheirproductsthroughadvertisingandmarketing,oftencreatingademandforsomethingwherearealneedforitdoesnotexist.Themessagepushedisthattheroutetohappinessisthroughbuyingmoreandmoreoftheirproducts.Undersuchconsumerism,theincreasingdominationofmultinationalsandtheirstandardisedproductsisleadingtoglobalculturalconformity.Otherdownfallfactorsalsoincludemisleadingthepublic,lowpayandagainstunions,exploitingindigenouspeople;Alsothemassproduction,packagingandtransportationofhugequantitiesofgoodsisusinguptheworldsresourcesfasterthantheycanberenewedandfillingtheland,seaandairwithdangerouspollutionandwaste.

HTheProblemTheBodyShophasusedsafeandtimidadvertisingoverthelastdecade,decreasingmarketshareandbrandvalue.Withtheriseofnew,morenaturalandenvironmentallyfriendlycompetitors,TheBodyShopcannolongerstandbehindbeingthegreenestormostnatural.TheSolutionTheBodyShopistheoriginatorofethicalbeautywithouractionsspeakinglouderthanourwords.ThisisthenewdirectionofTheBodyShop.Wewillbeapartofdifferentactsofkindnessinbigcities.Wewilleliminateunwantedgraffiti,purifycityair,andgivethecustomeranopportunitytobeapartofsomethinggood.

Questions1-4

ThereadingPassagehassevenparagraphsA-H.

Whichparagraphcontainsthefollowinginformation?

WritethecorrectletterA-H,inboxes1-4youranswersheet.

1AnactiontakentoEstablishingsocialresponsibilityinconservationproject

2adescriptionoftheconventionalwaytheadsappliedtotalktoitscustomers

3Ahistoryofahumbleoriginandexpansion

4managementpracticesarcintendedtolinedupthecompanysgoalwithparticipantsprosperity

Questions5-7

Choosethethreecorrectletter,A-F.

Writeyouranswersinboxes5-7onyouranswersheet.

5-7)WhataretrueabouttheBenJerryscompanymanagement

ATherewaslittledifferencebetweenthehighestsalaryandthelowest

BTheywereadvertisingtheirproductwithpowerfulinternalmarketing.

CTheyoffertheemployeecomplimentaryproduct

DEmployeewereencouragedtogiveservicesbacktothecommunity

Etheproductsaredesignedforworkerstobarterforothergoodsandservices

Fofferedapackageofbenefitsfordisableemployees

Questions8-10