北京丰台区2025~2026学年第二册期中练习高二英语试卷【附解析】

/2025-2026学年度第二学期期中练习高二英语考试第一部分知识运用（共两节30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Movementisourfirstlanguage;Ibelievewe’reborntodance.I’vealwayshadaspeciallikingfordance,andmyjob.Igotgreat___1___workinginthetherapeutic(治疗的)world;itfeltmorelikeacalling.Ienjoyedeverymoment;mypurposeandmission___2___me.MyhighlightsarewhenI’vewitnessedoncedullandhopelesseyeslightupwhenthepersonfeltseen,heard,andaccepted.Then,illhealthstruck.Asmyhealthdeclinedprogressively,IhadtostopdoingwhatIloved.___3___,allIhadwasbeingabletofacilitatetheoccasionalworkshopwhenopportunityandenergyaligned(一致).Chronicfatiguesyndrome(慢性疲劳综合症)isamercilessbeast.In2020,theunimaginablehappened.Inadditiontosoul-destroyingfeelingofbeing___4___,Ibeganexperiencingfrequentvocalchallengesofvaryingdegrees.Icouldnolongeracceptfacilitationinvitationsbecausemy___5___wasnowunreliable.Igrieved,feelinglikeIwasbeingswallowedbyadamp,darkfog.Afteranextendedperiodofbeinginself-pity,I___6___mythinking.Ihaveinternalvalue.Myvalueoridentityisnot___7___bywhatIcanorcannotdo.Regardingmyhealthjourney,intime,I___8___this:itiswhatitis.Forthisseason,thisismypath.So,Istarteddancingagain.Lifeisfullofsurprises,pleasant,unpleasant,andneutral,yetwhatmattersishowwe___9___tothosesurprises.Despiteongoingvoicelossandhealthchallenges,Ifoundnewwaystomakeadifference.YouandImaynotbeabletochoosethe____10____lifeplaysforus;however,wedogettochoosehowwewilldancetoit.Maywedancewithstrength,courage,andgrace.1.A.fame B.surprise C.pleasure D.inspiration2.A.fuelled B.attracted C.instructed D.calmed3.A.Simply B.Particularly C.Eventually D.Apparently4.A.tired B.annoyed C.disappointed D.injured5.A.mind B.sight C.sense D.voice6.A.discovered B.adjusted C.abandoned D.controlled7.A.ignored B.selected C.defined D.assisted8.A.accepted B.recalled C.questioned D.expected9.A.refer B.appeal C.turn D.respond10.A.role B.music C.joke D.game【正确答案】1.C2.A3.C4.A5.D6.B7.C8.A9.D10.B【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是热爱舞蹈和治疗工作的作者的生活变迁和心路历程。【1题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我很高兴在治疗领域工作；这更像是一种召唤。A.fame名声；B.surprise惊讶；C.pleasure快乐；D.inspiration灵感。根据下文“Ienjoyedeverymoment”可知，作者很高兴能在治疗领域里工作，空格处是“快乐”。故选C。【2题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的目标和使命激励着我。A.fuelled刺激；B.attracted吸引；C.instructed指示；D.calmed使平静。根据上文“itfeltmorelikeacalling”可知，作者觉得自己在治疗领域工作像是一种召唤，由此可见，作者的目标和使命激励着作者。故选A。【3题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：最终，我所能做的就是在机会和精力一致的时候，促成偶尔的研讨会。A.Simply仅仅，只；B.Particularly特别，尤其；C.Eventually最终；D.Apparently显然。根据下文“allIhadwasbeingabletofacilitatetheoccasionalworkshopwhenopportunityandenergyaligned”可知，空后内容是作者最终得到的结果，因此空格处是“最终”。故选C。【4题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：除了疲惫的灵魂毁灭感之外，我开始频繁地经历不同程度的声音挑战。A.tired累的；B.annoyed生气的；C.disappointed失望的；D.injured受伤的。根据上文“Chronicfatiguesyndrome(慢性疲劳综合症)isamercilessbeast”可知，作者得了慢性疲劳综合症，所以会觉得累。故选A。【5题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我不能再接受邀请，因为我的声音现在不可靠了。A.mind头脑，大脑；B.sight视力，视觉；C.sense意义；D.voice嗓音，说话声。根据上文“Ibeganexperiencingfrequentvocalchallengesofvaryingdegrees”可知，作者开始频繁地经历不同程度的声音挑战，所以声音不再可靠。故选D。【6题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在长时间的自怜之后，我调整了自己的想法。A.discovered发现；B.adjusted调整；C.abandoned抛弃；D.controlled控制。根据下文“Ihaveinternalvalue”可知，作者在自怜之后开始调整自己的想法，认识到了自己有内部价值。故选B。【7题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的价值或身份不是由我能做什么或不能做什么来定义的。A.ignored忽视；B.selected挑选；C.defined下定义；D.assisted帮助。根据上文“Ihaveinternalvalue”和下文“bywhatIcanorcannotdo”可知，作者觉得自己有内部价值，作者的价值或身份不是由作者能做什么或不能做什么来定义的。故选C。【8题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：关于我的健康之旅，我最终接受了这个事实：它就是这样。A.accepted接受；B.recalled回想起；C.questioned质疑；D.expected期待。根据下文“itiswhatitis.Forthisseason,thisismypath”可知，作者最终接受了“它就是这样”的这个现实。故选A。【9题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：生活充满了惊喜，愉快的，不愉快的，平淡无奇的，但重要的是我们如何应对这些惊喜。A.refer提到，谈及；B.appeal呼吁，恳求；C.turn转动；D.respond回答。根据下文“Despiteongoingvoicelossandhealthchallenges,Ifoundnewwaystomakeadifference”可知，作者找到了有所影响的新方法，因此作者想说的是生活充满了惊喜，愉快的，不愉快的，平淡无奇的，但重要的是我们如何应对这些惊喜。故选D。【10题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：你和我也许无法选择生活为我们弹奏的音乐；然而，我们可以选择如何随它起舞。A.role角色；B.music音乐；C.joke玩笑；D.game游戏。根据下文“however,wedogettochoosehowwewilldancetoit”可知，跳舞是和着音乐跳舞的，因此此处表示“你和我也许无法选择生活为我们弹奏的音乐”，因此空格处是“音乐”。故选B。第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Emotionalintelligenceistheability_____11_____(understand),useandmanageyourownemotionsinpositivewaystorelievestressandcommunicateeffectively.Itisavaluableskill,_____12_____(help)youbuildstrongerrelationshipsandsucceedatwork.Itcanalsohelpyoutoconnectwithyourfeelingsandmakegooddecisions.Inmanycases,emotionalintelligenceisconsideredmoreimportantthanIQ.Themoreyoupracticeit,the_____13_____(easy)itbecomestohandledifficultsituations.【正确答案】11.tounderstand12.helping13.easier【导语】文章主要介绍了情商的定义、重要作用以及勤加练习就能更好应对困境的相关内容。【11题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：情商是一种以积极方式理解、运用和管理自身情绪，从而缓解压力、高效沟通的能力。固定搭配theabilitytodosth.表示“做某事的能力”，此处需要用动词不定式作后置定语。【12题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：它是一项宝贵的技能，帮助你建立更稳固的人际关系，在工作中取得成功。本句已有完整主系表结构，空处不作谓语，skill和help之间为主动关系，需要用现在分词作状语。【13题详解】考查固定句型。句意：你练习得越多，处理棘手情况就会变得越容易。固定句型“the+比较级，the+比较级”，表示“越……，就越……”，此处需要用easy的比较级形式easier。B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。AnnaJonesisajournalist,_____14_____firstbook,Divide—TheRelationshipCrisisBetweenTownandCountry,waslonglistedforthe2022JamesCropperWainwrightPrize.GrowinguponafarmandworkinginthecityhavegivenAnnaarareinsight_____15_____rural(农村的)life.Annastartedthenon-profitcommunicationsproject“JustFarmers”in2018.Shealsorunsamediaeducationprogramtohelpfarmersfindconfidencetoshare_____16_____theyhaveexperiencedwiththewiderworld.【正确答案】14.whose15.into16.what【导语】文章主要介绍了记者安娜·琼斯的个人著作、成长背景以及她为帮助农民发声所开展的公益项目。【14题详解】考查定语从句。句意：安娜·琼斯是一名记者，她的第一本书《隔阂——城乡关系危机》入围了2022年詹姆斯·克罗珀·温赖特奖初选名单。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是AnnaJones，指代人，空后有名词firstbook，表示“她的”，关系代词用whose，在从句中作定语【15题详解】考查介词固定搭配。句意：在农场长大、在城市工作的经历让安娜对农村生活有着难得的深刻了解。固定搭配insightintosth.表示“对……的了解、洞悉”。【16题详解】考查宾语从句。句意：她还运营一个媒体教育项目，帮助农民树立信心，向外界分享他们所经历的一切。空处引导宾语从句，作动词share的宾语，从句中缺少宾语，表示“……的事情/内容”，用连接代词what。C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Chinahasalargenumberofglobalculturalheritagesites____17____(recognize)byUNESCO.Overthepastdecades,greatefforts____18____(make)bythecountrytopreservethem.Theseculturalheritagesitesenrichourdailylivesincountlessways,whetherweexperiencethem____19____(direct)orthroughthemediumofaconnecteddevice.WebelievethatChina____20____(apply)moderntechnologiestotherestorationandpreservationofmoreculturalheritagesitesintheyearstocome.【正确答案】17.recognized18.havebeenmade19.directly20.willapply【导语】文章主要介绍了中国拥有大量联合国教科文组织认定的世界文化遗产，多年来我国一直努力保护遗产，这些遗产丰富人们生活，且未来中国会运用现代科技修缮与保护更多文化遗产。【17题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：中国拥有大量被联合国教科文组织认定的世界文化遗产。空格处修饰名词sites，sites与recognize为被动关系，用过去分词recognized作后置定语。【18题详解】考查时态语态。句意：在过去的几十年里，国家为保护它们付出了巨大努力。时间状语Overthepastdecades为现在完成时标志，efforts与make是被动关系，主语是复数，用现在完成时的被动语态havebeenmade。【19题详解】考查副词。句意：无论我们亲身感受还是通过联网设备了解，这些文化遗产都以无数方式丰富着我们的日常生活。此处修饰动词experience，需用副词形式directly作状语。【20题详解】考查时态。句意：我们相信，在未来的岁月里，中国将会把现代技术应用到更多文化遗产的修复与保护工作中。时间状语intheyearstocome意为“在未来几年”，表将来时间，用一般将来时willapply。第二部分阅读理解（共两节38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AIfyou’realoverofliteratureandwanttostudyitfurther,Harvard’sonlinecoursesareagreatoption!AbouttheCoursesTheAncientGreekHeroexploreswhatitmeanstobehumantodaybystudyingwhatitmeanttobeaheroinancientGreektimes.Toachievethis,learnerswillexperience,inEnglishtranslation,someancientGreekliteraturefromthe8thcenturyBCtothe3rdcenturyAD.NobleCultureandtheCosmopolitanTanglooksathownoblefamiliesandtheircultureandliteraturecontributedtothereunification(重新统一)ofChinaundertheTangDynasty.You’llalsolearnhowtocomposeandanalyzepoetryandcalligraphy.Shakespeare’sLifeandWorkexploresrelationshipsbetweenShakespeare’sworldandpresentday.Throughshortvideosandreadings,youwillseehowthemeaningofaworkofartchangesdependingonthetime,context,andculture.MasterpiecesofWorldLiteraturerevealshowgreatwritersreflectontheirworldandhowtheirworksarechangedintoday’sglobalculture.Ithelpsusunderstandthedeeprootsoftoday’sinterconnectedglobalculture.WaystoTaketheCoursesWhenyousignupforthesecourses,youwillhavetheoptionofauditing(旁听)thecourseorpursuinganofficialcertificate.Intheauditingtrack,learningisfreeandself-pacedwithin18weeks.Learnershaveaccesstopartofourcourseresources.Besides,coursevideosandhandoutsarenotavailablefordownloading.Pleasenotethatthistrackdoesnotofferanofficialcertificate.Alternatively,learnerscanpay$299topursueanofficialcertificate,whichoffersunlimitedaccesstocourseresourceswithinayear.Attheendofthecourse,learnerswhoearnapassinggradecanreceiveacertificate.Ifyou’reinterestedandwanttolearnmore,clickhere:21.Ifyouwanttoknowhowtoanalyzepoetry,youcanchoose______.A.TheAncientGreekHero B.Shakespeare’sLifeandWorkC.MasterpiecesofWorldLiterature D.NobleCultureandtheCosmopolitanTang22.Intheauditingtrack,youcan______.A.determinethelearningpace B.accesshandoutsforafeeC.earnanofficialcertificate D.downloadcoursevideos23.Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?A.Toadvertiseonlinecourses. B.Toexploretherootsofhumanity.C.Tocomparedifferentcultures. D.Tohighlightthevalueofliterature.【正确答案】21.D22.A23.A【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍哈佛大学的在线课程。【21题详解】细节理解题。由AbouttheCourses中NobleCultureandtheCosmopolitanTang中“You’llalsolearnhowtocomposeandanalyzepoetryandcalligraphy.(你还将学习如何创作和分析诗歌和书法。)”可知，如果你想知道如何分析诗歌，你可以选择NobleCultureandtheCosmopolitanTang。故选D项。【22题详解】细节理解题。由WaystoTaketheCourses中第二段“Intheauditingtrack,learningisfreeandself-pacedwithin18weeks.Learnershaveaccesstopartofourcourseresources.Besides,coursevideosandhandoutsarenotavailablefordownloading.Pleasenotethatthistrackdoesnotofferanofficialcertificate.(在旁听赛道中，学习是免费的，在18周内自主学习。学员可以访问我们的部分课程资源。此外，课程视频和讲义不可下载。请注意，这个赛道不提供官方证书。)”可知，在旁听赛道中，你可以决定学习进度。故选A项。【23题详解】推理判断题。由文章第一段“Ifyou’realoverofliteratureandwanttostudyitfurther,Harvard’sonlinecoursesareagreatoption!(如果你是一个文学爱好者，并且想进一步学习，哈佛大学的在线课程是一个很好的选择！)”和最后一段“Ifyou’reinterestedandwanttolearnmore,clickhere:(如果您感兴趣并想了解更多信息，请单击此处：)”可知，文章主要介绍哈佛大学的在线课程，主要目的是为在线课程做广告。故选A项。B“Yourmotherneedsanewheart,”myfathertoldmewhenIcalledonthatDecemberafternoon.Anunrelentingoptimist,hespokeasifshemerelyneededtohaveapartreplaced.But,althoughmytwosistersandIknewthatourmotherhadheartproblems,thisnewsstillmadeusfrozenforawhilewithoureyeswideningindisbelief.Dr.MarcSemigranofthetransplantteamreviewedmymother’smedicalhistory.She’dhadanirregularandrapidheartbeatformostofherlife.Herpresenttreatment—theuseofaseriesofcardioversions,orelectricjolts,torestoreanormalheartbeat—wouldnotworkinthelong-term.Shehadanenlargedandweakenedheart,aswellasafaultyvalve.“Withmedication,”Dr.Semigransaid,“youhavea60percentchanceoflivingsixmonths.Youcouldhavealongerlifewithatransplant,buttherearerisks.You’reatthetopendoftheagegroupofsixtyyearsold.Thelungsandotherorgansmustbehealthyandstrong.Whilethetransplantsurgeryisactuallyastraightforwardprocedure,acceptancebythebodyisthedifficultthing.”Myfamilycametogether,tryingtoprovidestrengthandworkoutwhattodo.We’dalreadygonefromshock,overourmother’scondition,toworrythatshewouldn’tbeasuitablerecipient.Despiteoftherisk,wechosetobelievethatshewouldmakeiteventually.WordcamelaterinDecemberthatshehadbeenacceptedintotheprogramme.Dr.JeremyRuskintoldusoneofthereasonsshehadbeenacceptedwasthatshehadsuchstrongfamilysupport.OneMondayinMay,atabout8p.m.,mymotherreceivedaphonecallfromthehospitalthataheartwasavailable.Asshewasabouttobewheeledoff,myfathertookherfaceinhishandsandlookedintohereyes.Hislooksaideverythingabouttheir42-yearrelationship.Thehearttransplantoperationwassuccessfulandtheconditionscouldnothavebeenbetter.Theironyofthetransplantprocessisthatonefamily’slossisanother’sgain;thattragedybegetsfortune.Itisakindoflifeafterdeath,ourheartsbeatingbeyondus.Wedevelopedafeelingofloveforthisnewpart,ofgratitudeforthedoctors,fortheprocess,andforthosepeoplewhomadeadecisionjustforhumanity.24.Howdidthesistersfeeltothenewsthattheirmotherneededanewheart?A.Frightened. B.Astonished. C.Worried. D.Annoyed.25.Whichisthefactortoaffectthepossibilityoftheirmother’shearttransplant?A.Herabnormalheartbeat.B.Theageofoversixtyyearsold.C.Herwillingnesstothetransplant.D.Theadaptationofthenewheartinthebody.26.Whatmadethetransplantteamdecidetohavetheoperation?A.Thatherlungswerehealthy.B.Thatanewhearthadbeenfound.C.Thatherfamilywereexpectingtheoperation.D.Thatherfamilytrustedthedoctors'medicallevel.27.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Familysupportisofgreatimportance.B.Fortunefavorsthosewhoareoptimistic.C.Confidencehelpspatientsovercomedifficulties.D.Gettingpreparedbeforeacceptingatreatmentmatters.【正确答案】24.B25.D26.C27.A【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了，作者母亲常年心脏不好，现在需要进行心脏移植，家人虽担心母亲是否能心脏移植成功，但大家相信她最终会成功，最终心脏移植手术很成功，作者感谢献出心脏的家庭。【24题详解】细节理解题。由第一段中“But,althoughmytwosistersandIknewthatourmotherhadheartproblems,thisnewsstillmadeusfrozenforawhilewithoureyeswideningindisbelief.(但是，尽管我和我的两个姐妹都知道我们的母亲有心脏问题，但这个消息还是让我们停住不动了一段时间，难以置信地睁大了眼睛)”可知，听到母亲需要一颗新的心脏的消息，作者和姐妹感到惊讶。故选B项。【25题详解】细节理解题。由第三段中“Youcouldhavealongerlifewithatransplant,buttherearerisks.You’reatthetopendoftheagegroupofsixtyyearsold.Thelungsandotherorgansmustbehealthyandstrong.Whilethetransplantsurgeryisactuallyastraightforwardprocedure,acceptancebythebodyisthedifficultthing.(你可以通过移植活得更长，但也有风险。你处于60岁年龄组的顶端。肺部和其他器官必须健康强壮。虽然移植手术实际上是一个简单的过程，但被身体接受是一件困难的事情)”可知，心脏移植有风险，因为移植后新的心脏被身体接受是一件困难的事情，说明新的心脏在身体中的适应是影响母亲心脏移植可能性的因素。故选D项。【26题详解】细节理解题。由第五段“WordcamelaterinDecemberthatshehadbeenacceptedintotheprogramme.Dr.JeremyRuskintoldusoneofthereasonsshehadbeenacceptedwasthatshehadsuchstrongfamilysupport.(12月晚些时候，有消息称她已被心脏移植项目录取。JeremyRuskin博士告诉我们，她被录取的原因之一是她有如此强大的家庭支持)”可知，全家人支持母亲进行心脏移植（即家人正期待着心脏移植手术）是让移植团队决定给母亲进行手术的原因。故选C项。【27题详解】推理判断题。由第三段中“Youcouldhavealongerlifewithatransplant,buttherearerisks.(你可以通过移植活得更长，但也有风险)”，第四段“Myfamilycametogether,tryingtoprovidestrengthandworkoutwhattodo.We’dalreadygonefromshock,overourmother’scondition,toworrythatshewouldn’tbeasuitablerecipient.Despiteoftherisk,wechosetobelievethatshewouldmakeiteventually.(我的家人聚在一起，努力提供力量，想办法做什么。我们已经对母亲的病情感到震惊，担心她不会是一个合适的接受者。尽管有风险，我们还是选择相信她最终会成功)”，第五段“WordcamelaterinDecemberthatshehadbeenacceptedintotheprogramme.Dr.JeremyRuskintoldusoneofthereasonsshehadbeenacceptedwasthatshehadsuchstrongfamilysupport.(12月晚些时候，有消息称她已被心脏移植项目录取。JeremyRuskin博士告诉我们，她被录取的原因之一是她有如此强大的家庭支持)”和倒数第二段“Thehearttransplantoperationwassuccessfulandtheconditionscouldnothavebeenbetter.(心脏移植手术很成功，而且情况再好不过了)”可知，尽管母亲进行心脏移植有风险，但全家人支持母亲进行心脏移植，也正是因为家人的支持母亲才被心脏移植项目录取，最终手术成功，可得出家庭支持非常重要。故选A项。CCreativityiscommonlythoughtofasapersonalitytraitthatresideswithintheindividual.Wecountoncreativepeopletoproducethesongs,movies,andbookswelove,toinventthenewgadgetsthatcanchangeourlives,andtodiscoverthenewscientifictheoriesandphilosophiesthatcanchangethewayweviewtheworld.Overthepastseveralyears,however,socialpsychologistshavediscoveredthatcreativityisnotonlyacharacteristicoftheindividual,butmayalsochangedependingonthesituationandcontext.Thequestion,ofcourse,iswhatthosesituationsare:whatmakesusmorecreativeattimesandlesscreativeatothers?Oneanswerispsychologicaldistance.AccordingtotheConstrualLevelTheory(CLT)ofpsychologicaldistance,anythingthatwedonotexperienceasoccurringnow,here,andtoourselvesfallsintothe“psychologicallydistant”category.It'salsopossibletoinduceastateof“psychologicaldistance”simplybychangingthewaywethinkaboutaparticularproblem,suchasattemptingtotakeanotherperson’sperspective,orbythinkingofthequestionasifitwereunrealandunlikely.Inthisnewpaper,byLileJiaandcolleaguesatIndianaUniversity,scientistshavedemonstratedthatincreasingpsychologicaldistancesothataproblemfeelsfartherawaycanactuallyincreasecreativity.Whydoespsychologicaldistanceincreasecreativity?AccordingtoCLT,psychologicaldistanceaffectsthewaywementallyrepresentthings,sothatdistantthingsarerepresentedinarelativelyabstractwaywhilepsychologicallynearthingsseemmoreconcrete.Consider,forinstance,acornplant.Aconcreterepresentationwouldrefertotheshape,color,taste,andsmelloftheplant,andconnecttheitemtoitsmostcommonuse—afoodproduct.Anabstractrepresentation,ontheotherhand,mightrefertothecornplantasasourceofenergyorasafast-growingplant.Thesemoreabstractthoughtsmightleadustocontemplateother,lesscommonusesforcorn,suchasasourceforethanol,ortousetheplanttocreatemazesforchildren.Whatthisexampledemonstratesishowabstractthinkingmakesiteasierforpeopletoformsurprisingconnectionsbetweenseeminglyunrelatedconcepts,suchasfast-growingplants(corn)andfuelforcars(ethanol).Inthismostrecentstudy,Jiaexaminedtheeffectoftialdistanceoncreativity.Participantsperformedacreativegenerationtask,inwhichtheywereaskedtolistasmanydifferentmodesoftransportationaspossible.ThistaskwasintroducedashavingbeendevelopedeitherbyIndianaUniversitystudentsstudyinginGreece(distantcondition)orbyIndianaUniversitystudentsstudyinginIndiana(nearcondition).Aspredicated,participantsinthedistantconditiongeneratedmorenumerousandoriginalmodesoftransportationthanparticipantsinthenearcondition.28.Whatcanwelearnaboutpsychologicaldistance?A.Itbringsmoreabstractconceptsintoourmind.B.Itbuildsuncommonconnectionsinourmind.C.Itenablesustoknowmoreusesofcommonthings.D.Itmakesproblemseasiertobesolved.29.WhichofthefollowingistrueoftialdistanceaccordingtoJia’sstudy?A.Distantconditionisrelatedtopeople’screativeability.B.ItmakesstudentsinIndianalistmoremodesoftransportation.C.Itenablespeopletogeneratemoreabstractideas.D.Ithelpsonetotakeanotherperson’sperspective.30.Whichwouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.FormationofAbstractThoughts B.FormationofConnectionsamongConceptsC.WaystoCreatePsychologicalDistance D.AnEasyApproachtoPromoteCreativity【正确答案】28.A29.A30.D【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要讲述了心理距离和空间距离对创造力的影响。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“AccordingtoCLT,psychologicaldistanceaffectsthewaywementallyrepresentthings,sothatdistantthingsarerepresentedinarelativelyabstractwaywhilepsychologicallynearthingsseemmoreconcrete.”（根据CLT，心理距离影响我们在心理上表征事物的方式，所以距离远的事物以相对抽象的方式表征，而心理上近的事物似乎更具体。）可推知，心理距离会带来更多抽象的概念。故选A。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Aspredicated,participantsinthedistantconditiongeneratedmorenumerousandoriginalmodesoftransportationthanparticipantsinthenearcondition.”（如预测的那样，处于远距离条件的参与者比处于近距离条件的参与者产生了更多的、原创的交通方式。）可推知，空间距离与人们的创造力有关。故选A。【30题详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段“Whydoespsychologicaldistanceincreasecreativity?”（为什么心理距离能增加创造力？）以及第四段“Inthismostrecentstudy,Jiaexaminedtheeffectoftialdistanceoncreativity.”（在最近的研究中，贾研究了空间距离对创造力的影响。）可知，本文主要讲述了心理距离和空间距离对创造力的影响。因此最佳标题应该是“AnEasyApproachtoPromoteCreativity”（一种简单的提升创造力的方法）。故选D。DWehumanistshavebeendefendinghumanities(人文学科)formanydecadesnow,butthecrisisofthehumanitiesonlygrows.Inthefaceofdecliningstudentinterestandmountingpoliticalscrutiny(审查),universitiesandcollegesareincreasinglycuttingfundingforhumanitiesdepartments.Asahumanist,someonewhoreads,teachesandresearchesmainlyphilosophyandliterature,IampreparedtoadmitthatIdonotknowwhatthevalueofthehumanitiesis.Idon’tknowwhetherthestudyofhumanitiespromotesdemocracy(民主)orimprovesyourmoralcharacterorenrichesyourleisuretimeorimprovesyourcriticalthinkingskillsorincreasesyourempathy.IonceaskedthebestteacherIeverhadwhyshenolongertaughtherfavoritenovel,andshesaidthatshestoppedteachingabookwhenshefoundshewasnolongercuriousaboutit.Thehumanisticspiritis,fundamentally,aninquisitive(好奇的)one.Incontrast,defensesofthehumanitiesarenotandcannotbeconductedinaninquisitivespirit,becauseadefensivespiritisinimicaltoaninquisitiveone.Defensivenessis,itmustbeadmitted,anunderstandableresponsewhenthechoppingblock(砧板)isbroughtoutandyouneedtoexplainwhyyoushouldn’tbeonit.Itmaybethathumanistsneedtospendtimejoiningpoliticalbattles,whichrequirestheirparticipantstopretendtoknowthingsthattheydonotactuallyknow.Nonetheless,anatmosphereofurgencyandcallsforimmediateactionareunfavorabletofieldsofstudylikeliteratureandphilosophythatrequireareflectivemood,andpretendingtoknowwhatonedoesn’tactuallyknowisunfavorabletoformsofinquirythatdemandanopenmind.Adefensivemindsetalsoencouragespoliticization.Ifthestudyofliteratureorphilosophyhelpstofightracismortopromotedemocracyandeveryoneagreesthatracismisbad,anddemocracyisgood—thenyouhaveyouranswerastowhyweshouldn’tcutfundingforthestudyofliteratureorphilosophy.Politicizationisawayofarmingthehumanitiesforitspoliticalbattles,butitcomesatanintellectualcost.Whyisracismsobad?Whyisdemocracysogood?Politicizationsilencestheseandotherquestions,whereasthefunctionofthehumanitiesistoraisethem.Humanistsarenotaloneintheirignoranceaboutthepurposeoftheirdisciplines.Butscientistsareunderalotlesspressuretoexplainwhytheyexistbecausethesocietyatlargebelievesitselftoalreadyhavetheanswertothatquestion.Imaynotknowwhyit’simportanttoreadHomerandPlato,butIdohaveadeeploveforreading,teachingandponderingthetexts.TheloveiswhatIwanttosharewithothers,aswellasthesurpriseanddelightoffindingresonance(共鸣).Thetaskofhumanistsistoinvite,towelcome,toexcite,toengage.Andwhenweletourselvesbeourselves,whenweallowthehumanisticspirittoflowoutnotonlyintoourclassroomsbutalsoinourpublic-selfpresentation,wefindwedon’tneedtodefendorproveanything:Weareirresistible.31.Whattroublesthehumanistsmostregardingthecrisisinhumanities?A.Students’lackofinterestinstudyinghumanitiescourses.B.People’slittleknowledgeregardingthepurposeofhumanities.C.Themountingpoliticalscrutinyfacedbyhumanitiesdepartments.D.Thepressureonhumaniststoargueforthevalueoftheirdisciplines.32.Whatdoestheword“inimical”underlinedinParagraph3mostprobablymean?A.Sensitive. B.Contrary. C.Immune. D.Relevant.33.Whatcanbeinferredaboutadefensivemindset?A.Itweakenshuman’sintellectualcapacity.B.Itistheworstactiontotakeinthefaceofthecrisis.C.Itrequiresareflectivemoodonthestudyofhumanities.D.Itbringsaboutalowerchanceofsurvivalforhumanities.34.Whichofthefollowingmighttheauthormostprobablyagree?A.Humanitiesmaynotneedanydefense.B.Scienceismoreusefulthanhumanities.C.Thefutureofhumanitiesremainscloudy.D.Thebattleofhumanitiesisahardonetofight.【正确答案】31.D32.B33.A34.A【导语】文章围绕人文学科危机展开论述。作者指出人文学科长期面临经费削减的困境，人文主义者被迫为学科价值辩护，而防御性心态违背人文好奇探究的本质、导致学科政治化、损耗思想深度；最终提出人文主义者应回归本真精神，无需刻意辩护与证明。【31题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Asahumanist,someonewhoreads,teachesandresearchesmainlyphilosophyandliterature,IampreparedtoadmitthatIdonotknowwhatthevalueofthehumanitiesis.(作为一名人文主义者，我主要从事哲学和文学方面的阅读、教学和研究工作。因此，我准备承认，我并不清楚人文科学的价值究竟为何)”及第三段“Defensivenessis,itmustbeadmitted,anunderstandableresponsewhenthechoppingblock(砧板)isbroughtoutandyouneedtoexplainwhyyoushouldn’tbeonit.(必须承认，当砧板被搬出来，而你需要解释为什么你不该被放在上面时，防御心态是一种可以理解的反应)”可知，令人文学者最为困扰的并非危机的某一表面现象，而是他们不得不为自己学科的价值进行辩护的巨大压力。【32题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“Incontrast,defensesofthehumanitiesarenotandcannotbeconductedinaninquisitivespirit,becauseadefensivespiritisinimicaltoaninquisitiveone.(相比之下，对人文科学的辩护绝不能以探究的态度来进行，因为一种防御性的态度与探究性的态度是inimical的)”可知，防御精神与探究精神无法共存，二者相互对立、彼此抵触。因此，inimical与contrary词义最为接近，意为“相反的、敌对的”。【33题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段“Adefensivemindsetalsoencouragespoliticization.(防御心态也会鼓励政治化)”及“Politicizationisawayofarmingthehumanitiesforitspoliticalbattles,butitcomesatanintellectualcost.(政治化是一种武装人文学科进行政治斗争的方式，但它要付出智力代价)”和“Politicizationsilencestheseandotherquestions,whereasthefunctionofthehumanitiesistoraisethem.(政治化使得这些以及其他问题被掩盖了起来，而人文科学的作用恰恰是去揭示这些问题)”可推知，防御心态导致政治化，使人文学科压制本应提出的疑问，从而削弱其智力探究能力。【34题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Andwhenweletourselvesbeourselves,whenweallowthehumanisticspirittoflowoutnotonlyintoourclassroomsbutalsoinourpublic-selfpresentation,wefindwedon’tneedtodefendorproveanything:Weareirresistible.(而当我们能够做真实的自己，当我们让人文精神不仅融入我们的课堂，还体现在我们的公众形象展示中时，我们会发现我们无需去辩解或证明任何事情：我们是不可抗拒的)”可推知，作者认为当人文学者真正回归人文精神时，人文学科本身便具有不可抗拒的魅力，或许根本不需要任何辩护。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。ThePositiveEffectsofaPositiveAffectParentsoftenhavehighhopesforhowtheirchildrenwillturnoutinadulthood,suchaswantingthemtobehealthy,tofeelsatisfiedwiththeircareer,andtohavestrongfriendships.____35____Recentresearchsuggeststhatateen’saffect—especiallypositiveaffect—isonecriticalfactor.Whatexactlyisaffect?Affectisthetendencytoexpresspositiveornegativeemotions,whichinturninfluenceshowweexperiencethingsanddeterminewhethertojudgeagivensituationaspositiveornegative.____36____More