2026政府科技洞察报告：负责任实施政府科技与数字公共基础设施的十大原则

IncollaborationwiththeGlobalFutureCouncilonGovTechandDigitalPublicInfrastructure

TheGovTechCompass:

TenPrinciplesforthe

ResponsibleImplementationofGovTechandDigitalPublicInfrastructure

INSIGHTREPORT

MAY2026

Images:Midjourney,GettyImages

Contents

Foreword3

Executivesummary4

Introduction5

1

The10principles6

2

AdvancingtheprinciplesacrosstheGovTechecosystem17

Conclusion19

Contributors20

Endnotes22

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TheGovTechCompass2

TheGovTechCompass3

May2026

TheGovTechCompass:TenPrinciplesfortheResponsibleImplementationofGovTechandDigitalPublicInfrastructure

Foreword

AaronManiam

CinaLawson

MinisterofPublicSectorEfficiencyandDigital

Transformation,Togo;

Co-ChairoftheGlobalFutureCouncilonGovTechand

DigitalPublicInfrastructure

FellowofPracticeandDirector,DigitalTransformationEducation,BlavatnikSchoolofGovernment,UniversityofOxford;

Co-ChairoftheGlobalFutureCouncilonGovTechandDigitalPublicInfrastructure

Overthepastyear,membersoftheGlobalFutureCouncilonGovTechandDigitalPublicInfrastructurehaveexaminedapressingquestion:whydo

promisingdigitalreformssooftenfallshortoftheirpotentialinpractice?Acrossdiversecontexts,

wereachedasharedconclusion:governments

areundergrowingpressuretodigitalize,yettoo

manyinitiativesproceedwithoutacommonset

ofprinciplestoguidedecisions,alignincentives

andmanagethetrade-offsthatdeterminewhetherGovTechandDPIdeliverlastingpublicvalue.

Thisdocumentwascreatedinresponsetothatneed.

Theurgencyisclear.Digitalizationisfrequentlydrivenbyincentivesthatrewardspeed,efficiencyandvisibledelivery–sometimesattheexpenseofinclusion,

accountabilityandthelivedrealitiesofthecitizens

meanttobenefit.Citizen-centreddesigncanbeseenastoosloworcostly,leavinggapsthatarerarely

repairedafterlaunch.Approacheslabelledas“bestpractice”canworkwellforthedigitallyprivileged

whilecreatingbarriersforothers,inadvertentlyor

otherwise.Transparencymaybecomeperformativeifpeopleandoversightbodieslackmeaningfulways

toquestiondecisions,secureremediesorshape

improvements.Thesearenotinevitableoutcomes

oftechnology;theyreflectchoicesabouthowdigitaltransformationisdesigned,governedandsustained.

Thisreportisthecollectivecontributionofthe

GlobalFutureCouncilonGovTechandDigital

PublicInfrastructuretoamoreresponsibleand

moreeffectivepath.Itoffers10principlesthat

serveasapracticalcompassforleadersnavigatingthecomplexityofGovTechanddigitalpublic

infrastructureimplementation–helpingtranslate

ambitionintosystemsandservicesthatworkintherealworld,acrossinstitutionsandcommunities.

Theseprinciplesmaymanifestindifferentwaysindifferentsettings,butwebelievetheyreflectaseamofusefulunderlyingpragmatism.

Ourcounciliscommittedtosupportinggovernmentsandpartnersinapplyingtheseprinciples,sharing

lessonsacrosscontextsandstrengtheningtheecosystemofpracticearoundthem.Ifdigital

governmentistoearnandsustainpublictrust,itmustbebuiltwithpeople,notmerelydeliveredtothem–andguidedbyvaluesthatkeeppublicvalueatthecentre.

Executivesummary

Adigitalcompass–transformingGovTechanddigitalpublicinfrastructureambitionintocitizen-centreddeliveryatscale.

Governmentsworldwideareaccelerating

digitalizationtostrengthenpublicservicedelivery

andtransformhowthestateoperates.When

guidedbyclearprinciplesandeffectivegovernance,GovTech(shortforgovernmenttechnology)and

digitalpublicinfrastructure(DPI)canimproveservicequality,reduceadministrativeburdensandincreaseaccess.Whenpursuedwithoutthesesafeguards,digitalizationcanexcludeunderservedgroups,reducetransparency,

increasedependencyonvendorsanderodepublictrustindigitaltransformation.

Acentralriskisthatdigitalizationagendasareoftenshapedbyincentivesthatprioritizespeedandefficiencyoverlegitimacyanduserneeds.

Budgetconstraints,pressureto“keepup”with

emergingtechnologiesandexpectationsforrapidresultscandriveisolatedimplementationand

technology-firstdecisions.Thisoftenproduces

systemsthatfailtoreflecthowpeopleactually

accessservices,donotfunctionseamlesslyacrossagenciesanddonotprovidereliablepathwaysforthosewithlimitedconnectivity,documentation,

literacyordigitalskills.Eventually–sometimesquitesoon–thesesystemsfailatscale.

Thisreportaddressesthesecommonfailuresbysettingout10principlestoguidedecision-makingacrosstheGovTechandDPIlifecycle

–fromstrategyandprocurementtodesign,

deploymentandcontinuousimprovement.The

principlesprovideasharedreferencepointfor

governmentsandecosystempartnerstosteer

digitaltransformationtowardscitizen-centred

outcomes,safeguardpublicvalueandstrengthenaccountabilityandinclusioninpractice.Theyareintendedtosupportleadersinnavigatingcommontrade-offs,aligningincentivesandavoidingfailurepatternsthatunderminetrust,legitimacy

andadoption.

Theprinciplesaredesignedforapplication.Eachisoperationalizedthroughamaturitymodelthathelpsgovernmentsandecosystempartnersmovefromintenttoimplementation.Foreveryprinciple,the

frameworksummarizeswhatcangowrongwhenactionisnottaken,outlinesfoundationalpracticesthatprovideapracticalbaselineforbeginnersonthisjourneyandsetsoutactionsforprogressiveexcellencethatmorematuresystemscanpursuetostrengthenoutcomesovertime.

Finally,thereportclarifieshowkeystakeholders

canupholdtheprinciplesinpractice–including

politicalleaders,governmenttechleaders,businessleaders,developmentbanksanddonororganizationleaders,civilsocietyleaders,academicexpertsandcitizens.Together,theseelementssupportamoreresponsibleGovTechandDPIecosystem–

enablingdigitalizationthatdeliversbetterpublicserviceswhilereinforcingpublictrustandlong-termpublicvalue.

TheGovTechCompass4

Introduction

Efficiencywithoutlegitimacy–therisksofunprincipleddigitalization.

Theproblemtobeaddressed

Governmentsworldwideareinvestingindigitalpublicinfrastructuretostrengthengovernmentoperationsandpublicservicedelivery,yettheseeffortsriskbeingdrivenbyefficiencygainsattheexpenseofgovernmentlegitimacy.

Fromdigitalidentitysystemsthatexcludethemostvulnerable,toAI-drivenwelfaredecisionsthat

entrenchbias,todatapartnershipsthatprivatizepublicvalue,therushtodigitalizegovernance

iscreatingnewformsofexclusion,opacityandconcentratedpower.

Thisisn’tinevitable.Thechallengeisn’ttechnologyitself,buttheabsenceofclearprinciplesguidingitsdeployment.Withoutasharedframework,

governmentsrepeatcostlymistakes,citizenslosetrustandthepromiseofdigitaltransformation

becomesanotherdriverofinequality.

Anewcompassisneeded,onethatisvisionaryyetpractical,globalyetadaptableand,aboveall,human-centred.

Theapproach

Thisframeworkestablishes10principlesto

groundGovTech1andDPI2inethicalpractice,

inclusion,operationalclarityandlong-term

accountability.TheseprinciplesreflecttheGlobal

FutureCouncilonGovTechandDigitalPublicInfrastructure’sworkinggroupdeliberationsandamembersurveyundertakentogatherinputsforthisreport,informedbydeskresearchandgroundedinthecouncil’scollectiveexperienceofwhatworksindigitalgovernance.

Thisisnotanaspirationalstatementof

intent.TosupportresponsibleGovTechandDPI

deployment,theframeworkisstructuredaround

amaturitymodelappliedacross10principles.Foreachprinciple,itclarifieswhatcangowrongwhendigitalizationproceedswithoutclearsafeguards

andtheriskssuchgapscancreate.Itthenoutlinesfoundationalpracticesthatgovernmentsshould

putinplacetoprotectpublicvalue,followedbyprogressiveexcellencepracticesthatrepresentmorematureandresilientimplementation.To

groundtheprinciplesinpractice,eachsectionhighlightsillustrativeexamplesfromdifferent

contextsthatdemonstratehowthesestandardscanbeapplied.

Theseprinciplesarenotanexhaustiveor

prescriptivechecklist,butapracticalcompassto

guidegovernmentsthroughthetrade-offsinherentindigitaltransformation.AcknowledgingthevaryingstagesofGovTechmaturityacrosscountries–asreflectedintheWorldBank’sGovTechMaturity

Index(GTMI)3–theprinciplesareintendedtobeadaptabletodifferentcountries’specificscale,institutionalcapacityandculturalcontext.Whatremainsconstantisthecommitmenttoupholdthecoreprinciplesthatsafeguardpublicvalueasdigitalizationadvances.

1

FIGURE

Maturitymodel

Progressiveexcellence(WhatmatureGovTechandDPIsystemsshouldaimfor)

Foundationalpractices

(Thebasicprincipleseverygovernmentshouldadhereto)

Whathappensif

governmentsdonotact?

(Thecostofinaction)

>

TheGovTechCompass5

Source:WorldEconomicForumGlobalFutureCouncilonGovTechandDigitalPublicInfrastructure

TheGovTechCompass6

1

The10principles

GuidingGovTechandDPItowards

trusted,human-centredgovernment–anewcompassforthedigitalstate.

positioningactorsinopposition,theyrecognize

thatgovernments,businesses,civilsocietyand

citizenseachhavelegitimateandcomplementaryrolestoplayincomplexmultistakeholdersystems.Theyaimtosupportbetteralignment,shared

responsibilityandmoreinformeddecision-makingacrosstheecosystem–strengtheninginstitutionsandpartnershipsratherthancastingsuspicionorassigningblame.

The10principlesofferapracticalcompassfor

governmentsontheirdigitalizationjourneys,

helpingthemsteerGovTechandDPItowards

trusted,human-centredoutcomes.Theysetoutwhatisneededtoengagethefullecosystemof

stakeholderswhilestrengtheningaccountability,

transparency,inclusionandaccessibility.Appliedtogether,theysupportbetterdecisionsandmoreefficientpublicservicesthatrespondtorealcitizenneedsanddeliverlastingpublicvalue.

Figure2showshowtheprinciplescanbe

groupedintothreeblocksbasedontheirnatureandfunction.

Theseprinciplesarenotintendedasanexhaustivelist,nordotheyframedigitaltransformationasa

zero-sumcontestamongstakeholders.Ratherthan

FIGURE2

Categorizationofthe10principles

Delivery

·Legitimacy

Trust

Accountability,transparencyandinformedtrust

Citizen-first–designfor

people,thenbuildthesystem

Fromdigitalmaximalismtodigitalpragmatism

Fromrigiditytoresilienceandlearning

1

7

5

Citizendatasovereigntythroughstewardship,notmerelycollection

Inclusionandaccessibilityoverdigitalconcentrationofpower

6

8

2

Evidenceanddynamicadaptation

Collaborationandco-creationovertop-downdesign

3

9

Leadershipcommitmentandchangemanagementovertechnicaldelivery

Prioritizepublicvalueforsharedgain

4

10

Source:WorldEconomicForumGlobalFutureCouncilonGovTechandDigitalPublicInfrastructure

TheGovTechCompass7

PRINCIPLE1

Citizen-first–designforpeople,thenbuildthesystem

Governanceshouldstartwithcitizens,notdatabasesorsoftware.GovTechandDPIshouldreflect

citizens’livedexperiencesandservicejourneys,prioritizingusability,transparency,responsivenessandmeaningfulparticipationfromdesignthroughtooperation.

Whathappensifgovernmentsdonotact?

Programmesareshapedbysilos,legacysystemsorvendorconstraints.Adoptionstalls,trustdeclinesandgovernmentsspendheavilyonplatformsthatdeliver“efficiency”onpaperbutlittlevalueinpractice.

Foundationalpractices

Conductuserresearchwitharepresentativecross-sectionofcitizensearlyenoughtoshaperequirementsandpriorities.

Progressiveexcellence

Embedcitizen-journeymetricsinpolicy,deliveryandprocurementdecisions,includingtargets

forusabilityandsatisfaction.

Mapandredesignkeyservicejourneysandworkflowsbeforetechnicalbuild,focusingontheoutcomescitizensneed.

Establishcitizenadvisoryboardsor

mechanismsthatinfluenceprioritiesandtrade-offsratherthansimplyprovidingconsultation.

Validatecoreassumptionsthroughusabilitytestingandpilots,adaptingservicesbasedonevidencebeforescaling.

Alignincentives,performancemanagement

(forindividuals,projectsandprogrammes)andvendorcontractswithcitizenexperienceand

Maintainclearchannelsforcitizenfeedback

andissueresolutionthroughoutoperation,withnamedserviceowners.

Estonia’s“once-only”4approachanddigitalIDreducerepeatedpaperwork

andenabletrusted,user-centricservicejourneys(includingcitizenvisibilityintodataaccess).

Real-worldapplication:Estonia

TheGovTechCompass8

PRINCIPLE2

Inclusionandaccessibilityoverdigitalconcentrationofpower

Digitaltransformationshouldbroadenaccessacrosssectorsofthepopulation,languages,devicesandconnectivity.Inclusionmeansengagingwithpeopleintheirspecificcontext,onlineandoffline,soessentialGovTechandDPI-enabledservicesshouldremainusablefordiversecommunities.

Whathappensifgovernmentsdonotact?

Servicesassumeaccesstosmartphonesanddataand/orhighliteracy–anddigitalizationendsupentrenching

inequality.Offlinepathwaysdecay,languagebarrierspersistandprogressmetricscanmaskexclusionwhilebenefitsareconcentratedamongtheconnected.

Progressiveexcellence

Assessandimproveaccessibilityinlinewithrecognizedstandards–suchastheWebContentAccessibilityGuidelines

(WCAG)–acrossdesign,procurementandqualityassurance.

Usedisaggregatedindicatorstotrackequityoutcomesandclosegapsacrossgender,

ethnicity,geography,age,disabilityandothercontexts.

Co-createimprovementswithdisability

andinclusionorganizationstogobeyond

complianceandstrengthenreal-worldusability.

Foundationalpractices

Includemarginalizedcommunitiesinresearchandprototypingearly,focusingongenuine

barrierstoaccessanduse.

Ensureessentialservicesfunctiononwidelyavailabledevicesandinlow-connectivity

contexts,withofflinealternativesforcoreservices.

Provideservicesinallofficiallanguagesandothercommonlyusedcommunitylanguagesrelevanttotheservice.

Testprototypeswithuserswhofacecommonaccessbarriers–includingdisability,lowliteracyandlimitedconnectivity–beforescaling.

Expanddigitalliteracyandassistedsupportduringservicerollout.

Rwanda’sIremboportal5deliversmorethan100e-servicesand(perthe

WorldBank6)iscomplementedbyanationwidenetworkofIremboauthorizedintermediaries,supportingaccessforcitizenswhomightlackreliableinternetorstrongdigitalskills.

Real-worldapplication:Rwanda

TheGovTechCompass9

PRINCIPLE3

Collaborationandco-creationovertop-downdesign

Digitalgovernmentworksbestasanecosystemeffort.Collaborationamonggovernment,citizens,business,civilsocietyandacademiastrengthenslegitimacy,innovationandresilience,andhelpsensureGovTechandDPIsolutionsfitrealneeds.

Whathappensifgovernmentsdonotact?

Solutionsthatdonotrespondtorealneedsbecomewhiteelephantorvanityprojects,alienatingthecommunitiestheyaremeanttobenefit.Theyfailbecausenosinglestakeholderhasalltheanswers–resultinginpublicfundsbeingwastedontop-downsystemsthatendupbeingrejectedbycitizens.

Progressiveexcellence

Createparticipatorydesignlabswherecitizensco-createGovTechandDPIwithtechnologistsandpolicy-makers.

Useopencallsandregulatorysandboxes

todrawinprivate-sectorinnovation,test

prototypeswithusersinreal-worldconditions,identifyrisksearlyandscalewhatworks.

Formalizerolesforcivilsocietywatchdogsandindependentexpertsinoversightandaccountabilitymechanisms.

Foundationalpractices

Createtherightmechanismsandincentivestoensurecross-level(national,regionalandlocal)andcross-departmental(ministries,agencies,divisions)collaborationwithingovernment.

Establishmultistakeholderadvisorygroupswithdiverserepresentation–government,business,civilsociety,academiaandcitizens–formajorGovTechandDPIinitiatives.

Conductopenconsultationswithpublishedresponsesshowinghowfeedbackwas

incorporated.

Createcollaborationchannelsforgood-

practiceexchangeacrossgovernmentsandecosystempartners.

Chile’sLaboratoriodeGobierno7has(since2015)institutionalizedco-creationasacorepracticeforpublicinnovation.ThisapproachinformedtheDigitalGovernmentStrategy2030throughaparticipatoryprocessengaging1,460citizensand272

stakeholdersacrossninedialoguesessions.8

Real-worldapplication:Chile

TheGovTechCompass10

PRINCIPLE4

Prioritizepublic

valueforsharedgain

GovTechandDPIshouldcreatevaluefor,ratherthanextractingitfrom,society.Private-sectorinnovationisimportantwhenalignedwithpublicgoals,whilegovernmentsremainstewardsofdata,standards

andsocietaloutcomes.

Whathappensifgovernmentsdonotact?

Partnershipscancreatevendorlock-inordependency,weakensovereigntyandenablemonetizationof

citizendata.Governmentspaymoreovertime,losecontrolovercriticalinfrastructureanderodeconfidenceindigitalgovernment.

Progressiveexcellence

Conductindependentpublic-benefit

assessmentsanddisclosevaluemetricsfor

majorpartnerships,includingrights,sovereigntyandenvironmentalimpacts.

Foundationalpractices

Adoptopenstandards,interoperable

architecturesandenforceabledataportabilityinlinewithrecognizedframeworks(e.g.EU

portabilitystandards),supportedbyclearAPIsandcommondataformats.

Usecontractsthatenableflexibility,migrationandoversight,andprohibittermsthat

restrictportability,independentauditoroperationalaccess.

Publishthecoretermsofmajorpublic–privatepartnershipsanddata-sharingagreementsinthepublicinterest,whilerespectingapplicableconfidentialityrules,includingcleargovernanceandaccountabilitymechanisms.

Usemodularprocurementandmultivendorstrategiestokeepsystemscontestableandavoidvendorlock-in.

Applyvendorduediligencealignedwith

locallawandregulatorystandards,assessing

securityposture,conflictsofinterestand

Buildsovereigncapabilitytooperateandevolvecriticalsystems,includingin-houseskills,full

documentationandcredibletransitionplans.

demonstratedcapacitytosupportreliablepublicservicedelivery.

DevelopDPIsolutionsandstandards

thatestablishanopen,interoperablebase

layer–enablinginnovation,faircompetitionandalignmentbetweenpublicvalueobjectivesandprivate-sectorparticipation.

Brazil’sCentralBank-ledPix9isapublicinstant-paymentsinfrastructurethatisinteroperableacrossinstitutions,enablingprivateinnovationwhilekeepinggovernanceandpublic-valueobjectivesinthepublicdomain.

Real-worldapplication:Brazil

TheGovTechCompass11

PRINCIPLE5

Accountability,transparencyandinformedtrust

Publictrustarisesfromvisibilityandaccountability.Systemsmustbeexplainable,auditableandgovernedundertheruleoflaw–notdependentonunquestioningtrustininstitutionsorcode.

Whathappensifgovernmentsdonotact?

Opaquegovernancescalesmistakesandbias.Withouthumanoversightandindependentaudit,harmishardtodetectorchallenge,andgovernmentlegitimacycanerodequickly.

Progressiveexcellence

Publishreal-timepublicperformanceand

compliancedashboardsforkeysystems,

includingreliability,incidentsandgovernanceindicators.

Conductregularthird-partyauditsofhigh-risksystems,proactivelypublishingsummaries

offindingsandremediationactions.

Establish“stoporrollback”thresholdsforhigh-risksystems(e.g.errorrates,biasindicatorsorincidentseverity)withpredefinedescalationandsuspensionprocedures.

Foundationalpractices

EstablishpublicoversightmechanismsfordataandAIuseingovernment.

Maintainindependentaudittrailsforautomateddecisionsthataffectrightsorentitlements,

enablingindependentreviewandinvestigation.

Embedexplainabilityrequirementsintothedesign,procurementanddeploymentofAIsystems.

Ensurehigh-stakesdecisionsarecontestablethroughhumanreview,accessibleappealsandtimelyredressmechanisms.

Informthepublicofsignificantfailures,breachesandcorrectiveactions,balancingtransparencywithsecurityneeds.

Makesurecontestabilityremainsmeaningful

notonlyinreactivedecisionsbutalsoin

proactiveorautomatedcontextswhereservices,classificationsorinterventionsoccurwithouta

priorcitizenrequest.

Denmark’sAgencyforDigitalGovernment10explicitlyworkstoensuretransparentdigitaladministrationandstronggovernanceofcorepublicICTsystems,

reinforcingaccountabilityandauditabilityandcreatingthebasisfordiscerning,evidence-driventrustfromcitizens.

Real-worldapplication:Denmark

TheGovTechCompass12

PRINCIPLE6

Citizendatasovereigntythroughstewardship,notmerelycollection

Dataisapublicassetthatrequiresrights-basedstewardship.Governmentsshouldprotectprivacy,definelawfulaccessanduseandenablecitizenstocontroltheirinformationwhilestillsupporting

responsibleinnovationandservicedeliveryinGovTechandDPI.Inparallel,governmentsmustretaindigitalsovereigntyatthenationallevel–maintainingstrategiccontrolovercriticalinfrastructure,

standardsandlong-termsystemevolution.

Whathappensifgovernmentsdonotact?

Weaksafeguardsenablesurveillance,misuseanddiscriminatoryprofiling.Uncheckedsharingandbreaches

underminetrustandsovereignty,andcancreateinfrastructurethatconcentratespowerandlimitscivicfreedoms.

Foundationalpractices

Enactandenforcedataprotectionlaws,with

independentoversightandmeaningfulpenaltiesformisuseorbreaches.

Progressiveexcellence

Useprivacy-enhancingtechnologiesfor

verificationanddataexchange,reducing

exposureofpersonalinformationwhileenablingservicedelivery.

Setdatasovereigntyrequirementssothatsensitivecitizendataisstoredandprocessedunderthe

country’slegaljurisdiction.

Createdatatrustsorcooperativeswhere

citizenscollectivelygoverndatause.

Applyprivacy-by-designandcybersecurity-by-

design,includingdataminimization,strongaccesscontrols,encryption,logginganddocumentedriskassessmentsforeachcomponent.

Developsecureandsovereigncloudstrategiestoensurethatcitizendataisprotected,resilientandlegallysafeguarded.

Enablecitizenstoaccess,correctanddelete

personaldata,withclearprocessesandservice-levelresponsetimelines.

Subjectthird-partydatasharingtoclearlegislation,ethicalreviewandpublicdisclosure

ofpurposeandsafeguards.

Developcross-borderdataexchangeprotocolsthatprotectsovereigntywhileenablingcooperation.

Switzerland’srecentFederalActonDataProtection11(inforcesince1September2023)strengthensprotectionsandrightsaroundpersonal-dataprocessing,

supportingarights-basedapproachtodatastewardship.

Real-worldapplication:Switzerland

TheGovTechCompass13

PRINCIPLE7

Fromdigitalmaximalismtodigitalpragmatism

Noteveryproblemrequiresadigitalsolutionbuiltfromscratch.Beforebuildingnewsolutions,

governmentsshouldexhaustthepossibilitiesforusingexistingsystems,improvingmanualprocessesorenablinganaloguealternatives.Simplicityandrestraintarevirtues.

Whathappensifgovernmentsdonotact?

Publicfundsarewastedonunnecessaryorduplicativetechnology,whilesimpler,moreeffectivesolutionsareoverlooked–leadingtofragmentedsystems,greatercomplexityandreducedinteroperability.

Progressiveexcellence

Standardizereferencearchitecturesand

interoperabilitypatterns,sosolutionsremain

modularandavoidbespoke,monolithicbuilds.

Useoutcome-basedmetricstochallengecomplexity,rewardingreductionsinsteps,formsandsystems,notonlynewlaunches.

Designlow-energyinfrastructureand

promoteenergy-efficientsoftwareandmodel

development,especiallyfordataandAI-intensiveservices.

Foundationalpractices

Requireanassessmentofnecessityand

alternativesbeforeapprovingnewGovTechorDPIbuilds.Wherepossible,encourageuseofexistingbaseinfrastructure.

Mapworkflowsend-to-endwithallkey

stakeholdersbeforedigitalizing,avoiding

ambiguousdesignsthatmissrealconstraintsandactors.

Conductcost