大学英语四级翻译讲义

大学英语四级翻译讲义

农历(thelunarcalendar)起源于数千年前的中国,根据太阳和月亮的运行规律

制定。长期以来，农历在农业生产和人们日常生活中发挥着重要作用。古人依据

农历记录日期、安排农活，以便最有效地利用自然资源和气候条件，提高农作物的

产量和质量。中国的春节、中秋节等传统节日的日期都基于农历。农历是中国传

统文化的重要组成部分，当今依然广为使用。

ThelunarcalendaroriginatedinChinathousandsofyearsagoandwas

formulatedbasedonthemovementsofthesunandthemoon.Foralongtime,

thelunarcalendarhasplayedanimportantroleinagriculturalproduction

andpeople'sdailylives.Ancientpeopleusedthelunarcalendarto

recorddatesandarrangefarmingactivitiestomakethemostefficient

useofnaturalresourcesandclimaticconditions,therebyimprovingthe

yieldandqualityofcrops.TraditionalChinesefestivalssuchasthe

SpringFestivalandtheMid-AutumnFestivalarcallbasedonthelunar

calendar.ThelunarcalendarisanimportantpartoftraditionalChinese

cultureandisstillwidelyusedtoday.

四合院(siheyuan)是中国一种传统的住宅建筑，其特点是房屋建造在一

个院子的四周，将院子合围在中间。四合院通常冬暖夏凉，环境舒适，尤

其适合大家庭居住。四合院在中国各地有多种类型，其中以北京的四

合院最为典型。如今，随着现代城市的发展,传统的四合院已逐渐减少,

但因其独特的建筑风格，四合院对中国文化的传承和中国历史的研究

具有重要意义。

SiheyuanisatracitionaltypeofresidentialbuildinginChina,

characterizedbyhousesconstructedaroundacourtyard,enclosingthe

courtyardinthecenter.Siheyuanisusuallywarminwinterandcoolin

summer,providingacomfortableenvironment,especiallysuitablefor

largefamilies.TherearevarioustypesofsiheyuanacrossChina,with

theonesinBeijingbeingthemosttypical.Nowadays,withthedevelopment

ofmoderncities,traditionalsiheyuanhasgraduallydecreased,butdue

toitsuniquearchitecturalstyle,siheyuanholdssignificantimportance

fortheinheritanceofChinesecultureandthestudyofChinesehistory.

2

汉语中的“福”字(thecharacterfu)表示幸福和好运,是中国传统

文化中最常用的吉样(auspicious)符号之一。人们通常将一个大大

的福字写在红纸上，寓意期盼家庭幸福、社会安定、国家昌盛。春节

贴福字是民间由来已久的习俗。为了欢庆春节，家家户户都会将福字

贴在门上或墙上，表达对幸福生活的向往、对美好未来的期待。人们

有时还将福字倒过来贴，表示幸福已到、好运已到。

Thecharacter〃fu"inChinesesymbolizeshappinessandgoodfortuneand

isoneofthemostcommonlyusedauspicioussymbolsintraditionalChinese

culture.Peopletypicallywritealarge"fu"characteronredpaper,

signifyingthehopeforfami1yhappiness,socialstabi1ity,andnational

prosperity.Pastingthe“fu〃characterduringtheSpringFestivalisa

long-standingfolkcustom.TocelebratetheSpringFestival,every

householdputsupthe〃fu“characterondoorsorwalls,expressingtheir

longingforahappylifeandanticipationforabrightfuture.Sometimes,

peoplepastethe"fu〃characterupsidedown,indicatingthathappiness

andgoodfortunehavearrived.

3

改革开放以来，中国人民生活水平不断提高，这在人们的饮食

(diet)变化上得到充分体现。如今，人们不再满足于吃得饱，而是追

求吃得更加安全、更加营养、更加健康，食物也愈来愈丰富多样，

不再限于本地的农产品。物流业(logisticsindustry)的发展使人们很

容易品尝到全国各地的特产。毫无疑问，食品质量与饮食结构的改

善为增进人们健康提供了有力的保障。

Sincethereformandopeningup,thelivingstandardsoftheChinesepeoplehave

continuouslyimproved,whichisfullyreflectedinthechangesintheirdiet.Nowadays,

peoplearenolongersatisfiedwithjusthavingenoughtoeat;theyseeksafer,more

nutritious,andhealthierfood.Thevarietyoffoodhasbecomeincreasinglyrichand

diverse,nolongerlimitedtolocalagriculturalproducts.Thedevelopmentofthe

logisticsindustryhasmadeiteasyforpeopletotastespecialitiesfromalloverthe

country.Undoubtedly,theimprovementinfoodqualityanddietarystructurehas

providedastrongguaranteeforenhancingpeople'shealth.

4

改革开放以来，中国人的饮食（diet）发生了显著变化。过去由于经济落

后，食品种类有限、数量不足，人们仅仅满足于吃得饱。如今中国经济快速

发展，食品不仅更加丰富多样，质量也大幅提高。随着生活水平不断提升，人

们对饮食的要求越来越高，更加注重吃得营养健康。因此，目前市场上推出的低

脂、低糖、有机食品受到人们的普遍欢迎。

Sincethereformandopeningup,therehasbeenasignificantchangeinthedietof

theChinesepeople.Inthepast,duetoeconomicbackwardness,therewasalimited

varietyandquantityoffood,andpeopleweremerelysatisfiedwithhavingenoughto

eat.Today,withChina'srapideconomicdevelopment,foodhasbecomenotonly

morediversebutalsosignificantlyimprovedinquality.Aslivingstandardscontinueto

rise,peoplehavehigherexpectationsfortheirdiet,focusingmoreonnutritiousand

healthyeating.Consequently,low-fat,low-sugar,andorganicfoodsintroducedinthe

marketarenowwidelyv/elcomedbythepublic.

5

6

中国政府十分重视人民的健康饮食(diet)o通过大力提倡健康饮食，人们对合理营养增进

健康的重要性有了更加深刻的认识。“吃得安全、吃得营养、吃得健康”是人民对美好生活的

基本需要，是提升人民幸福感的必然要求，也为食品产业为发展提供了新机遇。目前，各级政

府都在采取多种举措确保人民饮食健康，推进健康中国的建设。

TheChinesegovernmentplacesgreatemphasisonthehealthydietofitspeople.Bystrongly

advocatingforhealthyeating,peoplehavegainedadeeperunderstandingoftheimportance

ofreasonablenutritionforimprovinghealth.'Eatingsafely,nutritiously,andhealthily'isabasic

needforagoodlife,aninevitablerequirementforenhancingthehappinessofthepeople,

andalsoprovidesnewopportunitiesforthedevelopmentofthefoodindustry.Currently,

governmentsatalllevelsaretakingvariousmeasurestoensurethedietaryhealthofthe

peopleandtoadvancetheconstructionofahealthyChina.

7

中国政府一直大力推行义务教育(compulsoryeducation),以使每个儿童都享有受

教育的机会。自1986年《义务教育法》生效以来，经过不懈努力，实现了在全国推行

义务教育的FI标。如今，在中国，儿童年满六周岁开始上小学，从小学到初中一共接受

九年义务教育。从2008年秋季学期开始，义务教育阶段学生无需激纳学费。随着一系

列教育改革举措的实施，中国义务教育的质量也有显著提高。

参考译文：TheChinesegovernmenthasbeenvigorouslypromotingcompusory

educationtoensurethateverychildhastheopportunitytoreceiveaneducation.

SincetheimplementationoftheCompulsoryEducationLawin1986,thegoalof

nationwidecompulsoryeducationhasbeenachievedthroughunremittingefforts.

NowadaysinChina,chIdrenstartattendingprimaryschoolattheageofsixand

receivenineyearsofcompulsoryeducationfromprimaryschooltojuniorhighschool.

Startingfromtheautumnsemesterof2008,studentsinthecompulsoryeducation

stageareexemptfromtuitionfees.Withtheimplementationofaseriesofeducational

reformmeasures,thequalityofcompulsoryeducationinChinahasalsosignificantly

improved.

8

改革开放40多年以来，中国政府时高等教育越来越重视，高等教育已经进入稳步发展

阶段。高校学生总数已接近4,700万人，位居世界第一。随着我国经济的快速发展，人

民生活水平不断提高，越来越多的人渴望接受高等教育。我国高校的数量和学科专业持

续增加，招生人数逐年上升，教学质量也在不断改进，为更多年轻人创造了接受高等教

育的机会。

参考译文：Overthepast40yearsofreformandopeningup,theChinesegovernment

hasplacedincreasingimportanceonhighereducation,andithasenteredastageof

steadydevelopment.Thetotalnumberofstudentsinhighereducationinstitu:ions

hasreachednearly47million,rankingChinaastheworld'stopcountryintermsof

studentenrollment.WiththerapiddevelopmentoftheChineseeconomyancthe

continuousimprovementofpeople'slivingstandards,moreandmoreindividuals

aspiretoreceivehighereducation.ThenumberofuniversitiesanddisciplinesinChina

continuestoincrease,withayearlyriseinenrollmentfigures.Thequalityofteachingis

alsocontinuouslyimproving,creatingopportunitiesforagreaternumberofyoung

peopletopursuehighereducation.

9

中国越来越重视终身教育，发展继续教育是构建终身教育体系的有效途径。高校作为人

才培养的基地，拥有先进的教学理念和优越的教学资源，理应成为继续教育的办学主体。

因此，近年来许多高校适应社会需求，加强与用人单位沟通，努力探索一条符合中国国

情的继续教育发展新路，以使继续教育在国家发展战略中发挥更大的作用。

参考译文：Chinaisplacingincreasingemphasisonlifelongeducation,andthe

developmentofcontinuingeducationisaneffectiveapproachtoconstructinga

lifelongeducationsystem.Asthefoundationfortalentcultivation,universitiespossess

advancedteachingconceptsandsuperiorteachingresources,makingthemthe

naturalentitytoundertakecontinuingeducation.Therefore,inrecentyears,many

universitieshaveadaptedtosocietaldemands,strengthenedcommunicationwith

employers,andactivelyexploredanewpathforthedevelopmentofcontinuing

educationthatalignswithChina'snationalconditions.Thisisaimedatenabling

continuingeducationtoplayagreaterroleinthenationaldevelopmentstrategy.

10

近年来，越来越多的年轻人喜爱各种形式的自助旅游。许多自助旅游者选择徒步或骑

自行车出游。他们自己设计路线，自带帐篷、厨具以及其他必备的生活用品。在旅途中,

自助旅游者经常能够发现一些新的美丽景点,但有时也会遇见意想不到的困难或突发事

件。游客在旅行中拥抱自然、欣赏美景，同时也增强了自己克服困难的勇气和野外生存的

能力。

参考译文：Inrecentyears,anincreasingnumberofyoungpeoplehavedevelopeda

likingforvariousformsofself-guidedtravel.Manyindependenttravelerschooseto

hikeorcycleduringtheirtrips.Theydesigntheirownroutesandbringalongtents,

cookingutensils,andotheressentialsupplies.Duringtheirjourney,self-guided

travelersoftenhavetheopportunitytodiscovernewbeautifulattractions,but

sometimestheymayalsoencounterunexpecteddifficultiesorunforeseenevents.By

embracingnatureandappreciatingthescenery,thesetravelersnotonlygainadeeper

connectionwiththeirsurroundingsbutalsoenhancetheircouragetoovercome

challengesandtheirabilitytosurviveinthewilderness.

11

近年来，越来越多的城市居民为农村的田园风光所吸引，利用节假口到乡村旅游，他们

住在农民家中，品尝具有当地风味的农家饭菜，有些游客还参与采摘瓜果等活动，亲身

感受收获的喜悦。乡村旅游能够有效地帮助游客舒缓玉力，放松心情，增进身心健康。

实际上，这种旅游形式不仅能使城市游客受益.，同时也能增加农民的收入，促进农村经

济发展。

参考译文：Inrecentyears,anincreasingnumberofurbanresidentshavebeendrawn

totheruralcountryside,utilizingholidaysandvacationstoengageinruraltourism.

Theystayinthehomesoflocalfarmers,savoringtheauthenticflavorsoffarm-style

meals.Sometouristsevenparticipateinactivitiessuchasfruit-picking,allowingthem

topersonallyexperiencethejoyofafruitfulharvest.Ruraltourismeffectivelyhelps

visitorsrelievestress,relax,andpromotephysicalandmentalwell-being.Infact,this

formoftourismnotonlybenefitsurbantouristsbutalsoincreasestheincomeof

farmersandstimulatesruraleconomicdevelopment.

12

随着生活水平的提高，更多人开始加入到自驾游的行列之中。自驾游者既可驾驶自家车

也可借车或租车出游。司机可能是车主或结伴出游者。自驾游与传统的组团旅游不同，

它能够更好地满足旅游者的个性化需求，使他们更好地享受旅游的过程。自驾游尤其受

到年轻出游者的欢迎。年轻人追求独立自由的生活，而自驾游恰好满足了他们的这一需

求。

参考译文：

Withtheimprovementoflivingstandards,moreoeoplearejoiningtheranksof

self-drivingtravel.Self-drivingtravelershavetheoptiontodrivetheirownvehiclesor

borrow/rentcarsfortheirtrips.Thedrivercanbethevehicleowneroracompanion

traveler.UnHketraditionalgrouptours,self-drivingtravelcatersbettertothe

individualizedneedsoftourists,allowingthemtobetterenjoythetravelexperience.

Self-drivingtravelisparticularlypopularamongyoungtravelers.Youngpeoplepursue

anindependentandfreelifestyle,andself-drivingtravelpreciselymeetsthisneedfor

them.

13

太极拳(Taijiquan)起源于中国古代，是中国武术(martialart)的一个重要分支。练太极拳最

初是为了自卫，现在是促进身心健康的有效锻炼方式。大量研究表明，这种锻炼方式有助

于保持力量、灵活性和平衡力,并减少压力和焦虑。太极拳练习起来既容易乂愉快，通过

轻柔、流畅的动作，促使心情平静、头脑清晰。今天，太极拳已经传播到世界各地,深受广

大健身者的喜爱。

参考翻译：

TaijiquanoriginatedfromancientChinaandisanimportantbranchofChinesemartialarts.

Initiallypracticedforself-defense,itisnowaneffectiveexerciseforpromotingphysicaland

mentalhealth.Numerousstudiesshowthatithelpsmaintainstrength,flexibility,andbalance

andreducesstressandanxiety.Taijiquaniseasyandenjoyabletopractice,withgentle,

flowingmovementspromotingcalmnessandclarityofmind.Today,Taijiquanhasspreadtoall

overtheworldandiswidelylovedbyfitnessenthusiasts.

14

15

按照中国民间的传统习俗，春节期间长辈通常会给孩子发红包，俗称发压岁钱(luckymoney),以

表达对孩子的祝福,祝他们好运。如今，红包不仅是给孩子的礼物，而且经常也是给长辈或亲朋好友

的礼物。近年来，随着微信用户数量的增加，微信红包变得愈加流行。欢度春节时，人们经常互发微

信红包表达问候。这无疑是一种与远方亲友联系的便捷方式。

参考翻译：

AccordingtoChinesefolkcustoms,duringtheSpringFestival,seniorsoftengivechildrenred

envelopes,commonlyknownasluckymoney,toexpresstheirblessingsandwishthemgood

fortune.Nowadays,redenvelopesarenotonlygiftstochIdrenbutalsooftengiventoseniors

orrelativesandfriends.Inrecentyears,withtheincreaseinthenumberofWeChatusers,

WeChatredenvelopeshavebecomeincreasinglypopular.WhencelebratingtheSpring

Festival,peopleoftenexchangeWeChatredenvelopesasagreeting.Thisisundoubtedlya

convenientwaytoconnectwithdistantrelativesandfriends.

16

戏曲是一种中国传统的艺术形式，可以追溯到唐朝。中国戏曲吸引观众的一大特色是其独具风格

的脸谱(facialpainting)o脸谱代表不同角色的性格和命运。观众通过观察脸谱能够更好地理解这

些角色的故事。欣赏戏曲是中国人特别是老年人的一大乐趣。为了吸引更多的年轻观众,传统戏

曲正在不断地发展和创新。如今，越来越多的外国观众也喜欢中国戏曲。

参考翻译：

ChineseoperaisatraditionalartformdatingbacktotheTangDynasty.Itfeaturesunique

facialpaintingsthatrepresentthecharacters'personalitiesanddestinies.Audiencescan

betterunderstandthestorybyobservingthefacialpaintings.Itisapopularpastimefor

Chinese,especiallytheelderly.Toattractyoungeraudiences,traditionaloperaiscontinuously

evolvingandinnovating.Today,moreandmoreforeignaudiencesalsoenjoyChineseopera.

17

在中国农历中，立秋(StartofAutumn)意味着夏天的结束和秋天的开始。立秋带来的首先是天气

的变化，气温逐渐下降。人们看到树叶开始变黄飘落时，知道秋天己经来临，这就是所谓的“一叶知

秋”。但此时酷热的天气并未完全结束，高温通常还会持续一段时间,被称为“秋老虎”。立秋对

农民意义重大，这时各种秋季作物迅速生长、开始成熟，收获的季节即将到来。

参考翻译：

IntheChineselunarcalendar,theStartofAutumnmarkstheendofsummerandthe

beginningofautumn.ThefirstchangebroughtbytheStartofAutumnisintheweather,with

temperaturesgraduallydecreasing.Peoplecantellautumnhasarrivedbyobservingyellowing

leavesfalling,knownas"afallenleafindicatesautumn.'*However,thehotweatherdoesn't

immediatelyend,withhichtemperaturesoftenlastingforawhile,referredtoas"autumn

tigers."TheStartofAutumnissignificantforfarmers,asvariousautumncropsquicklygrow

andmature,andharvestseasonisabouttocome.

18

立春(StartofSpring)在中国农历中表示春天的开始。立春之后,白天变得更长，天气也愈发温暖，万

物开始复苏，大地充满生机。人们常说“一年之计在于春”，农民在这个时节开始播种，为全年的丰

收打下基础。中国人早在三千年前就已开始在立春这一天举行庆祝活动。数百年来，迎春一直是

民间的重要习俗。在春暖花开的口子里，人们常常外出游玩，欣赏春天的美景。

参考翻译：

TheStartofSpringintheChineselunarcalendarmarksthebeginningofspring.AftertheStart

ofSpring,daysbecomelongerandweathergetswarmer,withallthingsstartingtoreviveand

thelandfullofvitality."Thekeytoayearliesinspring"isacommonsaying,andfarmersbegin

plantingatthistimetolaythefoundationforabountifulharvestthroughouttheyear.The

Chinesehavebeencelebratingthisdayforover3,000years.Forhundredsofyears,

welcomingspringhasbeenanimportantfolkcustom.Onthedayswhenspringiswarmand

flowersbloom,peopleoftengooutforrecreationandappreciatethebeautyofspring.

19

冬至(WinterSolstice)是全年白昼最短、黑夜最长的一天，标志着一年中最寒冷时节的开始。冬

至过后，气温越来越低，人们的户外活动逐渐减少。农民地里活儿不多，主要忙于灌溉系统的维

护和农作物的防冻，同时为来年春天播种做准备。中国人历来很重视冬至，许多地方都把冬至当

作一个节口，庆祝方式各地不尽相同。北方人有冬至吃饺子(jiaozi)的习俗，南方人有冬至吃汤圆

(tangyuan)的传统。

参考翻译:

Wintersolsticemarksthebeginningofthecoldesttimeoftheyearandisthedaywiththe

shortestamountofdaylichtandthelongestnight.Afterthewintersolstice,temperatures

continuetodropandoutdooractivitiesdecrease.Farmershavelessworktodointhe询Ids

andmainlyfocusonmaintainingirrigationsystemsandp-otectingcropsfromfrost.Theyalso

preparefornextyear'splanting.ThewintersolsticeishighlyvaluedinChinaandiscelebrated

invariouswaysindifferentregions.Inthenorth,peoplehaveatraditionofeatingdumplingson

wintersolstice,whileinthesouthpeopleeattangyuan.

20

从前有个农夫嫌他种的禾窗长得慢，就到地里把禾苗一株株地拔高了一点。回家后他对家人说:

“今天可真把我累坏了!但我总算让禾苗一下子长高了。”儿子到地里去一看，禾苗都已经死光

了。

现在有些家长急于让孩子成功，往往步那个农夫的后尘，摘得孩子苦不堪言，却不见孩子学业长

进。这样的家长是否该对这个问题有所醒悟，让孩子自然成长呢？

Onceuponatime,therewasafarmerwhowasdissatisfiedwiththeslowgrowthofhis

seedlings,sohewenttothefieldandpulleduptheseedlingsonebyone.Whenhegothome,

hesaidtohisfamily,'Tvehadareallyexhaustingday!ButImanagedtomaketheplantsgrow

taller."Whenthesonwenttothefield,alltheseedlingsweredead.

Nowsomeparents,anxiousfortheirchildrentosucceed,oftenfollowinthefarmer's

footsteps,makingtheirchildrenmiserablebutneglectingtheiracademicprogress.Should

suchparentswakeuptothisproblemandlettheirchildrengrowupnaturally?

21

从前有个人养了一群羊，一天早.上他准备出去放羊，发现少了一只。他仔细一看，看到羊栏

(sheepfold)上有个窟窿。显然夜间有狼钻进羊圈叼走了羊。邻居劝他修羊栏，可是他不听。

第二天他发现狼又通过窟嗓叼走一只羊。他想起邻居的话，就赶快堵上窟窿，把羊栏补好。

此后，他的羊再也没有被狼叼走。

故事告诉我们：出了问题及时补救，可以防止蒙受更大损失。

Therewasonceamanwhohadaflockofsheep,andonemorninghewentouttotendthem,

andfoundonesheepmissing.Helookedcloselyandsawaholeinthesheepfold.Apparentlya

Wolfgotintoasheepringatnightandtookit.Hisneighborsadvisedhimtorepairthe

sheepfold,buthewouldn'tlisten.

ThenextdayhefoundthattheWolfhadcarriedoffasheepthroughthecavedawn.

Rememberingwhathisneighborhadsaid,hequicklypluggeduptheholeandmendedthe

sheepfold.Sincethen,hissheephaveneverbeencarriedawaybywolves.

Themoralofthestoryisthatfixingthingswhentheygowrongcanpreventabiggerloss.

22

从前，有个农夫正在地里耕作，突然看见一只免子飞奔而过，撞在一棵大树上死了。农夫亳不费

力就吃到了兔肉，心里非常高兴。他想，"如果总是这样该多好啊!"于是，不再耕作，每天守候在

那棵树旁，等待着能再捡到撞死在树上的免子。他等呀等，等了一天又一天，田地也荒芜了，却

再也没有等到第二只免子。人们因而都嘲笑他把偶然当成必然。

Onceuponatime,therewasafarmerinthefieldfarming,suddenlysawafreesonranover,

hitatreedeadfarmereffortlesslyeatrabbit,theinthemindisveryhappyhethought,"if

alwayssohowgoodah!"So,nolongerfarming,everydaywaitingbythetree,waitingtobe

abletopickupagainhitdeadinthetreeofthesonhewaitedandwaited,andsoondayafter

day,thefieldisbarren,butneverwaitforthesecondsonofthesonpeoplesoridiculedhimas

theaccidentasinevitable

23

都江堰(Dujiangyan)坐落在成都平原西部的岷江上，距成都市约50公里，始建于与公元前三

世纪。它的独特之处在于无需用堤坝调控水流。2000多年来，都江堰一直有效地发挥着防洪与

灌溉作用，使成都平原成为旱涝保收的沃土和中国最重要的粮食产地之一，都江堰工程体现了我

国人民与自然和谐共存的智慧，是全世界年代最久、仍在使用、无坝控水的水利工程。

听课笔记：

参考翻译：

Dujiangyan,locatedontheMinjiangRiverinthewestofChengduPlain,about50km

awayfromChengduCitywasbuiltinthethirdcenturyBC.Itsuniquenessisthatitdoes

notneeddikestoregulatewaterflow.Formorethan2000years,ithasbeenplayingan

effectiveroleinfloodcontrolandirrigation,makingChengduPlainafertilelandfreefrom

droughtandfloodandoneofthemostimportantgrainproducingareasinChina.Asthe

oldestwaterconservancyprojectintheworldwhichisstillinuseandhasnodiketo

controlwater,theDujiangyanengineeringreflectsthewisdomofharmoniouscoexistence

betweenChinesepeopleandnature.

24

大运河(GrandCanal)是世界上最长的人工河，北起北京，南至杭州。它是中国历史上最宏伟

的工程之一。大运河始建于公元前4世纪，公元13世纪末建成。修建之初是为了运输粮食，后来

也用于运输其他商品。大运河沿线区域逐渐发展成为中国的工商业中心。长久以来，大运河对中

国的经济发展发挥了重要作用,有力地促进了南北地区之间的人员往来和文化交流。

听课笔记：

参考翻译：

TheGrandCanal,thelongestman-maderiverintheworld,runsfromBeijinginthenorth

toHangzhouinthesouth.ItisoneofthemostambitiousprojectsinChinesehistory.The

GrandCanalwasbuiltinthe4thcenturyBCandcompletedattheendofthe13thcenturyAD.

Itwasbuilttotransportgrain,butlateritwasalsousedtotransportothergoods.Thearea

alongtheGrandCanalgraduallydevelopedintotheindustrialandcommercialcenterofChina.

Foralongtime,theGrandCanalhasplayedanimportantroleinChina'secoromic

development,andgreatlypromotedthepeople-to-peopleandculturalexchangesbetweenthe

NorthandtheSouth.

25

茅台（Moutai）是中国最有名的白酒，在新中国成立前夕，被选为国宴用酒。据说赤水沿岸

的村民四千年前就开始酿造茅台。在西汉时期，那里的人们生产出了高质量的茅台，并把它贡给

皇帝。自唐朝开始，这种地方酒通过海上丝绸之路运往海外。茅台味道柔和，有•种特殊的香味:

适量饮用可以帮助缓解疲劳，有镇静作用，因而广受国内外消费者的喜爱。

参考翻译：

Moutai,themostfamousliquorofChina,wasselectedasthedrinkinthestate

banquetbeforethefoundingofthePeople1sRepublicofChina.Itissaidthatvillagers

alongtheChishuiRiverbegantomakeMoutai4,000yearsago.IntheWesternHan

Dynasty,thepeoplethereproducedhigh-qualityMoutai,whichwastreatedasatributeto

theemperor.SincetheTangDynasty,thelocalliquorhasbeenshippedoverseasthrough

theMaritimeSilkRoad.Moutaihasmildflavourandaspecialfragrance.Drinkingin

moderationcanhelptorelievefatigueandhasacalmingeffect,soitiswidelylovedby

consumersathomeandabroad..

第四套:

26

坎儿井(Karez)是新疆干旱地区的一种水利系统，由地下渠道将水井连接而成。该系统将

春夏季节渗入(seepinto)地下的大量雨水及积雪融水收集起来,通过山体的自然坡度引到地

面，用于灌溉农田和满足人们的口常用水需求。坎儿井减少了水在地面的蒸发(evaporation),

对地表破坏很小,因而有效地保护了自然资源与生态环境。坎儿井体现了我国人民与自然和

谐共存的智慧，是对人类文明的一大贡献。

参考翻译

KarezisawaterconservancysysteminthearidareaofXinjiang.Itisformedby

undergroundchannelsconnectingwells.Thesystemcollectsalargeamountofrainwater

andsnowmeltwaterthatseepintothegroundinspringandsummer,anddrawsittothe

groundthroughthenaturalslopeofthemountaintoirrigatefarmlandandmeetpeople's

dailywaterneeds.Karezreducestheevaporationofwateronthegroundanddoeslittle

damagetothesurface,thuseffectivelyprotectingthenaturalresourcesandtheecological

environment.Kanerjingembodiesthewisdomoftheharmoniouscoexistenceofour

peopleandnature,andisagreatcontributiontohumancivilization.

27

手机扫码观看/分享

生活在中国不同地区的人们饮食多种多样。北方人主要吃面食，南方人大多

吃来饭。在沿海地区，海鲜和淡水水产品在人们饮食中占有相当大的比例，而在

其他地区人们的饮食中，肉类和奶制品更为常见。四川、湖南等省份的居民普遍

爱吃辛辣食物，而江苏和浙江人更喜欢甜食。然而，因为烹任方式各异，同类食

物的味道可能会有所不同。

参考翻译：

PeoplelivingindifferentpartsofChinahaveavarietyofdiets.Peopleinthenorth

mainlyeatflourwhilepeopleinthesouthmostlyeatrice.Incoastalareas,seafood

andfreshwaterproductsoccupyalargeproportionofpeople'sdiet,whileinother

areas,meatanddairyproductsaremorecommoninpeople'sdiet.PeopleinSichuan

andHunanprovincesgenerallypreferspicyfood,whilepeopleinJiangsuand

Zhejiangprefersweetfcod.However,foodmaytastedifferentfromoneanother

becauseitiscookeddifferently.

28

春节前夕吃团圆饭是中国人的传统。团圆饭是一年中最重要的晚餐，也是家庭团聚的最

佳