国际传播视角下民俗文化词汇英译分析-以杨宪益、戴乃迭译本《朝花夕拾》为例

AAnalysisoftheEnglishTranslationofFolkCultureVocabularyfromthePerspectiveofInternationalCommunication:ACaseStudyofDawnBlossomsPluckedatDusk国际传播视角下民俗文化词汇英译分析—以杨宪益、戴乃迭译本《朝花夕拾》为例AbstractFolkcultureisalivingculturecreated,sharedandinheritedbythepeopleofacountryoraspecificsocialgroupinlong-termhistoricallifeandproductionpractice,andithasthecharacteristicsofnationality,era,regionalityandstability(ZhongJingwen,2004).Intheprocessofformingandinheritingfolkculture,avarietyoffolkculturewordshavebeenproduced,whichvividlydepicttherichscenesoffolkcustoms,reflectthegreatwisdomofpeopleindailylifeandlabor,andaretheconcreteembodimentoftraditionalfolkcultureinlanguage.(YouSally,2021)Sinceitspublicationin1953,theEnglishtranslationofDawnBlossomsPluckedatDusk(DawnBlossomsPluckedatDusk)byYangXianyiandGladysDaihasbeenregardedasaclassicofChineseliterarytranslation.AsacollectionofclassicessaysbyMr.LuXunreminiscingabouthischildhoodandyouthlife,"DawnBlossomsPluckedatDusk"containsrichelementsofChinesefolkculture.TheEnglishtranslationofDawnBlossomsPluckedatDuskbyYangXianyiandGladysDaiisguidedbyteleologyandadoptsatranslationmethodbasedonalienationstrategysupplementedbynaturalizationstrategy,systematicallypresentingtheculturalloadwordsinLuXun'sworks.ThistranslationnotonlyretainstheuniquenessofChinesefolkcultureininternationalcommunication,butalsobalancesculturalauthenticityandreadabilitythroughexplanatorytranslation,providinganimportantwindowforWesternreaderstounderstandtraditionalChineseculture.However,therearealsolimitationsinthewaycertainhigh-culturalvocabularyishandledinthetranslation,whichmaymakeitdifficultforsomereaderstofullyunderstanditduetoculturaldifferences.DoingagoodjobininternationalcommunicationisanimportanttaskfordisseminatingChina'sstorywell.Fromtheperspectiveoftranslation,culturalcommunicationistotellChinesestoriesthroughthealienationandnaturalizationofculturallyloadedwords.InordertotellChinesestoriesandspreadChineseculturewell,folkcultureisindispensable.Therefore,thisstudywillanalyzethetranslationstrategiesandeffectsoffolkculturevocabularyinYang'stranslationinthecontextofinternationalcommunication,andexploreitsvalueandshortcomingsinculturalcommunication.Keywords:DawnBlossomsPluckedatDusk;InternationalCommunication;FolkCulture;CulturalLoadingWords

摘要民俗文化是一个国家的人民或特定的社会群体在长期历史生活和生产实践中创造、共享和传承的生活文化，其具有民族性、时代性、地域性与稳定性等特征(钟敬文，2004)。在民俗文化的成型和传承过程中，产生了多姿多彩的民俗文化词汇，它们形象地描绘了丰富的民族风俗景象，反映了人们在日常生活及劳动中的伟大智慧，是传统民俗文化在语言当中的具体体现。（游莎利，2021）杨宪益、戴乃迭夫妇的英译本《DawnBlossomsPluckedatDusk》(《朝花夕拾》)自1953年问世以来，一直被视为中国文学翻译的经典之作。《朝花夕拾》作为鲁迅先生回忆童年与青年生活的经典散文集，蕴含丰富的中国民俗文化元素。杨宪益与戴乃迭夫妇的英译本《DawnBlossomsPluckedatDusk》以目的论为指导，采取异化策略为主、归化策略为辅的翻译方法，系统地呈现了鲁迅作品中的文化负载词。这一译本在国际传播中既保留了中国民俗文化的独特性，又通过解释性翻译平衡了文化真实与可读性，为西方读者提供了了解中国传统文化的重要窗口。然而，译本中某些高文化负载词汇的处理方式也存在一定局限，可能导致部分读者因文化差异而难以完全理解。做好国际传播工作是当前传播好中国故事的重要任务。翻译角度上说，文化传播是通过文化负载词的异化和归化手段讲述中国故事。为讲好中国故事，传播好中国文化，民俗文化不可或缺。所以本研究将在国际传播背景下，分析杨译本中民俗文化词汇的翻译策略与效果，探讨其在文化传播中的价值与不足。关键词：朝花夕拾;国际传播;民俗文化;文化负载词CONTENTSChapter1Introduction............................................................................................11.1ResearchBackground……1.2ResearchPurposeandQuestions………………1.3ResearchSignificance……………1.4StructureoftheThesis…………Chapter2LiteratureReview..............................................................................2.1PreviousResearchonDawnBlossomsPluckedatDusk.....................32.2LiteratureonTranslationStrategies….4Chapter3FolkCultureWordsinDawnBlossomsPluckedatDusk...................63.1IntroductiontofolkcultureandDawnBlossomsPluckedatDusk............3.2ClassificationofFolkCulturewordsinDawnBlossomsPluckedatDusk...3.3SignificanceandFeasibilityofTranslatingFolkCultureWords…………Chapter4AnalysisofTranslationStrategiesandEffectsinDawnBlossomsPluckedatDusk…………………4.1FolkCultureVocabularyTranslationStrategies...............................94.2ConnectionbetweenStrategiesandTheoryofInternationalCommunication...........................................................................94.3EvaluationofCommunicationEffect.....................................................14.4AdvantagesandLimitationsoftheTranslation......................................13Chapter5Conclusion....................................................................................155.1Enlightenment…………5.2FindingsandSuggestions………………References...............................................................................................................16Acknowledgments.............................................................................

AnalysisoftheEnglishTranslationofFolkCultureVocabularyfromthePerspectiveofInternationalCommunication:ACaseStudyofDawnBlossomsPluckedatDuskChapter1Introduction1.1ResearchBackground:Inthecontextofacceleratedglobalization,cross-culturalexchangesarebecomingmoreandmorefrequent,andlanguage,asanimportantcarrierofculture,playsacentralroleinpromotingmutuallearningamongcivilizations.Withitsprofoundhistoricalaccumulationanduniqueculturalconnotation,Chineseculturehasbecomeanimportantobjectofinternationalcommunication.WiththeincreasingglobalinfluenceofChineseculture,theinternationaldisseminationofliteraryworkshasbecomeanimportantwindowtoshowcasethecountry'sculturalsoftpower.Asacollectionofreminiscenceessaysthatintegratesliteratureandideology,LuXun's"DawnBlossomsPluckedatDusk"deeplyreflectsChina'ssocialoutlookandculturaltraditionsinthelateQingandearlyMingdynasties.Amongthem,folkculturalvocabulary(suchasfestivals,customs,dialects,religiousceremonies,etc.)isnotonlyanimportantpartofthetextnarrative,butalsoamicrocosmoftraditionalChineseculture.However,thesewordsareoftenregardedas"culturallyexclusive"intranslationduetotheirhighdependenceonspecificculturalcontexts,andtheirEnglishtranslationstrategiesdirectlyaffecttheperceptionandacceptanceofChineseculturebyinternationalreaders.Therefore,thetranslationoffolkculturevocabularyfacesmanychallenges,suchassemanticgaps,thetransmissionofculturallyloadedwords,andreaders'acceptance.Howtoretaintheuniquenessofthesourcelanguageculturewhileensuringtheunderstandingandacceptanceofthetargetlanguagereadersintranslationhasbecomeakeyissuethatneedstobesolvedurgentlyinthefieldofinternationalcommunication.AsanauthoritativetranslationofChinesemodernandcontemporaryliteraryclassics,theEnglishtranslationofDawnBlossomsPluckedatDuskbyMr.andMrs.YangXianyiprovidesatypicalcaseforthestudyofEnglishtranslationstrategiesoffolkculturalvocabulary.Thispapertakesthistranslationasastartingpointtodiscussthetranslationpracticeandinternationaldisseminationpathoffolkculturalvocabulary.2.2ResearchPurposeandQuestionsThisarticleaimstoexplorethefollowingquestions:WhatkindoftranslationstrategyoffolkculturevocabularyusedinYangXianyiandGladysYang'stranslation?Howdothesestrategiesbalancepreservingculturalauthenticitywithimprovingreadability?WhataretheimplicationsofthedisseminationeffectofthetranslationfortheforeigntranslationofcontemporaryChineseliterature?Basedonthis,thisstudywillcombinefunctionaltranslationtheory(Nida),associationtheory(Sperber&Wilson)andtranslationadaptationselectiontheory(HuGengshen)toanalyzethespecificmethodsoftranslatorsindealingwithfolkculturalvocabularyandevaluateitsimpactontheculturalcognitionofinternationalreaders.2.3ResearchSignificanceThesignificanceofthisstudyisasfollows:Theoreticallevel:enrichthetheoreticalframeworkofculturallyloadedwordtranslationandprovideanewanalyticalperspectiveforcross-culturalcommunicationresearch;Practicallevel:summarizethesuccessfulexperienceofYangXianyi'stranslation,andprovidetranslationstrategiesforforeigntranslationofChineseliterature;Culturallevel:Revealthevalueandchallengesoffolkculturevocabularyininternationalcommunication,andhelptheglobaldisseminationofChineseculture.Drivenbyglobalizationandculturalpluralism,thetranslationoffolkculturevocabularyhasbecomeanimportanttopicininternationalcommunication.ThepracticeofYangXianyi'stranslationofDawnBlossomsPluckedatDuskshowsthatthroughtheflexiblecombinationofnaturalizationandalienation,andthecomplementaryuseofliteraltranslationandannotation,thetranslationproblemoffolkculturevocabularycanbeeffectivelysolvedandtheinternationalrecognitionofChineseculturecanbepromoted.Futureresearchcanbefurtherextendedtothetranslationpracticeofotherliteraryclassicsandnon-literarytexts,exploreamoreuniversalpathfortheinternationaldisseminationoffolkculture,andcontributeculturalwisdomtotheconstructionofacommunitywithasharedfutureformankind.2.4StructureofthethesisThispaperwillbedividedintofiveparts.Thefirstpartintroducestheresearchbackground,purposeandsignificanceofthispaper.Inthesecondpart,theliteraturereviewintroducesthepreviousresearchintherelevantfieldandtheresearchdirectionofthispaper.Thethirdpartintroducestheresearchobjectofthisdissertation:thevocabularyoffolkculture.Inthissection,abriefintroductionaboutfolklorewillbemade.Meanwhile,Iwilllisttheclassificationconcerningthefolklorevocabulary.Ultimately,Iwillanalyzethefeasibilityoftranslatingthesewords.Thefourthpartanalyzestexttranslationstrategiesandevaluatestheireffectivenessandlimitations.Thelastpartservesasasummaryofthepaper.

Chapter2LiteratureReview2.1Researchof"DawnBlossomsPluckedatDusk"andtheVocabularyofFolkCultureScholarsathomeandabroadhavedonealotofresearchonthetranslationstrategyoftheEnglishtranslationofDawnBlossomsPluckedatDusk.ManyscholarshaveanalyzedtheEnglishtranslationfromtheperspectivesofteleology,functionalequivalencetheory,ecologicaltranslationtheory,andassociationtheory.Nida(1964)proposedthetheoryoffunctionaltranslation,whichadvocatesthattranslationshouldbeorientedtotheneedsoftargetlanguagereaders.Forexample,FuQiong(2011)usesteleologyasatheoreticalbasistoanalyzethetranslationstrategiesandmethodsofChineseloadwordsinYangXianyi'sEnglishtranslationofDawnBlossomsPluckedatDusk.Throughthestatisticsandanalysisofthetranslationstrategiesandmethodsinthispaper,itisconcludedthatfaithfullydisseminatingtheexcellentChinesecultureistheprimarypurposeofYangXianyiandhiswife'stranslationofDawnBlossomsPluckedatDusk.MinLiyuan(2012)usedthetheoryofecologicaltranslationtoanalyzetheEnglishtranslationofDawnBlossomsPluckedatDusk,andsawthattheselectivityandadaptabilityofthetranslationbrokethestandardsofprevioustranslations.TangShaofei(2010)verifiedthatthestyleofliteraryworksistranslatablefromthestudyofthetranslationstyleof"DawnBlossomsPluckedatDusk"fromtheperspectiveoffunctionalequivalence.XiaoSe(2016)analyzesthetranslationofculturallyloadedwordsinYangXianyi'stranslationfromtheperspectiveofassociationtheory,andpointsoutthatthetranslatorhassuccessfullyachievedthe"bestassociation"throughthecombinationofalienationandnaturalizationstrategies.HuGengshen(2004)putforwardthetheoryoftranslationadaptationandchoice,emphasizingthattranslatorsneedtomakeadaptivechoicesinthreedimensions:language,cultureandcommunication.ZhouMeng(2019)furthercombinedthefindingsofpreviousscholarstoexplorehowYangXianyiandhiswifecanconveytheauthor'sintentionbyadoptingtranslationmethodssuchasliteraltranslation,paraphrasetranslation,substitution,andtransliteration,andatthesametimesmoothlyconveytheChineseconnotationofculturallyloadedwordstotargetlanguagereaders,therebyexpandingtheircognitiveenvironment.However,theanalysisoffolkculturevocabularyregardingworksofLuXunwasnotuntilDingHuiandGuoLiying(2019),whobegantodiscusswhateffectivecountermeasurestranslatorsshouldtakewhentranslatingfolkculturevocabularyinordertoretaintheoriginalinformationtothegreatestextent,sothatthemajorityoftargetlanguagereaderscanreadanddeeplyunderstandtheculturalinformationandconnotationintheoriginalwork.2.2LiteratureonTranslationStrategiesAlthoughtheEnglishtranslationstrategyofDawnBlossomsPluckedatDuskhasbeendiscussedindepthinexistingresearch,thereisstillaresearchgapasfollows:FolkcultureasanactAnimportantpartofDawnBlossomsPluckedatDusk,mostscholarsusedtoonlystopattranslatingandculturallyloadingwords,andlackedknowledgeofdifferenttypesoffolkculturevocabulary(suchasmaterialfolklore,socialfolklore,spiritualfolklore,etc.)inYangXianyi'stranslation.Thereisalackofempiricalresearchonthepracticalimpactoftranslationininternationalcommunication(e.g.,readeracceptance,culturaldiscounts,etc.);Thereisalackoftheoreticaldiscussiononthecorrelationbetweentranslationstrategiesandthepurposeofinternationalcommunication.Onthebasisoftheaboveresearch,thisstudywillfurtheranalyzethetranslationstrategyofChinesefolkculturevocabularytranslatedbyYangXianyi,andusethetheoryofinternationalcommunicationperspectivetoexploreitscommunicationeffect,soastoprovideanewperspectiveforculturaltranslationresearch.“Inthetranslationofculture-loadedwords,translatorsshouldconveytheculturalconnotationstotheTLreaderswithoutrequiringtoomanyprocessingeffortsfromthereaders.Toachievethis,theyshouldadoptappropriatetranslationstrategiesandmethods.YangXianyiandGladysYangemployedthetranslationstrategiesofdomesticationandforeignizationtogetherwithcorrespondingtranslationmethodstorendertheculture-loadedwordsinDawnBlossomsPluckedatDusk.”XiaoSe(2016)InYangXianyi'stranslation,thetwomajortranslationmethodsofdomesticationandforeignizationaremainlyusedintranslation.Somecommonstrategiesthatfallintothesetwobranches(addition,transliteration,elision,etc.)areapplied.）Onthebasisofsummarizingthevocabularyoffolkculture,thisstudyanalyzesthetranslationstrategiesofthefourdimensionsoffolkculturevocabulary,andanalyzesthecorrespondingtranslationstrategiesandtheirinfluences.

Chapter3FolkCultureWordsinDawnBlossomsPluckedatDusk3.1IntroductiontoFolkCultureandDawnBlossomsPluckedatDusk3.1.1.DefinitionofFolkCultureFolkcultureisthesumofthetraditionalcustoms,beliefs,artsandlifestylesformedbycivilsocietyinthelong-termhistoricaldevelopment,andhasadistinctregionality,inheritanceandcollectivecharacter.Itcontinuesfromgenerationtogenerationthroughwordofmouthandbehaviordemonstration,whichnotonlyreflectsthespiritualcoreofanation,butalsocontinuestoevolveduetothechangesofthetimesandsocialdevelopment.Forexample,traditionalfestivals,weddingandfuneralceremonies,folkdramas,mythsandlegends,etc.,areallimportantpartsoffolkculture.Folkculturenotonlycarrieshistoricalmemory,butalsoprofoundlyaffectsindividualideasandbehaviorpatterns.3.1.2TheBackgroundandContentoftheCreationof"DawnBlossomsPluckedatDusk"."DawnBlossomsPluckedatDusk"isacollectionofreminiscenceessayscreatedbyLuXunin1926,formerlyknownas"OldThingsRevisited",whichcontainsatotaloftenworks.TheseessaysfocusonLuXun'schildhood,adolescenceandyoungadultlife,anddepictShaoxing'slocalcustoms,characterstoriesandsocialfeaturesthroughdelicatebrushstrokes.Thecollectionofessaysnotonlycontainsaffectionatememoriesofcharacterssuchashischildhoodpartner,theeldestmother,andMr.privateschool,butalsosharplycriticizesfeudaletiquetteandbadsocialhabits.TheEnglishtranslationofDawnBlossomsPluckedatDuskbeganinthemid-20thcentury,andwiththegradualdisseminationofLuXun'sworksintheEnglish-speakingworld,theEnglishtranslationgraduallybecameanimportanttextforthestudyofmodernChineseliteratureinWesternacademiccircles.In1927,theAmericanscholarBartlettsystematicallyintroducedLuXun'sshortstoriesforthefirsttime,layingthefoundationforsubsequenttranslations.Afterthe1950s,"DawnBlossomsPluckedatDusk"begantobeincludedintheEnglishtranslationprojectofLuXun'sworks.In1977,theBritishscholarG.E.Bentley'sTheTrueStoryofAhQandOtherWritingsincludesportionsofDawnBlossomsPluckedatDusk(e.g.,FromtheGardenofHerbstotheHouseofThreeFlavors),whichisanearlierattemptatacompleteEnglishtranslationofthecollection.G.E.Bentley'stranslationfocusesonpreservingLuXun'scriticalandliteraryqualities,butduetoculturaldifferences,somearticlesrelyonannotations.AlthoughWai-limYip's(1987)translationofTheBlessingdoesnotexplicitlycoverthecompleteworksofDawnBlossomsPluckedatDusk,histranslationofLuXun'sproseismorenarrative,literaryandreadable.AlthoughPatrickHanan'sTheTechniquesofLuXun'sNovels(1972)isaresearchmonograph,hisanalysisoftheEnglishtranslationofDawnBlossomsPluckedatDuskhasbecomeanimportantreferenceforWesternscholars.Mr.andMrs.YangXianyibegantranslatingLuXun'sworksinthe50softhe20thcentury,includingessaycollections,novelsandessaysincluding"DawnBlossomsPluckedatDusk",whichcontinueduntiltheearly1980s.Whileretainingitsliterarycharacterandideologicaldepth,theEnglishtranslationofDawnBlossomsPluckedatDuskhassuccessfullycrossedculturalbarriersthroughtheaidofannotationsandresearchmonographs.HistranslationnotonlypromotedtheglobaldisseminationofLuXun'sworks,butalsobecamethecoretextforWesternscholarstostudythehistoryofmodernChineseliteratureandthought.Inthefuture,withthedeepeningofcross-culturalstudies,EnglishtranslationswillcontinuetoplayanimportantroleintheculturaldialoguebetweenChinaandtheworld.TheEnglishtranslationofMorningFlowersandSunsetbyYangXianyiandGladysDaiisnotonlythecorecarrierofLuXun'sworksintheinternationaldissemination,butalsoatypicalcaseoftranslationresearch.Thepreciseprocessingofculturallyloadedwords,thefaithfulrestorationofliterarystyle,andtheinnovationofcross-culturalannotationshavesuccessfullyrealizedtheprincipleof"bestrelevance"andlaidasolidfoundationfortheglobaldisseminationofLuXun'sthoughts.TheacademicvalueandculturalinfluenceofthetranslationmakeitoccupyanimportantpositioninthehistoryofculturalexchangesbetweenChinaandtheWest.ThispapertakesthetranslationofMr.andMrs.YangXianyiastheresearchobject,andfocusesontheanalysisoftheirtranslationoffolkculturevocabulary.3.1.3.TheIntrinsicConnectionbetweenFolkCultureand"DawnBlossomsPluckedatDusk".LuXun'sdepictionofShaoxingfolkcustomsin"DawnBlossomsPluckedatDusk"isparticularlyprominent,whichisnotonlythebackgroundcolorofhischildhoodlife,butalsotheentrypointforhiscriticismofsociety.Thedepictionoffolkculturein"DawnBlossomsPluckedatDusk"isnotonlyaprojectionofLuXun'spersonalmemory,butalsothestartingpointofhisideologicalenlightenment.Shaoxing'sfolkbeliefs,festivals,andlocalcustomsformedthefoundationofLuXun'searlyspiritualworld,andalsoprovidedculturalresourcesforhislatercriticalconsciousness.Forexample,hisyearningforan"impermanent"worldisactuallyarebellionagainstthehypocrisyofrealsociety;ThenostalgiafortheBaicaoGardenimpliesthecherishingoffreenature.Inaddition,LuXunrealizedthe"reflection"and"transcendence"oftraditionalculturethroughthewritingoffolkculture.Hesublimatedfolklorefromalocalexperiencetoauniversalculturalcritique,whichnotonlyretainsthewarmthofthecountryside,butalsogivesitmodernsignificance.AsscholarChenFangjing(1999)saidinLuXunandEasternZhejiangCulture,LuXunusedthepersonalityofShaoxingcultureasthe"intermediary"toconstructthebackgroundofEasternZhejiangintheMayFourthNewLiterature.3.2ClassificationofFolkCultureWordsinDawnBlossomsPluckedatDuskThefolkculturevocabularyin"MorningFlowersandSunset"canbesummarizedintofourcategories:spiritual,social,materialandlinguistic.Thesefourtypesofwordshavetheirowncharacteristicsintermsofculturalload,historicalepochandemotionalexpression,whichprovideabasisfortheselectionoftranslationstrategies.3.2.1SpiritualFolkloreCultureWordsSpiritualandculturalfolklorewordsareusuallycloselyrelatedto"humans,ghosts,andgods".Differentgenresystemshavedifferentopinionsandopinionsonthesethree.Forexample,Confucianismbelievesthathumanbeingsarethesubjectofmorality,emphasizesthepracticeofthepresentworld,worshipsghostsandgodsandstaysaway,andhighlightstheedifyingroleofitssacrificialrituals;Taoistsbelievethatpeopleshouldconformtonatureandpursuespiritualfreedom,andthatghostsandspiritsarepartofnature.Mohistsadvocatebothloveandnon-aggression,emphasizingpragmatism,andghostsandgodsaretoolsofgovernancethatcanregulatesocialbehavior.Theconceptof"human,ghost,andgod"inChinesephilosophyembodiestheconstructionofsocialorder(suchasancestorworship),andintegratesreligiousbeliefsandculturalpractices.Theconceptof"man,ghost,andgod"reflectstheancientChineseunderstandingofnature,life,death,andsocialorder.Thispluralisticandintegratedideologicalsystemisnotonlydifferentfromthedualisticoppositionof"soul-God"intheWest,butalsodifferentfromthesinglepathof"reincarnation-liberation"inIndia,formingauniquecosmologyof"heaven,earth,people,ghostsandgods",whichhasprofoundlyinfluencedthevaluesandlifestyleofChinese.Spiritualwordsmainlyreferstowordsrelatedtoreligionandfolkbeliefs,suchas:"无常鬼"、"目连戏"、"五猖会"、"城隍"、"东岳大帝"andsoon.Thesewordshavestrongreligiousovertonesandfolkloreelements,andareanimportantcarrierforLuXun'scriticismoffeudalsuperstition.Forexample,theimageofthe"impermanenceghost"describedinthearticle"Impermanence",withitssnow-whiteclothesandbrokenbananafans,reflectstheuniqueChinesefolkimaginationofghostsandgodsintheunderworld.Vocabularyoftenhasahighculturalgap,thatis,thereisalackofdirectcorrespondenceinthetargetlanguage,andspecialattentionneedstobepaidtotheintegrityofculturaltransmissionwhentranslating.3.2.2SocialFolkloreCultureWordsSocialwordsrelatetotraditionalsocialstructures,etiquetteandinterpersonalrelationships,suchas:"哥儿"、"恭喜恭喜"、"老莱娱亲"andsonon.Thesewordsnotonlycarryculturalinformation,butalsoreflectLuXun'scritiqueoffeudalhierarchyandtraditionalethics.Forexample,in"AChangand<ClassicofMountainsandSeas>thecustomofletting"me"eatluckyorangesonNewYear'sDay,thecustomofletting"me"eatluckyorangesonthemorningofNewYear'sDayisanauspiciouswordonthesurface,butinfactreflectsthesimplepursuitofabetterlifebythepeopleatthebottom.Thetranslationofsocialvocabularyneedstotakeintoaccountculturalcharacteristicsandaudienceacceptance,notonlytoretainLuXun'scriticality,butalsotoensurethatWesternreaderscanunderstanditssymbolicmeaning.3.2.3MaterialFolkloreCultureWordsThedepictionofrurallifeisvividlycontrastedbythedifferencesbetweenurbanandruralcultures.Themateriallifeoftheworkingpeopleatthebottomreflectedthelivingconditionsofthegeneralpeopleintheoldsociety,andalsoreflectedthesimplehumanityoftheworkingpeopleatthebottom.LuXun'sdescriptionoftheworkingpeopleaffirmsthekindnessandsincerityinhumannature,notonlythinkingaboutthevalueofhumanbeings,butalsoreflectingontheoldtimes.Materialtermsincludetraditionalutensils,foodandclothing,andnaturalproductssuchas:"油蛉"、"斑蝥"、“抬阁”、"高跷"、"寿桃"、"香炉蜡扦"andsoon.Thesewordshaveastrongregionalandcontemporarycharacter,reflectingthecustomsoftheShaoxingarea.Forexample,the"油蛉"and"斑蝥"describedin"FromtheHundredHerbGardentotheThreeFlavorsStudy"areinsectnamesintheShaoxingdialect,withastronglocalflavor.Thedifficultyintranslatingmaterialwordsliesinhowtodealwiththeproblemofculturalgaps,thatis,therearenocorrespondingwordsorconceptsinthetargetlanguage.3.2.4LinguisticFolkloreCultureWordsInthisregard,itmainlyinvolvessomelanguageexpressionsofChineseweddingsandfunerals.Weddingcustoms:Strengthenfamilytiesthroughritualsandexpresstheyearningforahappylife.Funeralcustoms:Withfilialpietyasthecore,itexpressestheaweoftheendoflifeandtheremembranceofancestors.Chineseweddingandfuneralcustomsarenotonlythecarrierofculturalinheritance,butalsotheepitomeofsocialvalues.Linguisticwordsmainlyrefertodialects,colloquialisms,folktales,andoralexpressions,suchas:"装模作样"、"长妈妈"、"老鼠成亲"、"八戒招赘"、"人死了要说'老掉了'"andsoon.Thesewordsnotonlyhavelinguisticcharacteristics,butalsocarryfolkwisdomandemotionalexpressions.Forexample,the"MouseMarriage"NewYearpaintingdescribedin"Dog,Cat,Mouse"reflectstheinterestingimaginationofthefolkaboutmarriageceremonies.Thetranslationoflinguisticvocabularyneedstostrikeabalancebetweenpreservingtheoriginalflavorandensuringthetransmissionofinformation,bothtopreserveLuXun'sliterarystyle