英语复习阅读理解解题技巧课件

Readingcomprehension高考英语阅读理解教程公开课教案阅读理解题的题型1、事实细节题2、主旨大意题3、推理判断题4、猜测词义题各题型所占比重及命题趋势20012002200320042005命题趋势事实细节54556题量平稳，需跨段搜取信息主旨大意59332题量减少，解题时要进行综合归纳推断推理判断8210109题量增多，难度加大猜测词义25223题量持平，趋于稳定年题量题型Part1Mainidea&BestTitle如何确定文章大意问题形式：1)Themainidea/keypoint/purpose/subjectmatterofthispassageisthat_________.2)Fromthepassagewelearn/canconcludethat________.3)Thelastparagraphischieflyconcernedwith_________.

Tips:

Nottoogeneral,nottoospecific!Skills:

Findouttopic/keysentencesWhereisthetopicsentenceofaparagraph

Sometimesthefirstsentenceofapassageisthetopic(key)sentenceSometimesthelastsentenceisthetopic(key)sentenceSometimesthetopic(key)sentenceisinthemiddleofapassageSometimesyouhavetoputseveralkeysentencestogethertogetthemainideaSometimesyoucan’tfindthetopic(key)sentenceinthepassage.Youhavetosumitupyourself.

Aprocessisanaturalseriesofactionsandreactionsthatleadstospecificresults.Allofusparticipateinavarietyofprocesseseveryday.Wedigestourfood,healourselvesbymakingnewskincells,distributeresourcesthroughourbodiesbybreathing,anduseourfivesenses.Naturalprocessesgoonallaroundusaswell.Plantsproducetheirownfoodthroughphotosynthesis,stormsbuildandmove,volcanoeserupt,andfertilizedeggsmature---thelistseemsendless.

Whichsentencebeststatesthemainideaoftheparagraph?

a.Wealltakepartinmanyprocesseseveryday.

b.Naturalprocessesthatgoonaroundusincludephotosynthesis.

c.Aseriesofactionsandreactionsthatleadstocertainresultsiscalledaprocess.

d.Naturalprocessestakeplacewithinourbodies.

1主题句常常是一个段落的开头，其后的句子则是论证细节。在说明文，科技文献和新闻报道中多采用这种格式。

主题句论证1论证2论证3……IntheUnitedStates,oldpeoplewhonolongerhaveanincomeorwhosufferfromalossofphysicalabilitiesareoftenforcedtogiveuplivingalone.Theymustleavetheirhomesanddependonsomeoneelsetogivethemaplacetoliveandtotakecareoftheirphysicalneeds:theymusteitherlivewithrelativesorliveinhomesfortheaged.Thislossofindependenceisamajorproblemfortheaged.

Whichofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainidea?A.OldpeopleintheUnitedStateswhoarepoororsickcannotlivealone.B.BeingunabletolivealoneisaseriousproblemforoldpeopleintheUnitedStates.C.Oldpeoplewhoarepoororsickshouldlivewiththeirrelatives,notinhomesfortheaged.D.IntheUnitedStates,oldpeoplewhoarepooraresickareforcedtoliveinhomesfortheaged.2主题句也会出现在段尾。作者先摆出事实依据,层层推理论证,最后自然得出结论,即段落的主题。列举事实

层层推理

结论3当主题句被安排在段中间时,作者往往从具体的事例谈起,随之归纳出主题,然后再围绕这一主题展开讨论,使立论更加清楚,具有很强的说服力。

具体事例

归纳主题

深入讨论Allcommunicationisatwo-wayprocessinvolvingaspeakerorwriterandlistenersorreaders(theaudience).Inwrittencommunication,becausetheaudienceisnotpresent,theaudienceiseasytoignore.However,thekindofaudienceyouwritefordetermineswhatyouwriteandhowyouwrite.IndescribingtheWorldSeriesbaseballchampionshiptoaBritishreader,youwouldhavetoincludedefinitions,explanations,andfactsthatareaderintheUnitedStateswouldnotneed.Similarly,ifyouwriteaboutcricket(aBritishsport)foranaudienceintheUnitedStates,youwouldneedtoincludealotofbasicinformation.

Whichsentencebeststatesthemainideaoftheparagraph?

a.Communicationisaprocessthatinvolvesspeakersandwriters.

b.BritishreaderswouldneedspecialinformationtounderstandanarticleontheWorldSeries.

c.Listenersandreadersarecalledtheaudience.

d.Itisimportanttoconsideryouraudiencewhenyouwrite.

主旨题的解题技巧

*着重理解首末段,首末句*主旨在文章中间的情况(非文首文尾),遇到文章前后段意思转折,提高警惕

主旨题的注意事项:

*段落中出现转折时,该句很可能是主题句*作者有意识的反复重复的观点通常是主旨*首段出现疑问句时,对该问题的解答就是文章主旨*提出文章主旨时常伴有的文字提示:therefore,thus,but,however,inshort等等

正确选项特点:不出现细节信息;不含过分肯定或绝对意义的词干扰项特点:细节信息明显;过于笼统

Thecommoncoldistheworld’smostwidespreadillness,Whichisaplague(疫病)thatfleshreceives.Themostwidespreadmistakeofallisthatcoldsarecausedbycold.Theyarenot.Theyarecausedbyviruses(病毒)passingonfrompersontoperson.Youcatchacoldbycomingintocontactwithsomeonewhoalreadyhasone.Ifcoldcausescolds,itwouldbereasonabletoexpecttheEskimostosufferfromthemforever.Buttheydonot.

Thepassagemainlydiscusses___

A.theexperimentsonthecommoncoldB.themistakenideaaboutcommoncoldC.thereasonandwaypeoplecatchcoldD.thecontinuedspreadofcommoncold

Someplantshaverelativeimmunitytoagreatmanydiseases,whileothershaveasusceptibilitytothem.Ablight（萎菌病）maybebutalocalinfectioneasilycontrolled;ontheotherhanditcanattackparticularplantsinawholeregionornation.AnexampleistheblightwhichkilledvirtuallyeverychestnuttreeinNorthAmerica.AnotheristhefamouspotatoblightinIrelandinthelastcentury.Asaresultofthat,itwasestimatedthatonemillionpeoplediedofstarvationandrelatedailments.whatisthemainideaofthisparagraph?A.SomeplantshaverelativeimmunitytoagreatmanydiseasesB.someotherplantshaveasusceptibilitytoagreatmanydiseasesC.thetoleranceofaparticularplantchangesasthegrowingconditionschangeD.ablightcanbeanationalinfection.2如何寻找最佳标题常见设问方式：What’sthebesttitle/headlineforthepassage?Title

标题是段落中心思想的精练表达形式主题句的功能：介绍主题(topic)和阐述控制概念(controllingidea)

有明确主题句的段落标题拟定的方式是：

核心词不动，其他词意义浓缩例：Smokingcigarettescanbeanexpensivehabit.

主题：smokingcigarettes

控制概念：canbeanexpensivehabit

标题：TheExpensiveHabitofSmokingCigarettes

标题的特点：

强调主题，清楚简明，有意义，能吸引读者注意力，有新鲜感Thereisasimpleeconomicprincipleusedtodeter