河南省开封市开封五校2025~2026学年下册期中考试高一英语试卷【附解析】

/开封五校2025-2026学年下学期期中考试高一英语考生注意：1．本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分。满分150分，考试时间120分钟。2．答题前，考生务必用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔将密封线内项目填写清楚。3．考生作答时，请将答案答在答题卡上。选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；非选择题请用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上各题的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在试题卷、草稿纸上作答无效。4．本卷命题范围：人教版必修第三册。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段录音。每段录音后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段录音后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段录音播放两遍。1.Whowillcomeovertoday?A.Theman’sparents.B.Thewoman’sfriends.C.Treeserviceworkers.2.Whattimeisitnow?A.8:45.B.9:00.C.9:15.3.Whatdoesthemanwanttodo?A.Buynewshirts.B.Changehishairstyle.C.Wearcolorfulclothes.4.WhatwasthewomandoingwhenshemetChrisPowell?A.Buildingapool.B.Cuttingthegrass.C.Climbingamountain.5.Howdoesthemanfeelabouthisperformanceintherace?A.Confused.B.Annoyed.C.Satisfied.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段录音。每段录音后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段录音前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，每小题都有5秒钟的作答时间。每段录音播放两遍。听第6段录音，回答第6、7题。6.Whatisscheduledfornextmonth?A.Ahousemove.B.Adrivingtest.C.Aguidedtour.7.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Motherandson.B.Brotherandsister.C.Bossandsecretary.听第7段录音，回答第8至10题。8.WhoisTom?A.Afamousscientist.B.Auniversityteacher.C.Ahighschoolstudent.9.Whenisthechemistryclass?A.OnWednesday.B.OnThursday.C.OnFriday.10.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Whythingskeepchanging.B.WhatTomlearnedinclass.C.Howthescientistresponded.听第8段录音，回答第11至13题。11.Whatdidthewomandobeforetheconversation?A.Sheworkedallday.B.Shesleptforawhile.C.Shedrankcoldcoffee.12.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthemeeting?A.Boring.B.Interesting.C.Disappointing.13.Whatarethespeakerslikelytodo?A.Seeamovie.B.Watchagame.C.Makeaphonecall.听第9段录音，回答第14至17题。14.Whatdoesthemanthinkhestillhasaproblemwith?A.Hissmell.B.Hishead.C.Histaste.15.Whatdoesthewomanadvisethemantodo?A.Havestrongdrinks.B.Tryanewtreatment.C.Fixhisproblemalone.16.Whatwillthemanhavetoworkoutintheexperiment?A.Hisnose.B.Hismouth.C.Hismuscle.17.Wheredoesthisconversationtakeplace?A.Inafitnesscenter.B.Inaschoollab.C.Inahospital.听第10段录音，回答第18至20题。18.WhatdoesDr.Osbornprobablystudy?A.Animalsonland.B.Thequalityofcameras.C.Wildlifeinthedeepsea.19.Whatleadstothediscovery?A.Abadphoto.B.Aspeciallight.C.Anewmaterial.20.Howdoestheblackskinbenefitsomeoceancreatures?A.Theycouldjumpintheair.B.Theycouldsurviveattacks.C.Theycouldfindfoodeasily.第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AThe34thRaindanceFilmFestivalCallsforEntry2026!The34thRaindanceFilmFestivalisacceptingfilmsuntilMarch2,2026andwilltakeplacefromJune17toJune26,2026.ResultswillbeannouncedonMay16,2026.AbouttheFestivalSince1992,theRaindanceFilmFestivalhassupportedthenewgenerationofcreativefilmmakersintheUKandworldwide.IttakesplaceinCentralLondon,allowinginternationalfilmmakerstoenjoyatrulyLondonexperience.ThefestivalisthelargestindependentfilmfestivalintheUK.ItisofficiallyrecognizedbytheAcademyofMotionPictureArtsandSciencesUSA,theBritishAcademyofFilmandTelevisionArts(BAFTA),andtheBritishIndependentFilmAwards.WinnersofBestAnimationShort/BestDocumentaryShort/ShortoftheFestivalwillqualifyforOscar,andsomeofthemmayalsobeconsideredfortheBAFTAAwards.Requirements—Thefestivalacceptsshortfilms(under45minutes)andfeaturefilms(over45minutes).Alltypesoffilmsareaccepted(fiction,documentary,animation,experimental,etc.).—FilmsmusthavebeencompletedafterJanuary1st,2025.—Forthecompetitivesections,thefestivalprefersfirst-andsecond-timefilmmakers.—AllforeignlanguagefilmsmustincludeEnglishsubtitlefiles(字幕文件).—Submissions(提交)mustbedoneviaFilmFreeway.SubmissionFeesandDeadlinesEarlyBirdDeadlineDecember8,2025RegularDeadlineJanuary19,2026LateDeadlineMarch2,2026FeatureFilms$81$104$128ShortFilms$48$61$84WerecommendfilmmakerstoreadthefullRulesandRegulationshere:https://filmfreeway.com/Raindance.Notice:Thisisalsothesubmissionlink(链接).1.Whenwillthefestivalendin2026?A.OnMarch2. B.OnMay16. C.OnJune17. D.OnJune26.2.Whatisarequirementforaforeignlanguagefilmforthefestival?A.ItisqualifiedforOscar. B.IthasEnglishsubtitlefiles.C.Itmustlastfor45minutes. D.ItshouldbesetinLondon.3.Whatarefilmmakersexpectedtodo?A.Createtheirownwebsites. B.Applyforfreesubmissions.C.Submittheirworksonline. D.Calltheorganizerinadvance.【正确答案】1.D2.B3.C【导语】主要介绍第34届雨舞电影节于2026年举办，正在征集影片，征片截止到2026年3月2日，电影节时间为2026年6月17日至26日。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The34thRaindanceFilmFestivalisacceptingfilmsuntilMarch2,2026andwilltakeplacefromJune17toJune26,2026.(第34届雨舞电影节接受影片投稿至2026年3月2日，且将于2026年6月17日至6月26日举行)”可知，2026年电影节结束于6月26日。【2题详解】细节理解题。依据“Requirements”部分中的“AllforeignlanguagefilmsmustincludeEnglishsubtitlefiles(字幕文件).(所有外语片必须包含英文字幕文件)”可知，外语片参加该电影节要求有英文字幕文件。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据“Requirements”部分中的“Submissions(提交)mustbedoneviaFilmFreeway.(提交作品必须通过FilmFreeway进行)”以及最后一段“WerecommendfilmmakerstoreadthefullRulesandRegulationshere:/Raindance.Notice:Thisisalsothesubmissionlink(链接).(我们建议电影制作人在此处阅读完整的规则和条例：/Raindance。注意：这也是提交链接)”可知，电影制作人需在线提交作品。BManyparentsdonotunderstandwhytheirteensoccasionallybehaveinadangerousway.Attimes,itseemsliketeensdon’tthinkthingsthroughorfullyconsidertheresultsoftheiractions.Teensdifferfromadultsinthewaytheybehave,solveproblems,andmakedecisions.Thereisabiologicalexplanationforthisdifference.Studiesshowthatbrainscontinuetodevelopthroughoutchildhoodandteenageyearsandwellintoearlyadulthood.Scientistshaveconfirmed(确认)aspecificareaofthebraincalledtheamygdalathatisresponsibleforimmediatereactions,includingfearandaggressivebehavior.Thisareadevelopsearly.However,thefrontalcortex,theareaofthebrainthathelpspeoplethinkcarefully,controlbehavior,andmakewisedecisions,developslater.Unliketheamygdala,thefrontalcortexisnotfullymature(成熟)untiladulthood.Otherchangesinthebrainduringteenageyearsincludearapidincreaseintheconnectionsbetweenthebraincells,makingthebrainpathwaysmoreeffective.Nervecellsdevelopmyelin,whichhelpscellscommunicate.Allthesechangesareimportantforthedevelopmentofcoordinated(协调的)thought,action,andbehavior.Picturesofthebraininactionshowthatteens’brainsworkdifferentlyfromadults’whentheymakedecisionsorsolveproblems.Theiractionsareguidedmorebytheemotionalandreactiveamygdalaandlessbythethoughtful,logicalfrontalcortex.Studiesalsoindicatethatdrinkingalcoholduringtheteenageyearscanchangeordelaythesedevelopments.Thesebraindifferencesdon’tmeanthatyoungpeoplecan’tmakegooddecisionsortellthedifferencebetweenrightandwrong.Italsodoesn’tmeanthattheyshouldn’tbeheldresponsiblefortheiractions.However,anawarenessofthesedifferencescanhelpparents,teachers,andothersunderstandandmanagethebehaviorofteensduringthisimportantstageofgrowth.4.Whydoteensoftenactdifferentlyfromadultsaccordingtothetext?A.Theirbrainsarestilldeveloping.B.Theiramygdalaiseasiertocontrol.C.Theybadlyneedlifeexperience.D.Theyaremoreinfluencedbyothers.5.Whatdoweknowaboutthefrontalcortex?A.Itleadstoquickemotionalreactions.B.Itmatureslateandcontrolsreasoning.C.Itiscompletelyformedinchildhood.D.Itworksmainlywithbodymovements.6.Studiesshowthatteens’decision-makingismoreimpactedby________.A.theiractions B.learnedknowledgeC.theirfeelings D.long-termplanning7.Whatdoestheauthorexpectparentsandteacherstodo?A.Forceteenstobehavewell. B.Treatteens’mistakeslightly.C.Documentimportantevents. D.Understandandguideteens.【正确答案】4.A5.B6.C7.D【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍青少年与成年人行为不同的生理原因，即大脑发育差异，并给出相应的理解和引导建议。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Teensdifferfromadultsinthewaytheybehave,solveproblems,andmakedecisions.Thereisabiologicalexplanationforthisdifference.Studiesshowthatbrainscontinuetodevelopthroughoutchildhoodandteenageyearsandwellintoearlyadulthood.(青少年在行为、解决问题和做决定的方式上与成年人不同。这种差异有生物学上的解释。研究表明，大脑在整个童年、青少年时期乃至成年早期都在持续发育)”可知，青少年行为与成年人不同的原因是他们的大脑仍在发育中。故选A项。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“However,thefrontalcortex,theareaofthebrainthathelpspeoplethinkcarefully,controlbehavior,andmakewisedecisions,developslater.Unliketheamygdala,thefrontalcortexisnotfullymatureuntiladulthood.(然而，大脑中帮助人们仔细思考、控制行为和做出明智决定的前额叶皮层发育得较晚。与杏仁核不同，前额叶皮层要到成年后才能完全成熟)”可知，前额叶皮层发育较晚，且负责控制推理、做出明智决定。故选B项。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Theiractionsareguidedmorebytheemotionalandreactiveamygdalaandlessbythethoughtful,logicalfrontalcortex.(他们的行为更多地由情绪化、反应性的杏仁核引导，而较少由深思熟虑、逻辑性的前额叶皮层引导)”可知，青少年的决策更多地受到情绪的影响。故选C项。【7题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“However,anawarenessofthesedifferencescanhelpparents,teachers,andothersunderstandandmanagethebehaviorofteensduringthisimportantstageofgrowth.(然而，了解这些差异有助于父母、教师和其他人在青少年这一重要成长阶段理解和管理他们的行为)”可知，作者希望父母和教师理解并引导青少年。故选D项。CFast-movingbirdslikegoshawkscanflyquicklythroughthickforestswithouthittingtrees.Theyseemtoavoiddangernaturallywhilemovingathighspeed.However,researchersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)havediscoveredthatthereisaspeedlimit.Ifbirdsordrones(无人机)gofasterthanthislimit,acrashisunavoidable.Thefindingmayhelpscientistsdesignbetterunmannedaerialvehicles(UAVs)bylearningfromhowbirdsfly.MostUAVsarecurrentlydesignedtoflyatrelativelyslowspeed,allowingthemtostopbeforereachingtheedgeoftheirfieldofview.Youmightthinkthataddingmoresensorswouldallowdronestoflyfasterandsafer,butMITaeroceengineerEmilioFrazzolisaysotherwise.Frazzoliandhisteamcreatedamathematicalmodelthatshowsabirdordroneflyingthroughcrowdedces,suchasforestsorcities,willalwayscrashonceitreachesacertainspeed,nomatterhowmuchitknowsaboutitssurroundings.Theteambelievesthatbirdsavoidthisproblembyjudgingthedensity(密度)oftheirenvironmentandchangingtheirspeedaccordingly,knowingthattheycanalwaysfindagaptoflythrough.Thisallowsabirdtoflymuchfasterthanifitjustdependsonthelimitsofitsvision.Frazzolisaysthatskiersuseasimilarmethod.“Whenyougoskiingoffthepath,youdon’tskiinawaythatyoucanalwaysstopbeforethefirsttreeyousee,”hesays.“Youskiandyouseeanopening,andthenyoutrustthatonceyougothere,you’llbeabletoseeanotheropeningandkeepgoing.”FrazzoliisnowworkingwithbiologistsatHarvardUniversitytoconfirmwhetherhismodelmatchesthebehaviourofrealbirds.Histeamisalsodesigningaflyingvideogametotesthowwellhumanscanmovethroughavirtualforestathighspeed,toseehowcloseplayerscangettothetheoreticallimitpredicted(预测)bythemodel.8.WhyaremostUAVsdesignedtoflyatlowspeedatpresent?A.Tostopsafelywithintheirview. B.Toavoidlosingsignalsinforests.C.Toreducedamagefromcrashes. D.Tosavepowerduringlongflights.9.Howarebirdsabletoflyfasterindenseforests?A.Theycanseeblocksearlierthanmostmachines.B.Theydependonsharpereyesightthanmachines.C.Theyadjustspeedbasedonthecearoundthem.D.Theyfollowthefixedpathsbetweentoweringtrees.10.WhydoesFrazzolimentionskiinginparagraph5?A.Tocompareskiingskillswithbirdflight. B.Todescribedangerswhileskiingoffpaths.C.Topresentapopularsportseventinwinter. D.Togiveanexampleofsafefastmovement.11.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.BirdsTeachUsHowtoGetaSenseofDirection B.SpeedLimitforBirdsCouldMeanBetterUAVsC.AdvancedUAVsWillComeontheMarketSoon D.FlyingVideoGamesHelpTestHumanReactions【正确答案】8.A9.C10.D11.B【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍麻省理工学院研究发现鸟类安全飞行存在一个速度极限，这一发现可以帮助科学家改进无人机设计。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“MostUAVsarecurrentlydesignedtoflyatrelativelyslowspeed,allowingthemtostopbeforereachingtheedgeoftheirfieldofview.(目前大多数无人机的设计飞行速度相对较慢，这样它们能够在到达视野边缘之前停下来)”可知，目前无人机设计成低速是为了能在自身视野范围内安全停下，故选A。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中“Theteambelievesthatbirdsavoidthisproblembyjudgingthedensity(密度)oftheirenvironmentandchangingtheirspeedaccordingly,knowingthattheycanalwaysfindagaptoflythrough.Thisallowsabirdtoflymuchfasterthanifitjustdependsonthelimitsofitsvision.(该团队认为，鸟类通过判断其环境的密度并相应地改变飞行速度来避免这个问题，它们知道总能找到一个缝隙飞过去。这使得鸟类能够飞行得比仅仅依靠其视觉极限时更快)”可知，鸟类通过判断环境密度、根据周围空间调整速度来实现在密林中快速飞行，故选C。【10题详解】推理判断题。第四段介绍了鸟类快速安全飞行的方法，最后一句“Frazzolisaysthatskiersuseasimilarmethod.(Frazzoli表示，滑雪者也使用了类似的方法)”提到滑雪者也采用类似的方法，第五段““Whenyougoskiingoffthepath,youdon’tskiinawaythatyoucanalwaysstopbeforethefirsttreeyousee,”hesays.“Youskiandyouseeanopening,andthenyoutrustthatonceyougothere,you’llbeabletoseeanotheropeningandkeepgoing.”(“当你从固定路线偏离出去滑雪时，你不会以一种总能在看到第一棵树之前停下来的方式滑雪，”他说，“你滑雪，看到一个空隙，然后就相信一旦你进入那个空隙，就能看到另一个空隙，并继续前行。”)”可知，提到滑雪是对上文“安全快速移动”方法的举例说明，故选D。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第一段中“Ifbirdsordrones(无人机)gofasterthanthislimit,acrashisunavoidable.Thefindingmayhelpscientistsdesignbetterunmannedaerialvehicles(UAVs)bylearningfromhowbirdsfly.(如果鸟类或无人机的速度超过这个限制，就会不可避免地发生碰撞。这一发现可能有助于科学家从鸟类的飞行方式中汲取经验，设计出更出色的无人驾驶飞行器)”可知，全文围绕“麻省理工学院研究发现鸟类安全飞行存在一个速度极限，这一发现可以帮助科学家改进无人机设计”展开，B选项“鸟类的飞行速度极限或可助力研发更好的无人机”准确概括主旨，故选B。DMarsoncehadathick,warmairrichincarbondioxide(CO2),butthatcarbonhasbeentrappedinitsrocksforthousandsofyears.That’sthestoryshownbyahiddensecretofcarbon-bearingmineralsunearthedbyNASA’sCuriosityrover(探测器)alongitsrouteupaMartianmountain.ThisfindinggivesusthefirstclearproofofacarboncycleonMars,andshowswhytheplanet’slife-friendlyclimatedisappeared.Longago,Marshadabundantwaterandawarmclimate,supportedbyathickCO2atmosphere.Buttoday,theplanetisacold,drydesertwithalmostnoatmosphere.ScientistslongwonderedwhereallthatCO2went.GeochemistBenjaminTutoloandhisteamthoughtitmustbelockedincarbonate(碳酸盐)minerals,butprevioussearcheshadn’tfoundenoughtoexplaintheloss.In2022and2023,Curiositydroveacrossaregionwheretherockschangefromsoft,wetclay—markingthegreatdryingofMars.Theroverdrilledfoursamples(样品)fromdifferentrocksanduseditsonboardlabtostudythem.Theresearchteamidentifiedsiderite,acarbonatemineralthatformswhenwater,rockandheatinteractandthendryout.Eachsampleheldbetween5and10percentsideritebyweight-muchmorethanexpected.“Wefoundithere,forthefirsttime,”Tutolosaid,“That’sthemainpointthatmakesthiscoolhere.Thisdiscoverybringsusmuchclosertosolvingthecarbonmystery.”ThisworkprovidesagreatexplanationforhowMarscouldoncesupportriversandlakes,yetlaterlostitswarmair.Lookingahead,scientistshopetomatchorbitaldatawithgroundfindingsand,finally,returnsamplestoEarthforfurtherresearch.Inthemeantime,Curiosity’sdiscoveryshinesabrightnewlightonMars’changefromahabitableworldtothedrydesertweseetoday.12.WhereisthecarbonthatoncekeptMarswarmaccordingtothetext?A.IthasbeenlockedinMars’rocks.B.Ithasescapedintotheatmosphere.C.Itistrappedinthelakesandrivers.D.Itisdrawnbyaseaofburningsands.13.Whichbestexplainstheunderlinedword“abundant”inparagraph2?A.Salty. B.Dirty.C.Plentiful. D.Drinkable.14.HowdidTutolofeelaboutthediscovery?A.Worried. B.Excited.C.Doubtful. D.Regretful.15.Whatcanbelearnedaboutthediscovery?A.Itmismatchesthesegroundfindings.B.Itaccountsforclimatechangeonourplanet.C.Itbringsusclosertosolvingenergyproblems.D.ItmightexplainwhyMarslostitshabitableclimate.【正确答案】12.A13.C14.B15.D【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了火星曾经拥有富含二氧化碳的温暖大气层，但碳元素被锁在岩石中导致气候变冷，以及好奇号探测器发现含碳矿物siderite，揭示了火星碳循环和气候变化的原因。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Marsoncehadathick,warmairrichincarbondioxide(CO2),butthatcarbonhasbeentrappedinitsrocksforthousandsofyears.(火星曾经有富含二氧化碳（CO2）的厚而温暖的空气，但这些碳已经被困在岩石中数千年了。)”可知，曾经使火星保持温暖的碳被锁定在火星的岩石中。故选A项。【13题详解】词句猜测题。根据下文的转折“Buttoday,theplanetisacold,drydesertwithalmostnoatmosphere.(但今天，这颗行星是一个寒冷干燥的沙漠，几乎没有大气层。)”可知，原来火星上的气候肯定是温暖的且有大量的水，所以划线单词abundant的意义为“大量的；充足的”，与plentiful意义一致。故选C项。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第三段“That’sthemainpointthatmakesthiscoolhere.Thisdiscoverybringsusmuchclosertosolvingthecarbonmystery.(这正是让这个发现很酷的地方。这个发现让我们更接近解决碳谜团。)”可推知，Tutolo的语气积极且充满热情，表明他感到兴奋。故选B项。【15题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“ThisworkprovidesagreatexplanationforhowMarscouldoncesupportriversandlakes,yetlaterlostitswarmair.(这项研究很好地解释了为什么火星曾经有过河流和湖泊，但后来失去了温暖的空气。)”可知，这一发现有助于解释火星为何失去了其宜居的气候。故选D项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Typhoonsarepowerfulstormsthatcancauseseriousdamage,especiallytohomesandcommunities.____16____.Ifyouliveinaplacethatisoftenaffectedbytyphoons,followthesesafetytipstoprotectyourselfandyourlovedones.·Talktoyourfamilyabouttyphoons.____17____.Makesureeveryoneunderstandswhattodoifatyphoonhits.Agreeonasafeplacetomeetincaseofanemergencyandmakesureeveryoneknowshowtoreachit.·____18____.Chooseasaferoominyourhousewhereeveryonecangoduringastorm.Packanemergencykitwiththingsyouwillneedlikecannedfood,bottledwater,first-aidsupplies,flashlights,batteries,andimportantpapers.Ifyourhouseisnotstrongenoughtosurviveatyphoon,followevacuation(撤离)ordersfromlocalauthorities.·Knowtherisksinyourarea.Eachareahasdifferentriskswhenitcomestotyphoons.Knowwhatkindofweathereventsarecommoninyourareas,suchasstrongwindsorfloods.____19____.Youshouldalsolearnaboutlocalalert(警报)systems,soyoucanreceivetimelywarnings.·Protectimportantdocuments.Keepimportantpapers,likeyourIDandmedicalrecords,safebystoringtheminwaterproofbagsorplacingthemabovefloodlevels.____20____.A.PracticeyoursafetyplanB.KeeptrackofweatherreportsC.RemembertoinformothersofwhatisgoingonD.TheykeepyousafeandsoundinthefaceofatyphoonE.ThiswillprotectthemfromgettingdamagedduringthestormF.Explainwhattheyare,howtheyform,andthedangerstheybringG.Forfamilies,especiallychildren,theexperiencecanbefrightening【正确答案】16.G17.F18.A19.B20.E【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了台风的危害，并给出了几条应对台风的安全建议。【16题详解】上文“Typhoonsarepowerfulstormsthatcancauseseriousdamage,especiallytohomesandcommunities.(台风是威力巨大的风暴，会造成严重破坏，尤其对房屋和社区影响很大。)”讲台风会造成严重破坏；而下文“Ifyouliveinaplacethatisoftenaffectedbytyphoons,followthesesafetytipstoprotectyourselfandyourlovedones.(如果你居住在经常受台风影响的地区，请遵循以下安全提示，保护好自己和家人。)”给出安全建议。选项G“Forfamilies,especiallychildren,theexperiencecanbefrightening(对家庭，尤其是孩子来说，这种经历可能是令人恐惧的。)”说明台风对家庭尤其是孩子而言很可怕，起到承上启下的作用。【17题详解】根据段首句“Talktoyourfamilyabouttyphoons.(和家人聊聊台风相关知识。)”可知，本段建议和家人谈论台风；选项F“Explainwhattheyare,howtheyform,andthedangerstheybring(向他们解释什么是台风、台风如何形成，以及它们带来的危险。)”具体说明要解释台风是什么、如何形成及带来的危险，与本段主题一致。故选F。【18题详解】空处为段首句，为本段主要内容。根据下文“Chooseasaferoominyourhousewhereeveryonecangoduringastorm.Packanemergencykitwiththingsyouwillneedlikecannedfood,bottledwater,first-aidsupplies,flashlights,batteries,andimportantpapers.Ifyourhouseisnotstrongenoughtosurviveatyphoon,followevacuation(撤离)ordersfromlocalauthorities.(在家里选一间安全的房间，供暴风雨来临时全家人躲避。准备一个应急包，装上必需品，比如罐头食品、瓶装水、急救用品、手电筒、电池和重要证件。如果你的房屋不够坚固，无法抵御台风，请听从当地政府的撤离指令。)”可知，下文提到确定安全房间、准备应急包、撤离方案等，都是安全计划的内容。选项A“Practiceyoursafetyplan(演练你们的安全预案。)”概括了本段内容。故选A。【19题详解】上文“Knowwhatkindofweathereventsarecommoninyourareas,suchasstrongwindsorfloods.(了解你所在地区常见的灾害天气，比如强风或洪水。)”建议了解当地风险；而下文“Youshouldalsolearnaboutlocalalert(警报)systems,soyoucanreceivetimelywarnings.(你还应了解当地的警报系统，以便及时收到预警信息。)”则讲了解警报系统。选项B“Keeptrackofweatherreports(密切关注天气预报。)”符合了解天气与预警的语境。故选B。【20题详解】上文“Keepimportantpapers,likeyourIDandmedicalrecords,safebystoringtheminwaterproofbagsorplacingthemabovefloodlevels.(将身份证、病历等重要证件存放在防水袋中，或放置在洪水水位以上的位置妥善保管。)”建议用防水袋存放重要文件。选项E“Thiswillprotectthemfromgettingdamagedduringthestorm(这样可以保护它们在暴风雨中不被损坏。)”延续上文内容，是前文做法的结果，衔接紧密。故选E。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。HollyCookedidn’tlookforwardtoweekends.EveryFriday,shefeltthe___21___ofhavingnoonetospendherfreetimewith.At22,shemovedfromStoke-on-TrenttoLondon,longingfora___22___start,butshedidn’tknowanyone.Shehadhigh___23___ofgoingtorestaurants,barsandtheatersasshehaddonebefore,butshedidn’twanttodothesethingsalone.Astheweekendspassed,shegrewincreasingly___24___forcompany.Sheevensearchedonlinefor___25___onhowtomakefriendsinLondon,butdidn’tfindmuchhelp.However,she___26___afewotherlonelywomenonsocialmedia.So,shedecidedto___27___anonlinegroupcalled“TheLondonLonelyGirlsClub”andinvitedthewomenshehadmetonlineto___28___.Shethenplannedabrunchforthemtomeetinperson.“Iwassonervous,”Cookesaid.“Fearingnoonewould___29___,Ievenaskedafriendfromoutoftowntocome.”____30____,fivewomenattended,andtheyallgotalongwell.Thisprovedthatshewasn’ttheonlyonefeelinglonely.____31____bythesuccess,Cookecontinuedto____32____meetupseveryfewweeks.Slowly,thegroupgrew.Now,fiveyearslater,theclubhasover35,000members.Cookesaidmanywomenhave____33____lastingfriendshipsthroughthegroup.“It’s____34____,”sheadded.“Aslongasthere’sa____35____,wewillbehere.”21.A.loneliness B.excitement C.convenience D.mystery22.A.busy B.quiet C.fresh D.hard23.A.hopes B.senses C.impression D.power24.A.noted B.eager C.safe D.useful25.A.effects B.attacks C.checks D.tips26.A.pickedup B.missedout C.cameacross D.dependedon27.A.found B.decorate C.track D.cover28.A.defend B.participate C.exercise D.survive29.A.wakeup B.calmdown C.turnup D.standdown30.A.Naturally B.Eventually C.Similarly D.Typically31.A.Stressed B.Inspired C.Cheated D.Alarmed32.A.monitor B.prevent C.survey D.organize33.A.formed B.ended C.resisted D.suffered34.A.unequal B.painful C.satisfying D.humorous35.A.master B.style C.blog D.need【正确答案】21.A22.C23.A24.B25.D26.C27.A28.B29.C30.B31.B32.D33.A34.C35.D【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了HollyCooke为了应对周末的孤独感，创建了“伦敦孤独女孩俱乐部”线上团体，并通过组织线下聚会，成功地发展出一个拥有数万名成员、帮助女性建立友谊的社区。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个星期五，她都感到孤独，因为没有人陪她度过空闲时间。A.loneliness孤独；B.excitement兴奋；C.convenience便利；D.mystery神秘。根据下文“havingnoonetospendherfreetimewith”可知，没有人陪Cooke度过空闲时间，说明她感到孤独。故选A。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：22岁时，她从特伦特河畔斯托克搬到了伦敦，渴望开始全新的生活，但她却无人相识。A.busy忙碌的；B.quiet安静的；C.fresh新的；D.hard困难的。根据上文“At22,shemovedfromStoke-on-TrenttoLondon”可知，Cooke从特伦特河畔斯托克搬到了伦敦是渴望开始全新的生活。故选C。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她曾满怀希望地想去那些她以前常去的餐馆、酒吧和剧院，但又不想独自去。A.hopes希望；B.senses感觉；C.impression印象；D.power力量。根据下文“butshedidn’twanttodothesethingsalone”可知，前后有转折，虽然Cooke希望去那些常去的场所，但又不想独自去。故选A。【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：随着周末的过去，她愈发渴望有人陪伴。A.noted著名的；B.eager渴望的；C.safe安全的；D.useful有用的。根据下文“forcompany”可知，总是孤身一人的Cooke愈发渴望有人陪伴。故选B。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她甚至在网上搜索了如何在伦敦结交朋友的建议，但并没有找到太多有用的资料。A.effects效果；B.attacks攻击；C.checks检查；D.tips建议。根据下文“onhowtomakefriendsinLondon,butdidn’tfindmuchhelp”可知，Cooke在网上搜索的是如何在伦敦结交朋友的建议，但没有找到太多有用的资料。故选D。【26题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：不过，她在社交媒体上偶然遇到了几位同样孤独的女性。A.pickedup捡起；B.missedout错过；C.cameacross偶然遇见；D.dependedon依靠。根据下文“invitedthewomenshehadmetonline”可知，Cooke在网上偶然遇到了几位同样孤独的女性。故选C。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：于是，她决定成立一个名为“伦敦孤独女孩俱乐部”的线上团体，并邀请她在网上结识的女性参与。A.found建立；B.decorate装饰；C.track追踪；D.cover报道。根据下文“Shethenplannedabrunchforthemtomeetinperson.”可知，Cooke为这些女性安排了一场早午餐会，说明她决定成立一个名为“伦敦孤独女孩俱乐部”的线上团体。故选A。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：于是，她决定成立一个名为“伦敦孤独女孩俱乐部”的线上团体，并邀请她在网上结识的女性参与。A.defend保卫；B.participate参与；C.exercise锻炼；D.survive幸存。根据下文“Shethenplannedabrunchforthemtomeetinperson.”可知，Cooke为这些女性安排了一场早午餐会，让她们能面对面交流，说明她邀请自己在网上结识的女性参与。故选B。【29题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：“我当时非常紧张，担心没有人会出现，甚至还请了外地的一位朋友来参加。”Cooke说道。A.wakeup醒来；B.calmdown冷静；C.turnup出现；D.standdown辞职。根据下文“Ievenaskedafriendfromoutoftowntocome”可知，Cooke甚至还请了外地的一位朋友来参加，说明她担心没有人会出现。故选C。【30题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：最终，有五位女性参加了，她们相处得非常融洽。A.Naturally自然地；B.Eventually最终；C.Similarly相似地；D.Typically典型地。根据下文“fivewomenattended,andtheyallgotalongwell”可知，这里按时间顺序叙述Cooke安排的聚会的发展情况，经历最初的担心后，最终活动进展顺利，五位女性参加且相处得非常融洽。故选B。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：受到成功的鼓舞，Cooke继续每隔几周组织一次聚会。A.Stressed使受压力；B.Inspired鼓舞；C.Cheated欺骗；D.Alarmed使恐慌。根据下文“bythesuccess”可知，第一次聚会的成功，给了Cooke鼓舞。故选B。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：受到成功的鼓舞，Cooke继续每隔几周组织一次聚会。A.monitor监控；B.prevent防止；C.survey调查；D.organize组织。根据上文“Shethenplannedabrunchforthemtomeetinperson.”可知，Cooke继续第一次聚会的传统，每隔几周组织一次聚会。故选D。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Cooke表示，许多女性通过这个团体建立了长久的友谊。A.formed建立；B.ended结束；C.resisted抵抗；D.suffered遭受。根据上文“Slowly,thegroupgrew.Now,fiveyearslater,theclubhasover35,000members.”可知，该组织壮大了，成员越来越多，说明很多女性通过这个团体建立了长久的友谊。故选A。【34题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“这令人满意，”她补充道，“只要有需求，我们就会一直存在。”A.unequal不平等的；B.painful痛苦的；C.satisfying令人满意的；D.humorous幽默的。根据下文“Aslongasthere’sa___15___,wewillbehere.”可知，Cooke表明了坚持办这个组织的决心，说明该组织的成果令人满意。故选C。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：“这令人满意，”她补充道，“只要有需求，我们就会一直存在。”A.master大师；B.style风格；C.blog博客；D.need需要。根据上文“Thisprovedthatshewasn’ttheonlyonefeelinglonely.”可知，Cooke并非是唯一感到孤独的人，很多女性有同样的困扰，这个组织的存在是为满足这一群体的需求。故选D。第二节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Inoneof____36____earliesttextswritteninMarathi,alanguage____37____(speak)bymillionsinIndia,a13th-centurypoetusedanacaciatree____38____(represent)thecycleoflifeanddeath.HecouldnothaveexpectedthatthisimagewouldlaterhelpscientistsstudytheenvironmentalhistoryofIndia.Today,researchersbelievethatancientstoriesandtextscanofferan____39____(origin)descriptionofhowIndia’slargegrasslandsdeveloped.Theseecosystemscovernearly10%ofIndia.Scien